WISCONSIN  GAZETTEER, 


CONTAINING    THE 


NAMES,    LOCATION,    AND   ADVANTAGES, 


OF    THE 

COUNTIES,  CITIES,  TOWNS,  VILLAGES,  POST  OFFICES, 
AND  SETTLEMENTS, 

TOGETHER    WITH     A     DESCRIPTION     OF     THE 

LAKES,   WATER  COURSES,   PRAIRIES,   AND 
PUBLIC  LOCALITIES, 

IN    THE 

STATE  OF  WISCONSIN. 

ALPHABETICALLY    ARRANGED. 


BY  JOHN .  WARREE'  ;HT>KT/ 


MADISON: 

BERIAH    BROWN,    PRINTER. 
1853. 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1853. 
BY  JOHN  WARREX  HUNT, 

In  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States  for  the 
District  of  Wisconsin. 


PREFACE, 


The  utility  of  a  Work,  like  the  one  now  presented  to  the  public,  will  not  be 
questioned.  The  State  of  Wisconsin  has  grown  into  importance  with  unexam 
pled  rapidity,  and  is  now  so  far  advanced  in  settlement  and  improvement  that 
some  compilation  of  correct  and  authentic  information,  in  relation  to  its  natural 
features  and  advantages,  seems  to  have  become  of  the  highest  interest  and 
necessity — to  the  citizen  as  a  detailed  description  of  his  State — to  the  immigrant 
as  a  Guide  Book  in  the  selection  of  a  home. 

As  this  is  the  first  publication  of  the  kind  which  has  ever  appeared  in  rela 
tion  to  Wisconsin,  its  preparation,  from  materials  scattered  and  undigested,  has 
necessarily  been  attended  with  many  difficulties  and  great  labor.  No  pains, 
however,  have  been  spared  to  make  it,  as  far  as  possible,  a  correct  and  complete 
description  of  the  State,  historical  and  geographical,  and  of  the  peculiar  cha 
racteristics  of  its  different  districts. 

Through  circulars,  ai-d  otherwise,  the  author  has  consulted  every  Postmaster 
in  the  Slate,  as  well  as  a  large  number  of  other  residents,  known  to  be  familiar 
with  the  portion  in  which  they  reside,  and  from  them  he  has  derived  much  of 
the  information  for  his  descriptions  of  cities,  villages,  and  post  offices.  The 
notices  of  the  legal  history  and  situation  of  counties  and  towns,  are  the  result 
of  the  most  careful  examination  of  the  laws,  journals,  and  records  of  the  Ter 
ritory  and  State.  The  description  of  lakes,  rivers,  &c.,  and  of  the  face  of  the 
country,  to  a  great  extent  has  been  compiled  from  maps  and  documents  of  the 
General  Government  and  from  other  authentic  publications,  and  from  reliable 
sources  furnished  directly  for  this  Work.  Much  valuable  information  has  also 
been  received  from  conversation  and  correspondence  with  the  members  of  the 

250187 


PEEFACE. 

legislature,  and  others,  from  every  section  of  the  State,  for  the  past  three  years. 
By  the  method  pursued  a  knowledge  has  been  acquired  of  every  portion  of 
Wisconsin  which  it  would  not  have  been  possible  to  have  gained  in  any  other 
manner.  Perfect  accuracy  in  all  cases  is  neither  claimed  or  expected,  but  it  is 
hoped  that  these  means  have  insured  as  great  a  degree,  as  is  possible,  in  a  new 
State  of  which  much  remains  unoccupied  and  undeveloped,  and  but  little 
settled  long  enough  to  be  described  with  that  certainty  and  complete  familiarity 
that  would  be  expected  in  an  older  State. 

Notwithstanding  great  care  has  been  taken  in  perfecting  this  Work,  several 
mistakes  have  been  discovered  in  the  printed  edition,  a  list  of  which  will  be 
found  in  the  Errata.  Many  omissions  were  necessarily  made  in  the  bodv  of  the 
Work,  which  are  inserted  in  the  Appendix,  but  mostly  prepared  in  such  a 
manner  as  not  to  give  that  accuracy  of  description  that  is  desirable.  It  is  not 
supposed  that  it  is  free  from  other  errors  and  omissions.  Should  such  be  dis 
covered,  the  Author  will  consider  it  a  great  favor  to  have  them  pointed  out  to 
him,  by  letter  or  otherwise,  as  it  is  his  wish  to  make  any  future  editions,  if 
called  for,  as  full  and  exact  as  may  be. 

With  these  introductory  and  explanatory  remarks  the  WISCONSIN  GAZETTEER 
is  submitted  to  the  public,  confidently  trusting  that  it  may  receive  sufficient 
patronage  to  render  a  reasonable  compensation  for  the  labor  and  money 
expended  in  its  compilation  and  publication. 

In  conclusion,  the  Author  desires  to  tender  his  sincere  thanks  to  all  who 
have  aided  him;  and  to  extend  his  grateful  acknowledgments  to  Governor 
Farwell,  General  Smith,  Chancellor  Lathrop,  I.  A.  Lapham,  and  Lyman  C. 
Draper,  for  their  kindness  and  courtesy,  and  the  valuable  assistance  he  has 
received  from  each  of  them,  in  the  prosecution  of  this  undertaking. 

MADISON,  Wis.,  June  1st,  1853. 


WISCONSIN, 


Situation,  Bounds,  Extent  and  Area. — History  of  Territory  and  State. — Face  of  the 
Country,  Soil,  etc. — Antiquities. — Climate  and  Health. — Productions. — Manufac 
tures. — Trade. Education. — Government. — Civil  Divisions. — Improvements. — 

Public   Lands. — Miscellaneous. 

SITUATION,  EXTENT,  BOUNDS  AND  AREA. — The  State  of  Wis 
consin  embraces  all  of  that  portion  of  the  Northwestern  Territory 
lying  north  of  the  parallel  of  latitude  42°  30'  and  west  of  Lake 
Michigan,  excepting  a  portion  of  said  Territory  north  and  east  of 
the  Menomonee  River  of  Green  Bay,  belonging  to  and  forming 
the  Upper  Penin-ula  of  Michigan ;  and  another  portion  lying 
west  of  the  River  St.  Croix,  included  in  and  constituting  a  portion 
of  the  Territory  of  Minnesota.  Its  greatest  extent  from  north  to 
south  is  two  hundred  and  ei^htv-five  miles,  and  from  east  to  west 

O         */ 

two  hundred  and  fifty-five  miles. 

Wisconsin  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Minnesota  and  Michi 
gan,  on  the  northeast,  and  east  in  Lake  Michigan  by  Michigan, 
on  the  south  by  Illinois,  and  on  the  west  by  Iowa  and  M;nnesota; 
or  according  to  the  Constitution,  as  follows,  to  wit:  "Beginning 
at  the  northeast  corner  of  the  State  of  Llinoi>,  that  is  to  say,  at  a 
point  in  the  centie  of  Lake  Michigan,  where  the  line  of  forty-two 
degrees  and  thirty-nine  minutes  of  north  latitude  crosses  the 
same;  thence  running  with  the  boundary  line  of  the  state  of 
Michigan,  through  Lake  Michigan,  Green  Bay,  to  the  mouth  of 
the  Menomonee  river;  thence  up  the  channel  of  the  said  river  to 
the  Brule  river;  thence  up  said  last  mentioned  river  to  Lake 
Brule ;  thence  along  the  southern  shore  of  Lake  Brule,  in  a  direct 
9 


6  WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER. 

line  to  the  centre  of  the  channel  between  Middle  and  South 
Islands,  in  the  Lake  of  the  Desert;  thence  in  a  direct  line  to  the 
head  waters  of  the  Montreal  river,  as  marked  upon  the  survey 
made  by  Captain  Cram ;  thence  down  the  main  channel  of  the 
Montreal  river  to  the  middle  of  Lake  Superior;  thence  through 
the  centre  of  Lake  Superior  to  the  mouth  of  the  St.  Louis  river ; 
thence  up  the  main  channel  of  said  river  to  the  first  rapids  in  the 
same,  above  the  Indian  village,  according  to  Nicollet's  map ; 
thence  due  south  to  the  main  branch  of  the  river  St.  Croix ; 
thence  down  the  main  channel  of  said  river  to  the  Mississippi ; 
thence  down  the  centre  of  the  main  channel  of  that  river  to  the 
northwest  corner  of  the  state  of  Illinois;  thence  due  east  with 
the  northern  boundary  of  the  state  of  Illinois,  to  the  place  of 
beginning,  as  established  by  'an  act  to  enable  the  people  of  the 
Illinois  territory  to  form  a  constitution  and  state  government,  and 
for  the  admission  of  such  state  into  the  Union  on  an  equal  footing 
with  the  original  states,'  approved  April  8th,  1818." 

The  area  of  Wisconsin  in  land  is  53,924  square  miles,  or 
34,511,360  square  acres. 

HISTORY. — Wisconsin  was  first  visited  by  French  Missionaries 
in  166^,  in  October  of  which  year  Mesnard  reached  Che-goi-me- 
gon,  on  Lake  Superior.  In  1672,  Aloues  and  Dablon  visited 
Green  Bay,  and  the  country  between  the  Fox  river  and  the  south 
end  of  Lake  Michigan.  In  the  year  following,  on  the  13th  of 
May,  Marquette,  a  Jesuit  Missionary,  and  Joliet,  an  agent  of  the 
government  of  France,  with  five  other  Frenchmen,  embarked 
from  their  Mission,  near  Mackinac,  and  arrived  at  Green  Bay, 
where  they  found  an  Indian  village  and  procured  guides  to  ac 
company  them  up  Fox  river  to  the  Portage  with  the  Wisconsin. 
They  descended  this  river  to  its  mouth,  where  they  arrived  on  the 
17th  of  June,  1673,  and  made  the  first  discovery  of  the  Upper 
Mississippi  river.  The  Territory  remained  under  the  government 
of  the  French,  who  claimed  it,  until  1763,  when,  at  the  treaty  of 
Paris,  it  was  ceded  to  Great  Britain,  who  retained  it  until  the  In- 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  7 

dependence  of  the  United  States  was  acknowledged  by  that 
county  in  1783,  when  it  was  claimed  by  Virginia,  as  a  part  of  the 
Illinois  country  conquered  by  Col.  George  Eogers  Clark.  It  how 
ever  remained  in  the  possession  of  Great  Britain  until  1796,  when 
it  was  surrendered  in  accordance  with  Jay's  treaty,  ratified  the 
previous  year.  On  the  first  day  of  March,  1784,  it  was  ceded  by 
Virginia  to  the  United  States.  By  the  celebrated  ordinance  pas 
sed  the  13th  of  July,  1787,  a  government  was  provided  for  the 
Territory  northwest  of  the  Ohio  river,  which  territory  was  divided 
into  two  separate  governments,  the  western  called  Indiana,  by  an 
act  passed  May  7th,  1800.  An  act  dividing  the  Indiana  Territory 
and  organizing  Illinois,  was  passed  and  approved  February  3d, 
1809.  By  the  act  of  Congress  to  enable  the  people  of  Illinois  to 
form  a  State  government,  approved  April  18th,  1818,  all  that 
portion  of  said  territory  north  of  the  parallel  of  latitude  42°  30; 
west  of  the  middle  of  Lake  Michigan,  was  attached  to  the  Terri 
tory  of  Michigan,  which  had  been  set  off  from  Indiana  in  1805. 

In  1835,  Michigan  having  assumed  a  State  government,  John 
S.  Horner,  Secretary  and  Acting  Governor,  convened  a  session  of 
the  legislature,  at  Green  Bay,  from  the  remainder  of  said  Ter 
ritory.  Xo  business  was  transacted,  except  the  passage  of  several 
Memorials  to  Congress,  among  which  was  one  asking  for  the 
organization  of  the  Territory  of  Wisconsin,  with  the  seat  of  gov 
ernment  at  Cassville,  on  the  Mississippi. 

An  act  establishing  the  Territorial  government  of  Wisconsin, 
was  passed  and  approved  April  20th,  1836,  and  the  Territory  fully 
organized  July  4th,  1836. 

On  the  12th  day  of  June  1838,  an  act  was  passed  dividing  the 
Territory  of  Wisconsin,  and  establishing  that  portion  on  the  west 
side  of  the  Mississippi  (which  had  been  attached  to  Michigan  in 
1834,)  into  a  separate  government,  under  the  name  of  Iowa. 

In  1836,  Governor  Dodge,  by  proclamation  dated  September 
9th,  convened  the  legislature  at  Belmont,  now  in  Lafayette 
county,  on  the  25th  day  of  October  in  that  year.  The  second 
session  was  held  at  Burlington,  now  in  the  State  of  Iowa,  Nov. 


8  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

6th,  1837,  at  which  session  the  seat  of  government  was  located  at 
Madison,  where  the  first  session  of  the  2d  Legislative  Assembly 
of  "Wisconsin  was  held  Nov.  26th,  1838. 

A  Convention  was  held  at  Madison,  October  5th,  1816,  for  the 
purpose  of  drafting  a  State  Constitution,  which'was  adopted  in 
Convention,  December  16th,  1846,  but  rejected  by  the  people  at 
the  election  held  on  the  first  Tuesday  in  April,  1847.  A  second 
Convention  was  held  December  16th,  1847,  and  a  Constitution 
agreed  to  February  1st,  1848,  which  was  approved  of  by  the 
electors  at  the  election  held  April,  1848,  and  Wisconsin  was 
admitted  into  the  Union,  on  an  equal  footing  with  the  other  States, 
on  the  29th  day  of  May,  1848. 

At  the  dates  given  below,  the  gentlemen  named  were  ap 
pointed  by  the  President  of  the  United  States,  to  the  offices 
designated  : 

GOVERNORS. 

Henry  Dodge April  13th,  1836. 

Henry  Dodge,  re-appointed     .     .     .  March  9th,  1839. 

James  Duane  Doty, September  30th,  1841. 

Nathaniel  P.  Tallmadge      ....  June  21st,  1844. 

Henry  Dodge April  8th,  1845. 

SECRETARIES. 

John  S.  Horner 1836. 

William  B.  Slaughter February     16th,  1837. 

Francis  J.  Dunn 1841. 

A.  P.  Field 1841. 

George  K.  C.  Floyd 1845. 

John  Catlin February     24th,  1846. 

SUPREME    COURT. 

Charles  Dunn Chief  Justice. 

Frazier Associate. 

David  Irwin,  Jr Associate. 

Andrew  G.  Miller Associate,   in   place  of 

Frazier,  deceased. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  V 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  several  State  Officers,  from  the 
organization  of  the  State  : 

GOVERNORS. 

Nelson  Dewey May  8th,  1848. 

Nelson  Dewey,  re-elected  ....     November,  1849. 

Leonard  J.  Far  well November  4th,  1851. 

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNORS. 

John  E.  Holmes May  8th,  1848. 

Samuel  W.  Beall November,  1849. 

Timothy  Burns November  4th,  1851. 

SECRETARIES    OF   STATE. 

Thomas  McHugh May  8th,  1848. 

William  A.  Barstow November,  1849. 

Charles  D.  Robinson November  4th,  1851. 

STATE   TREASURERS. 

Jairus  C.  Fairchild May  8th,  1848. 

Jairus  C.  Fairchild,  re-elected      .     .     November,  1849. 

Edward  H.  Janssen November  4,  1851. 

ATTORNEYS-GENERAL. 

James  S.  Brown May  8th,  1848. 

S.  Park  Coon November,  1849. 

Experience  Estabrook November  4th,  1851. 

STATE   SUPERINTENDENTS. 

Eleazer  Koot May  8th,  1848. 

Eleazer  Root November,  1849. 

Azel  P.  Ladd November  4th,  1851. 

"BANK    COMPTROLLER. 

James  S.  Baker,  appointed  by  Governor,  November  20th,  1852. 


10  WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER. 

JUDGES   OF   THE   SUPREME   COURT. 

Edward  V.  Whiton,    Judge  of  1st  Circuit  ....  1848. 

Levi  Hubbell,  "  2d  "  .     .     .     .  1848. 

Charles  H.  Larrabee,       "  3d  ....  1848. 

Alexander  W.  Stow,  4th  "  ....  1848. 

M.  M.  Jackson,  "  5th  "  ....  1848. 

Wiram  Knowlton,  6th  ....  1850. 

Timothy  O.  Howe,  "  4th  "  ....  1850. 

Levi  Hubbell,  2d  "  ....  1851. 

M.  M.  Cothren,  "  5th  ....  1852. 

SEPARATE,  OR  NEW  SUPREME  COURT. 

Edward  Y.  Whiton,          Chief  Justice 1852. 

Abram  D.  Smith,  Judge       1852. 

Samuel  Crawford,  1852. 

FACE  OF  THE  COUNTRY,  SOIL,  AND  GEOLOGICAL  FEATURES. — The 
natural  features  peculiar  to  Wisconsin,  is  the  uniformity  of  its 
elevation,  and  shape  of  its  surface,  which  is  neither  mountainous, 
hilly  or  flat,  but  gently  undulating.  The  country  west  of  Sugar 
river  and  south  cf  the  Wisconsin,  is  somewhat  broken,  principally 
by  the  dividing  ridge  upon  which  the  road  from  Madison  to 
Prairie  du  Chien  passes.  In  this  section,  known  as  the  Mines, 
are  several  peculiar  elevations  called  Mounds.  West  of  the  Wis 
consin  river,  are  a  range  of  high  hills,  being  the  only  elevations 
in  the  State,  either  deserving  or  assuming  the  dignity  of  moun 
tains.  The  southeastern  portion  of  the  State  is  marked  by  ra 
vines  at  the  streams  but  little  depressed  below  the  surrounding 
level.  Its  prominent  features  are  the  Prairie,  destitute  of  tree 
or  shrub,  covered  only  by  a  luxuriant  growth  of  grass,  inter 
spersed  with  flowers  of  every  hue  ;  the  Oak  Opening  ;  the  Lake  ; 
the  woodland,  on  the  border  of  streams,  and  the  natural  meadow. 
Proceeding  north,  to  the  Fox  and  Wisconsin  rivers,  and  Green 
Bay,  the  timber  increases,  and  the  soil  gradually  changes  from 
the  vegetable  mould  of  the  prairie  to  a  sandy  loam.  The  sur- 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  11 

face  also  becomes  somewhat  depressed  and  uneven,  diversified 
with  timber,  rolling  prairie,  large  marshes  and  extensive  swamps, 
having  an  abundant  growth  of  cranberries  and  wild  rice.  Still 
north,  and  west,  the  surface  becomes  more  uneven,  and  the 
streams  rapid,  affording  an  abundance  of  water  power  for  the 
manufacture  of  lumber  from  the  immense  forests  of  evergreen, 
scarcely  surpassed  on  the  western  continent. 

The  soil  of  the  prairie  consists  of  a  dark  brown  vegetable 
mould,-  from  one  to  two  feet  in  depth,  very  mellow,  and  entirely 
destitute  of  stone  or  gravel,  and  for  fertility  and  agricultural 
properties,  cannot  be  surpassed.  The  sub-soil  is  a  clayish  loam, 
similar  to  the  soil  of  the  timbered  lands,  and  is  also  suitable  for 
cultivation.  The  soil  of  the  timbered  land  is  less  rich  than  the 
prairie,  not  so  deep,  and  contains  le^s  carbonate  of  lime,  which 
enters  into  the  composition  of  the  latter  in  the  proportion  of 
from  20  to  40  per  cent.  The  mining  region,  unlike  that  of  any 
other  mineral  district,  promises  a  liberal  reward,  as  well  to  the 
farmer  as  to  the  miner.  The  soil  of  the  evergreen  district  is 
mostly  sandy,  and  not  so  rich  as  in  other  portions  of  the  State. 
It  is  nevertheless,  well  adapted  to  agriculture  and  grazing. 

The  prairies  of  Wisconsin  are  not  so  extensive  as  those  of  other 
states,  and  are  so  skirted  and  belted  by  timber,  that  they  are  well 
adapted  to  immediate  and  profitable  occupation. 

The  openings,  which  comprise  a  large  portion  of  the  finest  land 
of  the  State,  owe  their  present  condition  to  the  action  of  the  an 
nual  fires  which  have  kept  under  all  other  forest  growth,  except 
those  varieties  of  oak  which  can  withstand  the  sweep  of  that 
element. 

This  annual  burning  of  an  exuberant  growth  of  grasses  and  of 
under-brush,  has  been  adding,  perhaps  for  ages,  to  the  productive 
power  of  the  soil,  and  preparing  it  for  the  plough-share. 

It  i&  the  great  fact,  nature  has  thus  "  cleared  up"  Wisconsin  to 
the  hand  of  the  settler,  and  enriched  it  by  yearly  burnings,  and 
has  at  the  same  time  left  sufficient  timber  on  the  ground  for  fence 
and  firewood,  that  explains,  in  a  great  measure,  the  capacity  it  has 


12  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

exhibited,  and  is  now  exhibiting  for  rapid  settlement  and  early 
maturity. 

There  is  another  fact  important  to  be  noticed  in  this  connection. 
The  low  level  prairie,  or  natural  meadow,  of  moderate  extent,  is 
BO  generally  distributed  over  the  face  of  the  country,  that  the 
settler  on  a  fine  section  of  arable  land,  finds  on  his  own  farm, 
or  in  his  immediate  neighborhood,  abundant  pasturage  for  his 
stock  in  summer,  on  the  open  range ;  and  hay  for  the  winter,  for 
the  cutting — the  bounty  of  Nature  supplying  his  need  in  this  be 
half,  till  the  cultivated  grasses  may  be  introduced  and  become 
sufficient  for  his  use. 

The  limestone,  underlying  the  coal  fields  of  Illinois,  forms  the 
immediate  basis  of  the  alluvion  of  Southern  Wisconsin.  This 
geological  district,  in  addition  to  that  portion  of  the  State  which 
lies  southerly  of  the  valley  of  the  Wisconsin  river,  comprises  the 
whole  of  the  slope  towards  Lake  Michigan. 

In  many  portions  of  this  district,  the  lime  rock  disappears,  and 
the  out-cropping  sand  stone  furnishes  a  fine  material  for  building. 

The  lead  bearing  rock  of  the  mineral  region,  is  a  porous  lirne 
stone,  prevailing  throughout  Grant,  Lafayette  and  Iowa  Coun 
ties,  comprising  four-fifths  of  the  u  Lead  District"  of  the  upper 
Mississippi ;  the  remaining  one  fifth  being  in  the  States  of  Illi 
nois  and  Iowa. 

Deposites  of  Iron  ore,  water  lime  stone,  and  beds  of  Gypsum, 
together  with  other  varieties  of  minerals,  are  found  in  localities 
more  or  le-s  numerous,  throughout  the  lime  stone  region. 

All  of  that  section  of  the  State,  which  lies  between  Lake  Supe 
rior  on  the  North,  and  the  falls  of  St.  Anthony  on  the  Missis 
sippi,  and  the  falls  of  the  other  rivers  flowing  southerly,  is  primi 
tive  in  its  prevailing  geological  character ;  and  it  is  within  this 
primitive  region,  that  the  copper  mines  of  Lake  Superior  are 
found — probably  the  richest  in  the  world,  and  apparently  inex 
haustible. 

In  all  that  portion  of  the  State,  lying  between  the  primitive 
region  just  described,  and  the  lime  stone  formation  of  the  South 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  13' 

and  East,  the  transition  sand  stone  prevails  ;  interspersed  with 
lime  stone,  and  more  sparsely,  with  rock  of  a  primitive  character. 
This  formation  comprises  that  section  of  the  country  drained  by 
the  Wisconsin  and  other  rivers  tributary  to  the  upper  Mississippi, 
and  below  the  falls  of  those  streams.  Within  this  Geological 
District,  are  found  quarries  of  white  marble,  which  promise  to  be 
abundant  and  valuable. 

ANTIQUITIES. — The  mounds  and  antiquities  of  this  State  are 
similar  to  those  in  other  Western  States.  I.  A.  LAPHAM,  Esq., 
who  has  made  this  subject  his  study  for  several  years,  in  speak 
ing  of  them  in  his  work  on  the  Geography  and  Topography  of 
Wisconsin,  says  : 

"Wisconsin  does  not  fall  behind  the  other  portions  of  the 
western  country  in  the  monuments  it  affords  of  the  existence  of 
an  ancient  people  who  once  inhabited  J^orth  America,  but  of 
whom  nothing  is  known  except  what  can  be  gathered  from  some 
of  the  results  of  their  labors.  The  works  at  Aztalan,  in  Jefferson 
County,  are  most  known  and  visited,  but  there  are  many  other 
localities  which  are  said  to  equal  them  in  interest  and  importance. 
The  substance  called  brick  at  this  place,  is  evidently  burned 
clay,  showing  marks  of  having  been  mixed  with  straw,  but  they 
were  not  moulded  into  regular  forms.  There  is  a  class  of  ancient 
earth-works  in  Wisconsin,  not  before  found  in  any  other  country, 
being  made  to  represent  quadrupeds,  birds,  reptiles,  and  even  the 
human  form.  These  representations  are  rather  rude,  and  it  is 
often  difficult  to  decide  for  what  species  of  animal  they  are  inten 
ded  ;  but  the  effects  of  time  may  have  modified  their  appearance 
very  much  since  they  were  originally  formed.  Some  have  a 
resemblance  to  the  buffalo,  the  eagle,  or  crane,  or  to  the  turtle  or 
lizard.  One  representing  the  human  form,  near  the  Blue  Mounds, 
is,  according  to  R.  C.  TAYLOR,  Esq.,  one  hundred  and  twenty  feet 
in  length :  it  lies  in  an  east  and  west  direction,  the  head  towards 
the  west,  with  the  arms  and  legs  extended.  The  body  or  trunk 
is  thirty  feet  in  breadth,  the  head  twenty-five,  and  its  elevation 


14:  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

above  the  general  surface  of  the  prairie  is  about  six  feet.  Its 
conformation  is  so  distinct  that  there  can  be  no  possibility  of 
mistake  in  assigning  it  to  the  human  figure.*  A  mound  at  Prai- 
rieville,  representing  a  turtle,  is  about  five  feet  high ;  the  body  is 
fifty-six  feet  in  length ;  it  represents  the  animal  with  its  legs 
extended,  and  its  feet  turned  backwards.  It  is  to  be  regretted 
that  this  interesting  mound  is  now  nearly  destroyed.  The  ancient 
works  are  found  in  all  parts  of  the  Territory,  but  are  most  abun 
dant  at  Aztalan,  on  Rock  river,  near  the  Blue  Mounds,  along  the 
Wisconsin,  the  Neenah  and  the  Pishtaka  rivers,  and  near  Lake 
Winnebago. 

"The  mounds  are  generally  scattered  about  without  any  appa 
rent  order  or  arrangement,  but  are  occasionally  arranged  in 
irregular  rows,  the  animals  appearing  as  if  drawn  up  in  a  line 
of  march.  An  instance  of  this  kind  is  seen  near  the  road  seven 
miles  east  from  the  Blue  Mounds,  in  Iowa  County.  At  one  place 
near  the  Four  Lakes,  it  is  said  that  one  hundred  tumuli,  of  various 
shapes  and  dimensions,  may  be  counted — those  representing  ani 
mals  being  among  others  that  are  round  or  oblong. 

"Fragments  of  ancient  pottery  of  a  very  rude  kind  are  often 
found  in  various  localities.  They  were  formed  by  hand,  or 
moulded,  as  their  appearance  shows  evidently  that  these  vessels 
were  not  turned  on  a  'potter's  wheel.'  Parts  of  the  rim  of 
vessels  usually  ornamented  with  small  notches  or  figures,  are 
most  abundant. 

"  A  mound  is  said  to  have  been  discovered  near  Oassville,  on 
the  Mississippi,  which  is  supposed  to  represent  an  animal  having 
a  trunk  like  the  elephant,  or  the  now  extinct  Mastodon.  Should 
this  prove  true,  it  will  show  that  the  people  who  made  these 
animal  earthworks,  were  contemporaries  with  that  huge  monster 
whose  bones  are  still  occasionally  found ;  or  that  they  had  then 

*  The  reader  is  referred  to  the  "Notice  of  Indian  Mounds,  (fee.,  in  Wisconsin,"  in 
Silliman's  Journal,  vol.  34,  p.  88,  by  R.  C.  Taylor;  and  to  the  "  Description  of  Ancient 
Remains  in  Wisconsin,"  by  S.  Taylor,  vol.  44,  p.  21,  of  the  same  work,  for  more  de 
tailed  descriptions  and  drawings  of  these  interesting  animal  mounds. 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER.  15 

but  recently  emigrated  from  Asia,  and  had  not  lost  their  know 
ledge  of  the  elephant." 

CLIMATE  AND  HEALTH. — The  climate  of  Wisconsin  is  similar  to 
that  of  the  interior  and  western  counties  of  New- York.  The 
winters  for  the  past  four  years  have  for  the  most  been  mild,  and 
without  much  snow.  The  mean  temperature  of  nine  different 
localities  in  the  State,  in  1851,  was  45°  54'.  Mr.  Lapham,  in 
the  work  above  referred  to,  says  : 

"The  salubrity  of  the  climate,  the  purity  of  the  atmosphere, 
and  of  the  water,  which  is  usually  obtained  from  copious  living 
springs ;  the  coolness  and  short  duration  of  summer,  and  the  dry- 
ness  of  the  air  during  winter,  all  conspire  to  render  Wisconsin 
one  of  the  most  healthy  portions  of  the  United  States.  The  wet 
meadows,  marshes  and  swamps,  are  constantly  supplied  with 
pure  water  from  springs;  and  as  they  are  not  exposed  during 
summer  to  a  'burning  heat,  they  do  not  send  forth  those  noxious 
and  deleterious  qualities  so  much  dreaded  in  more  southern  and 
less  favored  latitudes.  Many  of  our  most  flourishing  towns  and 
settlements  are  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  large  swamps,  and 
partially  overflown  meadows,  yet  no  injurious  effects  upon  the 
general  health  are  produced  by  them. 

It  has  usually  been  found,  in  making  new  settlements  in  the- 
western  wilderness,  that  as  the  forests  are  cleared  away  and  the 
surface  thereby  exposed  to  the  direct  influence  of  the  sun  and 
winds,  a  deleterious  effect  is  produced  on  the  general  health — the 
decaying  vegetable  matter  being  thus  suddenly  made  to  send 
forth  its  malarious  qualities.  But  in  Wisconsin  no  such  result  is 
apprehended,  or  can  be  produced,  for  a  large  proportion  of  the 
country  consists  of  oak  opening  and  prairie,  and  may  therefore 
be  considered  as  already  cleared.  The  removal  of  the  few  re 
maining  "  burr  oaks  "  cannot  have  the  same  effect  upon  the  soil 
as  the  cutting  down  of  the  dense  forests  of  the  other  States. 

O 

And  besides  this,  the  fires  that  have  annually  raged  over  the  sur 
face,  often  kindled  purposely  by  the  Indians,  on  their  hunting 


16  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

excursions,  have  prevented  that  rapid  accumulation  of  vegetable 
matter  which  is  always  found  in  deep  shady  woods  where  the 
fires  do  not  so  often  penetrate. 

It  is  believed  that  the  facts  here  stated  will  be  sufficient  to  sat 
isfy  the  reader  of  the  truth  of  the  opinion  expressed  by  our  most 
intelligent  physicians,  that  Wisconsin  is,  and  will  continue  to  be, 
one  of  the  most  healthy  places  in  the  world." 

PRODUCTIONS. — The  productions  of  Wisconsin  may  be  divided 
into  four  classes,  the  Forest,  Animal,  Vegetable  and  Mineral. 
The  comparative  amount  belonging  to  each  will  be  shown  by 
the  statement  given  below,  which  is  mainly  compiled  from  the 
United  States  census  of  1850 : 

FOREST — 

Bales  furs  and  peltry 800 

Feet  sawed  lumber,  pine •- .  150,000,000 

Thousand  shingles ,.. 30,000 

Cubic  feet  timber 20,000,000 

Number  staves 10,000,000 

Cords  tan  bark 2,000 

Tons  ashes,  pot  and  pearl 25 

Pounds  maple  sugar 610,976 

Gallons  molasses 9,874 

Pounds  wax  and  honey 131,000 

Bushels  cranberries 2,000 

ANIMAL — 

Value  of  live  stock,  June,  1850 $4,879,385 

Number  of  horses 30,335 

milch  cows  and  cattle 183,434 

sheep 124,892 

swine 159.276 

Pounds  of  cheese 400,283 

butter 3,633,750 

wool 253,963 

fish 10,000 

Dozen  of  ege? 100,000 

Value  of  animals  slaughtered $920,178 


WISCONSIN  GAZETTEER.  17 

VEGETABLE — 

Bushels  wheat 4,286,131 

rye 81,253 

corn 1,98*979 

barley 209,602 

oats ---  3,414,672 

"        peas  and  beans 20,657 

potatoes,  Irish 1,402,077 

sweet 879 

Pounds  flax 100,000 

Bushels  flaxseed 6,000 

Pounds  hops 15,930 

"       tobacco 4,000 

Bushels  buckwheat 79,876 

"      grass  seed 3,000 

Tonshay 275,662 

Value  of  orchard  products $8,000 

"      garden  products,  market $32,142 

MINERAL —  ^ 

Pounds  lead 40,000,000 

"      copper  

Tons  of  iron..  5,000' 


The  amount  of  lead  shipped  from  Galena,  during  the  last  year 
was  40,000,000  pounds,  nine-tenths  of  which  was  raised  in  Wis 
consin.  Considerable  more  than  the  remaining  one-tenth  of  the 
amount  above  stated  has  been  shipped  from  ports  in  this  State, 
from  which  it  will  be  seen  that  this  estimate  is  small. 

To  the  practical  miner,  as  capitalist  or  operative,  the  lead  region 
of  the  Upper  Mississippi  offers  the  most  substantial  inducements 
to  settlement.  The  exceeding  abundance  and  richness  of  the 
mineral ;  the  comparative  ease  with  which  it  may  be  mined ;  and 
the  high  price  it  commands  the  moment  it  is  brought  to  the  sur 
face,  open  to  the  industrious  and  prudent  operator  a  highway  to 
wealth. 

New  leads  of  the  richest  promise,  have  been  recently  discovered 
in  the  mineral  district,  and  an  increasing  emigration  to  that  sec 
tion  of  the  State,  promises  to  replace  the  California  draft,  and  to 
meet  the  growing  demand  for  the  mineral. 


18  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

The  steady  advance  in  the  price  of  lead,  which  has  prevailed 
for  five  years  past,  is  indicative  of  a  gradual  but  decided  exten 
sion  of  its  uses  in  the  arts.  There  is  no  ground  for  apprehension 
that  the  supply  will  outrun  the  demand,  or  be  able  to  work  a 
reduction  of  the  wages  of  labor  and  profits  of  capital  in  this 
industrial  occupation,  for  some  years  to  come. 

The  copper  mines  of  Lake  Superior  are  of  established  celebrity 
throughout  the  world,  and  open  an  inviting  field  for  enterprise. 
The  mining  interest  in  that  region  is  fast  losing  its  character  of 
adventure,  and  is  attracting  the  attention  of  the  prudent  capitalist 
and  the  practical  miner,  as  a  remunerative  branch  of  business. 

The  iron  mines  of  Wisconsin  have  not  yet  been  opened  to  any 
extent,  but  are  worthy  1  he  attention  of  the  immigrant.  There  are 
rich  localities  of  ore  near  the  head  waters  of  the  Rock,  and  on  the 
Upper  Mississippi  and  its  branches. 

The  following  statement  exhibits  the  shipment  of  lead  from 
•Galena  from  the  year  1811  to  1852  inclusive,  and  the  value  of 
the  same  at  four  dollars  per  hundred  weight: 

Years.  Number  of  Pounds.  Value. 

1841 29,749 ,909 $1,189,996 

1842 29,424,329... 1,176,973 

1843 36,878  797 . .  1,475,151 

1844 41 ,036,293 1 ,64 1,45 1 

1845. 51,144,822 2,045,792 

1846 48,007,938 1,920,317 

1847 50,999,303 2,039,972 

1848 49,783,737 1,991,349 

1849 45,985,839 1,839,433 

1850 41,485,900 1,659,436 

1851 34,500,384 1,380,015 

1852 40,000,000 1,600,000 

Total  valuation  of  exports  at  the  ports  of  Kenosha,  Racine,  Milwaukee, 
Port  Washington,  Sheboygan,  Mauitowoc  and  Green  Bay,  for  1851 2,079,060 

Total  valuation  of  lead  exported  in  1851 1,380,015 

Total  exports $3,459,075 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER.  *19 

There  are  also  large  quantities  of  lead  shipped  at  different 
points  along  the  Wisconsin  and  Mississippi  rivers,  the  precise 
amount  of  which  no  data  has  been  iurnished  upon  which  an  in 
telligent  estimate  can  be  made. 

In  reviewing  the  foregoing  statement,  it  should  be  recollected 
that  "Wisconsin  is  rapidly  increasing,  not  only  in  population  and 
wealth,  but  in  the  amount  and  quality  of  its  resources,  manufac 
tures  and  products. 

MANUFACTURES. — The  richness  of  the  soil  of  Wisconsin,  and  its 
ability  to  produce  in  abundance  all  kinds  of  grain,  as  well  as  the 
facility  by  which  the  lands  are  brought  under  subjection,  create 
a  permanent  demand  for  all  kinds  of  agricultural  implements  and 
mechanical  labor.  Architectural  elegance  in  public  and  private 
buildings,  and  elaborate  perfection  in  complicated  machinery,  is 
not  to  be  expected  in  new  settlements;  but  many  of  them  in 
Wisconsin  compare  favorably  with  those  of  the  older  States. 
The  rapid  growth  of  towns,  and  the  great  influx  of  farmers  with 
their  families,  create  a  necessity  for  temporary  buildings,  soon  to 
be  superseded  by  comfortable  dwellings  and  outhouses ;  and  give 
constant  employ  for  the  mason,  the  carpenter,  and  all  other 
mechanics.  The  immense  flouring  mills  of  the  State  already  in 
operation,  as  well  as  those  in  progress  of  erection,  provide  labor 
for  the  millwright  and  machinist,  and  furnish  not  only  their 
respective  vicinities  with  all  kinds  of  mill  stuff,  but  more  than 
100,000  barrels  of  flour  annually  fur  exportation. 

To  the  lumberman,  the  pineries  of  Wisconsin  present  induce 
ments  for  investment  and  settlement,  which  can  be  hardly  over 
rated.  That  of  the  Upper  Wisconsin  and  its  tributaries  is  the 
most  extensive ;  and  distinguished  still  more  for  the  fine  quality, 
than  the  inexhaustible  quantities  of  its  timber.  The  other  local 
ities  of  the  white  pine  and  other  evergreens,  are  mainly  on  the 
Wolf,  the  great  northern  affluent  of  the  Fox,  the  tributaries  of 
Green  Bay,  and  on  the  La  Crosse,  the  Black,  Chippewa,  and  the 
St.  Oroix,  branches  of  the  Upper  Mississippi. 


20  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

The  rapids  of  these  streams  furnish  abundant  water  power  for 
the  manufacture  of  lumber,  and  on  the  annual  spring  rise,  and 
occasional  freshets  at  other  seasons  of  the  year,  the  yield  of 
the  mills  is  floated  from  the  "Wolf  into  Lake  Winnebago  and  the 
lower  Fox ;  and  from  most  of  the  other  streams  into  the  Mississippi. 

Scarcely  ten  years  have  elapsed  since  the  Alleghany  pine  of 
Western  !N"ew  York  and  Pennsylvania,  had  undisputed  possession 
of  the  market,  not  only  of  the  Ohio  Valley,  but  of  the  Mississippi 
and  its  tributaries,  above  New  Orleans,  at  which  point  it  competed 
with  the  lumber  of  Maine  and  New  Brunswick. 

The  course  of  the  lumber  trade  may  now  be  considered  as  per 
manently  changed.  The  pineries  of  Wisconsin  now  control,  and 
will  hold  exclusive  possession  of  the  market  of  the  valleys  of  the 
Mississippi  and  its  great  western  affluents. 

The  amount  of  pine  lumber  estimated  to  be  sawed  in  Wisconsin 
annually,  is  as  follows  : 

Black  River 15,000,000  *t.  Croix 20,000,000 

Chippewa 28,500,000  Wisconsin 58  500,000 

Green  Bay 21,000,000  Wolf 25,500,000 

Manitowoc 24,500,000 

Total  number  of  feet. .  . .  183,000,000 


Aside  from  the  manufacture  of  pine  lumber,  reaching  as  it  does 
nearly  400,000,000  feet  per  year,  saw  mills  driven  by  both  steam 
and  hydraulic  power,  are  now  in  operation  in  every  section  of 
the  State  where  timber  is  found,  and  large  quantities  of  oak 
scantling  and  plank,  and  bass  wood  siding  and  lath,  are  yearly 
manufactured. 

Considerable  attention  has  of  late  been  paid  to  the  raising  and 
culture  of  flax,  and  this  has  caused  the  necessity  of  oil  mill>,  and 
machinery  for  breaking  and  manufacturing  the  straw  into  dressed 
flax. 

Scattered  over  the  State  in  different  localities,  are  manufactures 
of  various  kinds,  which  are  rapidly  increasing  both  in  number 
and  respectability.  Woollen,  flax  and  cotton  mills  will  soon  be 
come  fixed  facts  in  Wisconsin.  The  raw  material  for  the  two 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER.  21 

former  will  be  among  the  more  profitable  home  productions  of 
her  agriculture,  while  the  supply  of  cotton  will,  through  the 
channel  of  the  Mississippi,  be  more  direct,  safe,  and  easy,  than  by 
sea  to  towns  on  the  Atlantic  border.  Geveral  paper  mills  are  now 
in  operation,  and  more  than  300,000  pounds  of  paper  was  made 
in  the  State  during  the  year  1852.  For  all  of  these  operations 
there  are  abundant  water  powers  in  suitable  localities. 

The  great  number  of  railroads,  in  progress  of  construction  in 
Wisconsin,  have  directed  the  attention  of  capitalists  to  the  build 
ing  of  locomotives  and  other  railroad  fixtures. 

During  the  past  year  more  than  100,000  pounds  of  shot  have 
been  made  in  this  State.  For  the  year  ending  June  1850,  over 
130,000  bushels  of  grain  was  manufactured  into  spirituous  and 
malt  liquors  ;  of  the  former  there  was  made  127,000  gallons,  and 
of  the  latter  31,300  bbls.  During  the  same  period,  14,900  skins 
and  59,000  sides  of  leather  were  tanned  The  value  of  agricul 
tural  implements  was  estimated  at  §1,641,568  ;  fourteen  hundred 
tons  of  iron  cast  and  1000  tons  of  pig  iron  made;  134,200  pounds 
of  wool  was  manufactured  into  cloth. 

TRADE. — Bordered  on  three  sides  by  navigable  waters,  every 
portion  of  the  State  has  easy  access  to  the  ocean,  and  a  complete 
command  of  the  eastern  and  southern  markets,  which  command 
will  be  greatly  increased  by  the  completion  of  the  several  rail 
roads  in  progress  of  construction  in  this  State.  The  small  sums 
for  which  these  can  be  built,  owing  to  the  uniformity  of  the  sur 
face  and  easy  grade,  which  will  also  permit  their  construction  to 
any  desired  point,  together  with  the  rapidity  of  transit  upon  them 
and  their  superiority  in  every  respect  over  water  conveyance  for 
passengers  and  light  freight,  must  bring  them  in  successful  com 
petition  with  the  lake  and  river  business,  and  ultimately  super 
sede  it.  Trade,  then,  instead  of  following  arbitrary  lines  wrill  run 
where  business  requires.  The  location  of  important  depots  of 
trade  and  market  towns  will  also  conform  to  the  same  necessity, 
and  will  consequently  be  built  at  the  great  central  points  of  pro- ' 
duction. 

3 


22  WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER. 

EDUCATION.— The  bounty  of  congress  has  set  apart  the  16th 
section  of  every  township  in  the  State  for  the  support  and  main 
tenance  of  common  schools.  From  this  source,  nearly  1,000,000 
acres  will  accrue  to  the  State,  the  proceeds  of  the  sales  of  which 
are  to  constitute  a  permanent  fund,  the  income  of  which  is  to  be 
annually  devoted  to  the  great  purpose  of  the  grant. 

This  magnificent  foundation  has  been  widely  enlarged  by  con 
stitutional  provisions,  giving  the  same  direction  to  the  donation 
of  five  hundred  thousand  acres,  under  the  act  of  1841,  and  the 
five  per  cent,  reserved  on  all  sales  of  Government  lands  within 
the  State.  The  donations  for  educational  purposes  to  the  State 
have  now  reached  1,004,728  acres.  A  still  larger  addition  will 
accrue  from  the  grant  of  the  swamp  and  overflowed  lands,  which 
the  settlement  of  the  country,  the  lapse  of  time,  and  easy  pro 
cesses  of  reclamation,  will  convert  into  the  best  meadow  land  in 
the  world,  and  a  large  portion,  ultimately,  into  arable.  It  is 
estimated  that  this  grant  will  amount  to  5,000,000  acres,  of 
which  the  selection  of  1,259,269  acres  has  already  been  approved. 

For  the  support  of  a  State  University,  seventy-two  sections  of 
choice  land,  comprising  46,080  acres,  have  been  already  granted, 
and  it  is  not  improbable  that  this  provision  may  be  also  enlarged 
by  subsequent  grants.  If  these  trusts  are  administered  with 
ordinary  wisdom,  the  educational  funds  of  Wisconsin,  cannot 
be  less,  ultimately,  than  $3,000,000,  and  may  reach  $5,000,000. 

The  University  is  already  chartered  and  in  successful  operation. 
The  school  system  has  been  wisely  designed,  and  the  progress  of 
organization,  under  the  law,  keeps  pace  with  the  progress  of 
settlement.  There  are  already  not  far  from  3,000  school  districts 
in  the  State. 

The  system  contemplates,  by  the  introduction  of  union  schools, 
to  extend  academic  instruction  to  each  town  in  the  State. 

In  addition  to  this  munificent  public  provision  for  common  and 
liberal  education,  there  are,  in  different  parts  of  the  State,  educa 
tional  incorporations,  both  academic  and  collegiate,  founded  on 
private  subscriptions.  The  most  promising  of  these  are  the 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEEE. 


23 


College  at  Eeloit,  well  endowed,  and  in  successful  operation  :  and 
similar  Institutions  at  Milwaukee,  Racine  and  Waukesha  in 
Eastern  "Wisconsin,  and  at  Appleton,  in  the  North. 

Indeed,  in  none  of  the  new  States,  even  in  the  Northwest,  will 
the  means  of  education  be  more  ample ;  and  in  none  is  there  a 
more  rational  appreciation  of  the  importance  of  this  paramount 
public  interest. 

In  "Wisconsin,  as  in  the  other  States  of  the  Union,  there  is,  and 
ever  will  be,  an  entire  freedom  of  ecclesiastical  organization,  and 
an  equal  protection  of  every  religious  institution  and  arrangement, 
conservative  of  good  morals,  and  protective  of  the  highest  and 
most  enduring  interests  of  man. 

In  consideration  of  all  these  elements  of  prosperity,  economical 
and  social,  such  as  have  never,  till  now,  gathered  around  the 
opening  career  of  a  new  political  community,  there  is  little  ground 
for  wonder  that  the  early  srowth  of  Wisconsin  has  been  without 
a  parallel  in  the  history  of  States  ;  and  it  may  be  very  safely 
assumed,  that  the  advent  of  men  and  capital  to  that  favored 
portion  of  the  Northwest,  will  continue,  in  increasing  volume,  for 
many  years  to  come. 

University  Lands. — The  following  statement  shows  the  coun 
ties  in  which  the  lands  granted  by  Congress  to  the  University 
of  the  State  of  Wisconsin,  comprising  two  townships,  or  seventy- 
two  sections,  are  located  : 


Counties  where  located.            Acres. 
In  Waushara  county,                               640 

Counties  ivhere  located. 
In  Jefferson  county 

Acres. 
9  720 

In  Walworth       "       

1,280 

In  Dod^e             " 

2960 

In  Raciue             " 

640 

In  Fond  du  Luc  " 

0400 

In  Rock                "       

2,560 

In  \Vinnebago    ' 

3239 

In  Columbia         "       

2240 

In  Calumet         " 

1  920 

In  Dane                " 

.  4320 

In  Manitowoc     " 

1  700 

In  Green               " 

4160 

In  Richland        " 

2560 

In  Lafayette        "       

.......  5,920 

In  Washington  " 

640 

In  lo-wa                " 

.  2,320 

In  other  con  u  ties 

..13.880 

46,080 


24: 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER. 


These  lands  are  being  offered  for  sale  at  their  appraised  value, 
at  the  office  of  the  State  Treasurer,  'in  Madison ;  ten  per  cent, 
being  required  in  advance,  and  the  interest  at  seven  per  cent,  in 
advance,  annually,  on  the  balance,  upon  which  ten  years  time  is 
given. 

School  Lands. — The  following  table  exhibits  so  much  of  the 
sixteenth  sections  as  have  been  appraised,  and  are  now  for  sale  on 
the  same  terms  and  at  the  same  place  as  University  Lands : 


Counties  where  located.            Acres. 

Counties  where  located.             Acres. 

In  Adams  county  .  .  . 

24,320 

In  Marquette  county  

9,960 

In  Bad  Ax      "      ... 

26,640 

In  Marathon        "     

25,600 

In  Brown         " 

3,200 

In  Milwaukee     "     

5,120 

In  Calumet      " 

6,400 

In  Outagamie      "     

13,800 

In  Chmpewa    "       .  . 

..45,440 

In  Portage          "     .... 

28,800 

In  Columbia     " 

14,080 

In  Racine            "     

7,040 

In  Crawford      " 

8,960 

In  Richland        "     

10,240 

In  Dane            "       .. 

21,760 

In  Rock              "     

12,800 

In  Dodge 

22,400 

InSauk              "     

17,280 

InFondduLac" 

13,440 

In  Sheboygan    "     

9,600 

In  Grant            "      ... 

....19,840 

In  Wai  worth      "     

10,249 

In  Iowa             "      .  . 

16,000 

In  Washington  "     

12,140 

In  Green           " 

10,240 

In  Waukesha     "     

10,240 

In  Kenosha       " 

4,480 

InWaushara      "     

11.520 

In  Lafayette     " 

9,600 

In  Waupacca     "     

13,440 

In  La  Crosse     " 

73,600 

In  Wiunebago   "     

9,960 

1  0  880 

Total  .. 

.  539,060 

The  grant  of  section  16,  in  each  town,  by  Congress,  to  the  State  of  Wis 
consin,  for  Common  School  purposes,  estimated  upon  an  area  of  55,404  square 
miles,  the  one  thirty-sixth  part  of  which  is  1,539  square  miles  or  sections,  at 
640  acres  each,  amounts,  in  acres,  to 

Deduct  amount  already  offered  for  sale 


984,900 
539,060 


Leaving 445,900 


Nearly  all  of  which  is  yet  among  the  unsurveyed  lands  of  the  State. 

State  Lands. — The  following  lands  have  been  selected  as  a  part 
of  the  500,000  acres  granted  by  Congress  to  the  State  of  Wis 
consin,  and  located  in  the  following  counties,  to  wit : 


WISCONSIN  GAZETTEER.                                                  25 

Counties  where  located.            Acres.  Counties  wJiere  located.               Acres. 

In  Bad  Ax  county 41,806,86        In  La  Crosse  county 45,314,23 

In  Brown  "     10,773,35        In  Lafayette       "     15,475,02 

In  Calumet         "     1 28,027,84        In  Manitowoc     "      22,321,92 

In  Columbia      "     22,073,00        In  Outagamie     "      6,267,83 

In  Crawford       "     4,517,20         In  Ricliland        "      17,538,76 

In  Dane  "     16,700,96        In  Sank  "      12,396,18 

lu  Fond du  Lac"     320,00        In  St.  Croix        "     105,657,03 

In  Grant             "     6,024,68  Rock  Iliver  Canal  grant,  (Wau- 

In  Iowa              "     7,075,87  kesha  and  Jefferson  counties)  13,694,18 

Total..  .    375,994,99 


and  are  offered  by  the  State  for  sale,  at  the  same  place  as  school 
and  University  Lands,  on  a  credit  of  thirty  years,  at  prices 
varying  from  $1  25  to  $3  00  per  acre,  with  interest  at  seven  per 
cent  per  annum,  to  be  paid  annually  in  advance. 

By  the  reports  of  the  State  officers,  it  appears  that  the  capital 
of  the  school  fund,  December  31,  1852,  was  $819,200  50;  of 
which  amount  §681,931  71  was  due  from  sales  of  school  lands, 
§132,491  64  from -loans  made,  and  $4,776  15  then  in  the  treasury 
subject  to  loan.  The  interest  upon  this  sum,  at  seven  per  cent., 
amounts  to  sf> 7,274  03,  of  which  $56,128  31  was  paid  in  and 
apportioned  to  the  several  towns  in  this  State,  in  March  1853. 
The  whole  amount  of  money  raised  from  all  sources  was  $127,- 
718  42. 

The  Superintendent  reports  that  for  the  year  ending  August 
81st,  1852,  2,765  school  districts  and  parts  had  made  reports.  In 
the  districts  reported,  the  average  duration  of  schools  was  five  and 
a  half  months;  average  monthly  wages  of  male  teachers  $16  34; 
of  female  teachers  $8  52.  There  are  66  school  houses  of  brick, 
74  of  stone,  778  of  logs,  and  812  framed,  all  valued  at  $261,986  32. 
The  highest  valuation  of  any  school  house  is  $5,500,  and  the 
lowest  $1  5U. 

GOVERNMENT. — The  government  of  Wisconsin  does  not  differ 
essentially  from  that  of  the  other  States  of  the  Union — in  many 


26  WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER. 

respects  it  is  more  liberal.  The  qualification  for  electors  is,  one 
year's  residence  in  the  State  ;  and  this  applies  as  well  to  persons 
of  foreign  as  native  birth,  subject  only  to  the  limitation  that  they 
shall  have  declared  their  intentions  to  become  citizens,  comform- 
ably  to  the  laws  of  the  United  States,  on  the  subject  of  naturaliza 
tion.  No  distinction  can  be  made,  under  the  organic  law,  between 
aliens  and  citizens  in  reference  to  the  possession,  enjoyment,  or 
descent  of  property.  Imprisonment  for  debt  is  prohibited  by  the 
Constitution. 

The  legislative  power  is  vested  in  the  Senate  and  Assembly. 
The  Senate  consists  of  twenty-five  members,  who  hold  their  offices 
for  two  years,  and  are  chosen  from  single  districts.  Those  from 
the  odd  numbered  districts  being  chosen  one  year,  and  those  from 
the  even  numbered  the  next. 

The  Assembly  consists  of  eighty-two  members,  who  are  chosen 
annually,  and  hold  their  office  for  one  year. 

The  executive  power  is  vested  in  a  Governor,  who  is  elected 
by  a  plurality  of  votes,  and  holds  his  office  for  the  term  of  two 
years.  A  Lieutenant  Governor  is  chosen  at  the  same  time,  and  in 
the  same  manner.  The  usual  executive  powers  are  conferred 
upon  the  Governor ;  whose  salary  is  $1,250.  The  Lieutenant 
Governor  is  President  of  the  Senate,  and  receives  five  dollars  a 
day,  while  in  attendance,  and  the  same  mileage  as  members.  In 
certain  contingences  he  succeeds  to  the  duties  of  the  office  of 
Governor. 

The  administrative  powers  are  conferred  upon  the  Secretary  of 
State,  salary  §1,200;  State  Treasurer,  salary  $800;  Attorney 
General,  salary  §800  ;  and  State  Superintendent,  salary  §1,000. 
They  severally  hold  their  offices  for  two  years,  and  are  elected  at 
the  same  t;me  as  the  Governor. 

Several  offices  for  the  performance  of  special  duties  have  been 
established  by  law  since  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution. 

The  judicial  power  is  vested  in  a  Supreme  Court,  Circuit 
Courts,  County  Courts,  and  Justices  of  the  Peace. 

The  Supreme  Court,  with  few  exceptions,  has  appellate  juris- 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER.  27 

diction.  It  consists  of  one  Chief  Justice,  and  two  Associates, 
who  are  elected  by  the  people,  and  will  hereafter  be  chosen  for 
six  years.  [The  Judges  of  the  several  Circuit  Courts  have  here 
tofore  comprised  the  Supreme  Court.]  A  majority  of  the  Judges 
appoint  a  Clerk,  who  continues  during  their  pleasure.  This 
Court  has  two  terms  a  year  at  the  Capitol,  in  Madison.  The 
salary  of  each  of  the  Judges  is  §2,000. 

Circuit  Courts  have  original  jurisdiction  in  all  matters  civil 
and  criminal,  except  such  as  is  otherwise  provided,  and  an 
appellate  jurisdiction  from  all  inferior  Courts  and  tribunals.  The 
Judges  are  elected  by  districts,  holding  their  office  for  six  years, 
and  having  a  salary  of  §1 ,500.  Two  terms  of  this  Court  are  holden 
annually  in  each  county  organized  for  judicial  purposes  in  the  State. 
The  voters  of  any  county  so  organized,  elect  a  County  Judge, 
who  holds  his  office  for  four  years,  and  has  certain  civil,  original 
and  appellate  jurisdiction.  He  is  also  Judge  of  the  Probate 
Court  of  the  county. 

Four  Justices  of  the  Peace  are  elected  in  each  town,  two 
annually,  and  hold  their  offices  for  the  term  of  two  years ;  they 
possess  the  powers  usually  conferred  upon  such  officers. 

CIVIL  DIVISIONS. — The  State  of  Wisconsin  is  divided  into  forty- 
four  counties,  with  about  four  hundred  towns  ;  three  Congres 
sional  Districts,  and  six  Judicial  Circuits. 

Counties — Adams,  Bad  Ax,  Brown,  Calumet,  Chippewa,  Co 
lumbia,  Crawford,  Dane,  Dodge,  Door,  Fond  du  Lac,  Grant, 
Green,  Iowa,  Jackson,  Jefferson,  Kewaunee,  Kenosha,  La  Crosse, 
Lafayette,  La  Pointe,  Manitowoc,  Marathon,  Marquette,  Milwau 
kee,  Oconto,  Outagamie,  Ozaukee,  Pierce,  Polk,  Portage,  Eacine, 
Eichland,  Rock,  St.  Croix,  Sauk,  Shawana,  Sheboygan,  Wai- 
worth,  "Washington,  Waukesha,  Waupacca,  Wanshara  and  Win- 
nebago. 

Congressional  Districts. — 1st,  DANIEL  WELLS,  jr.,  member ; 
composed  of  the  Counties  of  Kenosha,  Milwaukee,  Eacine,  Wal- 
worth  and  Waukesha. 


28  WISCONSIN   GAZETTEEK. 

2d.  BEN  C.  EASTMAN,  member;  composed  of  the  counties  of 
Adams,  Bad  Ax,  Chippewa,  Crawford,  Dane,  Grant,  Green, 
Iowa,  Jackson,  La  Crosse,  Lafayette,  La  Pointe,  Marathon,  Pierce, 
Polk,  Portage,  Richland,  Rock,  St.  Croix  and  Sank. 

3d.  JOHN  B.  MACY,  member ;  composed  of  the  counties  of 
Brown,  Calumet,  Columbia,  Dodge,  Door,  Fond  du  Lac,  Jeifer- 
son,  Kewaunee,  Manitowoc,  Manpette,  Oconto,  Ozaukee,  Outa- 
gamie,  Shawana,  Sheboygan,  Washington,  Waupacca,  "Waushara 
and  Winnebago. 

Judicial  Circuits. — 1st.  Green,  Kenosha,  Racine,  Rock  and 
Walworth  counties. 

2d.  Dane,  Jefferson,  Milwaukee  and  Waukesha  counties. 

3d.  Adams,  Colombia,  Dodge,  Marathon,  Marquette,  Ozaukee, 
Portage,  Sank,  Waushara  and  "Washington  counties. 

4th.  Brown,  Calumet,  Door,*  Fond  du  Lac,  Kewaunee, *  Mani 
towoc,  Oconto,*  Outagamie,  Shawana,*  Sheboygan,  Waupacca 
and  Winnebago. 

5th.  Grant,  Iowa,  Lafayetto  and  Richland  counties. 

6th.  Bad  Ax,  Chippewa,*  Crawford,  Jackson,*  La  Crosse,  La 
Pointe,  Pierce,-'  Polk,*  and  St.  Croix  counties. 

IMPROVEMENTS. — Of  the  many  railroads  projected  and  chartered 
in  this  state,  several  are  already  under  contract  and  rapidly  pro 
gressing  to  completion.  Plank  roads  have  been  constructed  and 
are  now  in  progress,  connecting  most  of  the  leading  towns  of 
the  interior  with  each  other,  and  with  the  towns  on  the  lake 
shore.  A  large  grant  of  land  has  been  made  by  Congress  to  aid 
in  the  improvement  of  the  navigation  of  the  Fox  and  Wisconsin 
rivers,  and  to  connect  the  same  by  a  canal.  This  work  is  under 
the  immediate  supervision  of  a  board  of  Public  Works,  com 
prised  of  three  Commissioners,  and  a  Register  and  Treasurer,  who 
are  elected  yearly  by  the  legislature.  The  Governor  has  tlio 
general  control  and  supervision  of  the  work.  A  large  portion  of 

*  Not  organized  for  judicial  purposes. 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEEK.  29 

the  Improvement  is  let  out  by  contract,  while  some  parts  are 
carried  on  by  the  Commissioners.  This  work,  when  completed, 
will  open  steamboat  navigation  nearly  through  the  centre  of  the 
State  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  to  St.  Lawrence. 

The  construction  of  the  canal  cjid  the  improvement  of  the 
Lower  Fox,  has  been  under  contract  for  several  years,  but  owing 
to  various  causes  is  as  yet  unfinished. 

PUBLIC  LANDS. — By  a  pre-emption  law  passed  September,  1841, 
any  person  being  the  head  of  a  family,  widow,  or  single  man  over 
the  age  of  twenty-one  years,  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  or 
who  has  filed  declarations  to  become  so  under  the  naturalization 
laws,  who  makes  a  settlement  on  any  public  lands  in  person,  is 
entitled  to  enter,  at  the  minimum  price  of  $1  25  per  acre,  a 
quarter  section,  of  160  acres,  or  a  less  legal  subdivision,  at  the 
district  land  office.  Lands  not  entered  by  pre-emption  are  offered 
for  sale,  previous  to  which  no  person  not  having  a  pre-emption 
claim  can  purchase. 

There  has  been  granted  to  Wisconsin,  by  the  General  Govern 
ment,  for  various  purposes,  the  following  amounts  of  public 
lands : 

Improvements 858,400  acres. 

Individuals  and  Companies 5,705  " 

Public  Buildings 6,400  " 

Salines 46,400  " 

Educational  purposes 1,004,728  " 

Swamp  Lands 1,259,269  " 

There  is  still  undisposed  of 24,506,295  " 

Public  lands  are  laid  out  by  the  rectangular  system  of  surveys 
adopted  for  the  first  time  in  1785,  by  the  United  States,  and 
are  so  simple  that  the  position  of  any  surveyed  section  or  town 
ship  is  known  at  once,  by  observing  the  letters  and  figures  applied 
to  each.  Each  township  of  six  miles  has  a  number  different 
from  every  other ;  and  to  follow  the  directions  here  given,  it  is 
only  necessary  to  take  the  meridian  as  a  straight  line,  extending 
due  north  and  south,  when  reckoning  east  or  west ;  and  the  base 


30 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 


extending  due  east  and  west,  when  reckoning  north  or  south. 
Commencing  at  the  base  line,  (which,  in  Wisconsin,  is  the  south 
line  of  the  State,)  every  six  miles  numbering  to  the  north  is  called 
a  town,  and  is  numbered  town  one,  town  two,  town  three,  &c. 
Commencing  at  the  meridian,  (which  is  the  line  separating  Grant 
from  Iowa  and  Lafayette  counties,)  every  six  miles  is  called  a 
range,  and  is  numbered  range  one  east,  range  two  east,  or  range 
one  west,  <fec.,  as  the  case  may  be.  It  will  be  seen  that  this 
system  divides  the  whole  surface  of  the  country  into  squares  of 
six  miles  square,  or  thirty  six  square  miles  each.  These  squares 
are  townships,  and  the  figures  are  applied  as  follows :  Madison 
is  in  town  7  X.,  range  9  E. ;  Fond  du  Lac,  in  town  15  N\,  range 
17  E. ;  Lancaster,  in  town  4  X.,  range  3  "W. ;  Hudson,  in  town 
29  K,  range  19  W.,  &c.  Townships  are  divided  into  thirty-six 
squares  of  one  mile  each,  called  sections,  and  numbered  as 
follows : 


6 

5 

4 

3 

2 

1 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

School 

18 

17 

16 

15 

14 

13 

Section 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

30 

29 

28 

27 

26 

25 

31 

32 

33 

34 

35 

36 

WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER. 


31 


Each  section  contains  040  ares  of  land,  and  is  divided  into  four 
equal  parts,  called  quarters,  by  a  line  through,  the  centre  each 
way,  each  quarter  consequently  containing  160  acres,  thus : 


1ST.  TV.  qr. 


E.  qr. 


S.  TV.  qr. 


S.  E.  qr. 


Each  quarter  is  again  subdivided  into  four  equal  parts,  after  the 
manner  of  the  division  of  sections,  each  subdivision  containing 
40  acres: 


K  "W.  qr.  of 
K  TV.  qr. 

]ST.  E.  qr.  of 
K  TV.  qr. 

JST.  TV.  qr.  of 
!ST.  E.  qr. 

KE.  qr.  of 

X.  E.  qr. 

S.  TV.  qr.  of 
K  W.  qr. 

S.  E.  qr.  of 
K  TV.  qr. 

S.  TV.  qr.  of 
K  E.  qr. 

S.  E.  qr.  of 
K  E.  qr. 

K  W.  qr.  of 
S.  W.  qr. 

K  E.  qr.  of 
S.  TV.  qr. 

KTV.  qr.  of 
S.  E.  qr. 

K  E.  qr.  of 
S.  E.  qr. 

S.  W.  qr.  of 
S.  TV.  qr. 

S.  E.  qr.  of 
S.  TV.  qr. 

S.  TV.  qr.  of 
S.  E.  qr. 

S.  E.  qr.  of 
S.  E.  qr. 

32  WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER. 

The  subdivisions  are  designated  as  quarters  of  quarters,  thus 
the  northeast  40  acre  subdivision  is  known  as  the  N".  E.  qr.  of 
the  E".  E.  qr.  Madison  is  situated  at  the  corners  of  sections  13, 
14,  23  and  24 ;  it  is  therefore  on  the  S.  W.  qr.  of  sec.  13,  S.  E.  qr. 
of  sec.  14,  K  E.  qr.  of  sec.  23,  and  K  W.  qr.  of  sec.  24. 

MISCELLANEOUS. — The  District  Court  of  the  United  States  for 
the  district  of  Wisconsin,  ANDREW  G.  MILLER,  Judge,  holds  one 
term  at  Madison,  and  one  at  Milwaukee,  annually. 

HENRY  DODGE,  of  Dodgeville,  Iowa  county,  and  ISAAC  P. 
WALKER,  of  Milwaukee,  are  United  States  Senators  in  Congress, 
from  Wisconsin. 

The  following  are  the  officers  of  the  Wisconsin  Militia : 

LEONARD  J.  FARWELL,  Commander-in-Chief,  Madison. 

BENJ.  F.  HOPKINS,  Madison,  C.  C.  WASHBURNE,  Mineral  Point, 
COLES  BASHFORD,  Oshkosh,  CHARLES  CLEMENT,  Kenosha,  Gover 
nor's  Aids. 

WILLIAM  L.  UTLEY,  Racine,  Adjutant  General,  salary  $300  J 
DAVID  ATWOOD,  Madison,  Quarter-Master  General;  JAMES  B. 
MARTIN,  Milwaukee,  Pay-Master  General ;  JAMES  RICHARDSON, 
Madison,  Commissary  General;  JOHN  W,  HUNT,  M.  D.,  Madison, 
Surgeon  General ;  !N".  BISHOP  EDDY,  Madison,  Judge  Advocate 
General;  WILLIAM  DUDLEY,  Madison,  Military  Secretary. 

ANDREW  PROUDFIT,  BENJAMIN  ALLEN  and  LUCAS  M.  MILLER, 
are  Commissioners;  R.  P.  EIGIIME,  Register,  and  JAMES  MURDOCK, 
Treasurer  of  the  Board  of  Public  Works. 

H.  S.  ORTON,  is  Private  Secretary  of  the  Governor,  also 
Reporter  of  the  Supreme  Court.  WILLIAM  DUDLEY,  State  Libra 
rian. 

The  following  are  the  names  of  members  of  the  Legislature: 
Senators  ~by  Districts. — 1st.  H.  !N".  Smith  ;  2d.  James.  S.  Alban ; 

3d.  A.  M.  Blair;  4th.  B.  S.  Weil;    5th.  E.  M.  Hunter;    6th.  D. 

C.  Reed ;  Yth.  J.  W.  Cary ;    8th.  J.  R.  Sharpstein ;  9th.  Geo.  R. 

McLane;  10th.  M.  H.  Bovee;  llth.  T.  T.  Whittlesey;  12th.  E. 

Wakeley;  13th.  Charles  Dunn;  14th.  Alva  Stewart;  15th.  Levi 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER.  S3 

Sterling;  16tli.  Joel  C.  Squires;  17th.  Ezra  Miller;  18th.  J.  K. 
Briggs,  Jr.;  19th.  Benjamin  Allen  ;  20th.  Bertine  Pinckney  ;  21st. 
Coles  Bashford ;  22d.  Judson  Prentice ;  23d.  David  S.  Yittum ; 
24th.  Tlios.  S.  Bowen ;  25th.  James  T.  Lewis. 

Timothy  Burns,  President.     John  K.  Williams,  Chief  Clerk. 

Members  of  Assembly  ~by  Counties. — Adams  and  Sank — Charles 
Armstrong. 

Brown,  Kewaunee  and  Door — Randall  Wilcox. 

Bad  Ax  and  Crawford— II.  A.  Wright. 

Calumet — J.  Robinson. 

Chippewa  and  La  Crosse — A.  D.  La  Due. 

Columbia — O.  D.  Coleman  and  J.  Q.  Adams. 

Dane— Matthew  Roche,  II.  Barnes,  II.  L.  Foster,  P.  C.  Bur- 
dick  and  S.  W.  Field. 

Dodge— Whitman  Sayles,  W.  M.  Dennis,  P.  Kelly,  John  W. 
Davis,  Edwin  Ilillyer  and  E.  X.  Foster. 

Fond  du  Lac — J.  S.  Tallmadge,  Charles  D.  Gage,  Querin 
Loehr  and  ]ST.  M.  Donaldson. 

Grant— J.  E.  Dodge,  J.  A.  Barber,  H.  E.  Block,  II.  D.  York 
and  T.  Hayes. 

Green — Thomas  Fenton. 

Iowa— II.  Madden  and  P.  W.  Thomas. 

Jefferson — Patrick  Rogan,  W.  W.  Woodman,  D.  Powers,  J. 
E.  Holmes  and  J.  II.  Ostrander. 

Kenosha — J.  McKisson  and  C.  L.  Sholes. 

Lafayette — Eli  Robinson,  P.  B.  Simpson  and  Nathan  Olmstead. 

Marquette  and  Waushara — Ezra  Wheeler. 

Marqnette — E.  B.  Kelsey. 

Milwaukee — H.  Haertel,  E.  McGarry,  II.  L.  Palmer,  Richard 
Carlile,  II.  C.  West,  J.  Meyer,  J.  H.  Tweedy,  W.  A.  Hawkins, 
and  E.  Chase. 

Manitowoc — E.  Ricker. 

Outagamie,  Waupacca  and  Oconto — A.  Resley. 

Portage— G.  W.  Cate. 

Racine— H.  T.  Sanders,  W.  H.  Roe,  T.  West  and  P.  Belden. 


34  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

Richland — Henry  Conner. 

Kock — C.  Stevens,  H.  Stebbiiis,  W.  D.  Murray,  and  H. 
Holmes. 

Slieboygan — C.  B.  Coleman  and  D.  Taylor. 

St.  Cruix  and  La  Pointe— O.  T.  Maxson. 

Walworth— John  Bell,  James  Lauderdale,  O.  T.  Bartlett,  T. 
H.  Fellows,  Joseph  W.  Scaver  and  T.  W.  Hill. 

"Washington — C.  E.  Chamberlin,  0.  Schutte,  W.  P.  Barnes  and 
J.  W.  Porter. 

Waukesha— Orson  Eeed,  E.  Lees,  "W.  D.  Bacon  and  E.  Pearl. 

"Winnebago — Curtis  Reed  and  Lucas  M.  Miller. 

Henry  L.  Palmer,  Speaker.     Thomas  McHugh,  Chief  Clerk. 

The  settlement  in  Wisconsin  at  the  organization  of  the  Terri 
torial  Government,  will  be  shown  by  the  following  statement  of 
the  number  of  votes  given  at  the  first  election  under  the  organic 
law,  in  1836 : 

Brown  County — Green  Bay,  118;  Howard,  32;  Mason,  (De- 
pere,)  34;  Slieboygan,  36  ;  Menomonee  river,  15;  Little  Butte 
des  Morts,  9 ;  Manitowoc,  20 ;  Portage  of  Fox  and  Wisconsin, 
61.— 325. 

Crawford  County — Prairie  da  Chien,  68.' — 68. 

Iowa  County — Elk  Grove,  28;  Tan  Buren,  (Potosi,)  97;  Dia 
mond  Inn,  35 ;  JSTew  Diggings,  77  ;  Platteville,.  90  ;  White  Oak- 
Springs,  106 ;  Hamilton,  (Wiota,)  61 ;  Ilardscrabble,  (Hazel 
Green,)  48;  Wingville,  57;  Gratiot's  Grove,  (Shullsburg,)  43; 
Mineral  Point,  226;  Menomonee,  (Jamestown,)  24;  New  Mexico, 
(Monroe,)  47  ;  Cassville,  150 ;  Paris,  12  ;  Belmont,  76  ;  Bois  Prai 
rie,  (Lancaster,)  18;  Dodgevillc,  90.— 1288. 

Milwaukee  County — Pike  River,  (near  Kenosha.)  108  ;  Mil 
waukee,  449  ;  Louis  Yieux,  (Waukesha,)  60 ;  Moses  Smith's, 
(Rochester,)  13 ;  Racine,  92 ;  Rock  River,  (Watertown,)  23 ; 
Upper  Fox  River,  (Waterford.)  25.— 781.  Total,  2,462. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 


35 


The  following  Table  shows  the  Census  of  Wisconsin,  from 
1825  to  1850. 


COUNTIES. 

1836.       1838. 

1840. 

1842. 

1846. 

1847. 

1850. 

Adams             

187 

Brown 

2706 

..   30481         2107          21461     "   2662          2914 

6223 

Calumet  
Chippewa 

275 

407)  836  ....1060 

....1746 
615 

Columbia 

.... 

l(Mi9           3791 

9565 

Crawford  
Dane  

Dod°"e 

....1220 

850L...1503 
172i  314 
18              T,7 

.    1449 
776 
.149 

....1444 
....8289 

7787 

1409 
...10935 
.     14905 

....2399 
...16654 
19140 

Fond  du  Lac  
Grant         .... 

]]!!2763 

139 
3926 

295 
5937 

....3544 
...12034 

....7459 
..   11720 

...14512 
...16169 

Green  

loWa 

3216 

494 
5234 

933 

3078 

1594 
5029 

4758 
14906 

6487 
7963 

8583 
10479 

Jefferson  
Kenosha 

463J  914 

....1638 

...8860 

...11464 

...15339 
...10730 
11556 

Lafayette 

9335 

Lapointe 

367 

595 

Manitowoc  
Marathon 





235 

263 

629 

....1285 

....3713 

466 

Marquette  
Milwaukee  
Portage 

.'."."2893 

....3131 

..18 
....5605 
1623 

59 
....9565 
646 

986 
...15922 
931 

....2261 
...22791 
1504 

....8642 
...31119 
1267 

Racine  



....2054 

....3475 

....6318 

...17983 

...19538 

...14971 
903 

Rock  

Saint  Croix 



1701 

....2867 

...12405 
1419 

..14720 
....1674 

...30717 
624 

Sank  

Sheboygan  



..102 
133 

393 
227 

....1003 
....1637 

....2178 
....5580 

....4372 

....8386 

Wai  worth                ' 

1019 

..  2611 

4618 

.13439 

15039 

1  7866 

64 

343 

.   965 

7473 

15447        19476 

"Waukesha  



"l35 



..143 

...13793 
732 

...15866 

2748 

...19324 
10167 

Wibnebaffo 

Total.. 

11,683       18,130 

30,945      44,478 

155,277 

210,546 

305.566 

From  the  above  census  return,  it  will  be  seen  that  the  popu 
lation  of  Wisconsin  has  increased  in  greater  ratio  than  any  other 
State  in  the  Union.  In  1825,  the  population  o»f  the  Territory 
was  only  1,444. 


An  Abstract  of  the  Census  Returns  of  the  Territory  of  the 
United  States,  from  1800  to  1850. 


STATES. 

1800. 

1810. 

1820. 

1830. 

1840. 

1850. 

Ohio 

4500 

.  230,000 
.  .  24,000 
.  .  12.000 

.  581,000 
.  147,000 
.  .  55,000 
.  .  .  8,000 

.  937,000 
.  353,000 
.  157,000 
..  31,000 

1,519,000 
.  685,000 
.  476,000 
.  212,000 
.  .  30.000 

.1,980,000 
.  .  988,000 
..  851,000 
.  .  397,000 
.  .  305.000 

Indiana  
Illinois  

.  .  .  4,000 

Michigan  

I  ...  4.000 

Wisconsin  .. 

36  WISCONSIN   GAZETTEEB. 

From  the  foregoing  table,  it  appears  that  the  greatest  ratio  of 
increase  of  Ohio  was,  from  1800  to  1810,  409  per  cent.;  Indiana, 
from  1810  to  1820,  506  per  cent.;  Illinois,  from  1810  to  1820,  350 
per  cent.;  Michigan,  from  1830  to  1840,  570  per  cent;  Wisconsin, 
from  1840  to  1850,  890  per  cent. 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER: 


CONTAINING   THE 

NAMES,    LOCATION,  AND    ADVANTAGES    OF    THE    CITIES,  TOWNS, 
VILLAGES,   POST-OFFICES   AND   SETTLEMENTS, 

TOGETHER   WITH    A    DESCRIPTION    OF    THE 

LAKES,    WATER    COURSES,    PRAIRIES,    AND    PUBLIC    LOCALITIES    IN   THE 
STATE    OF    WISCONSIN FOR    1853. 

ALPHABETICALLY     ARRANGED. 


NOTICE. — Names  and  descriptions  prepared  too  late  for  their  proper  place,  will  be 
found  in  the  Appendix. 

ABBREVIATIONS.— (7. //.,  Court  House,  or  County  Seat;  L.,  Lake  ;  Pr.,  Prairie;  P.  0., 
Post  Office  ;   P.  V.,  Post  Village ;  R.,  River;   T.,  Town  ;    V.,  Village. 


ABBOTT,  Town,  in  county  of  Sheboygan,  being  town  13  !N".,  in 
range  21  E. ;  located  southwest  from  Sheboygan,  the  county 
seat.  It  has  9  school  districts. 

ADAMS,  P.  V.,  in  "Wai worth  county,  on  section  IS,  town  4  N"., 
range  17  E. ;  being  in  the  town  of  Troy,  10  miles  north  from 
Elkhorn,  and  GO  miles  southeast  from  Madison,  in  a  good 
farming  district,  8  miles  southwest  from  the  Milwaukee  and 
Mississ:ppi  railroad  depot  at  Eagle  Prairie. 

ADAMS,  Town,  in  the  county  of  Green,  being  township  3  N.,  of 
range  6  E. ;  located  ten  miles  northwest  from  Monroe,  the 
county  seat.     It  has  5  school  districts. 
4 


38  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

ADAMS,  County ',  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Portage,  on  the  east 
by  Waushara  and  Marquette,  on  the  south  by  Columbia  and 
Sauk,  and  on  the  west  by  La  Crosse  and  a  portion  of  Sauk. 
It  was  established  March  11,  1848,  from  Portage ;  at  which 
time  it  embraced  the  territory  south  and  west  of  the  Lemon- 
wier  and  Wisconsin  rivers,  north  of  town  13,  and  east  of 
range  1  E.  By  an  act  approved  March  6,  1849,  the  territory 
was  extended  north  and  east,  and  so  changed  in  the  southeast 
that  it  embraced  only  about  four  townships  of  its  original 
limits.  At  the  session  of  the  legislature  of  the  winter  of 
1853,  it  was  restored  to  its  former  southern  bounds,  and  the 
seat  of  justice  located  at  Ivingsbury's  Ferry,  on  the  "Wis 
consin  river.  The  county  is  attached  to  Sauk  for  legislative 
purposes.  It  is  watered  by  the  Wisconsin,  Lemonwier, 
Yellow,  Xecada,  and  the  two  Roche  a  Gris  rivers,  with 
several  other  streams,  the  banks  of  some  of  which  are  cov 
ered  by  an  excellent  growth  of  pine  timber.  The  first  sur 
veys  of  Adams  county  having  been  made  so  recently  as  1851, 
but  little  is  as  yet  known  of  its  advantages  and  resources. 
The  population  in  1850  was  187,  since  which  time  it  has  been 
rapidly  settling.  Upon  the  Lemonwier  are  erected  and  in 
operation,  four  saw  mills  propelled  by  water,  and  one  by 
steam,  and  are  supposed  to  produce  from  four  to  six  million 
feet  of  pine  lumber  per  annum.  The  valley  of  the  Lemonwier, 
so  called,  constitutes  that  part  lying  on  the  west  and  south  of 
said  river,  is  not  easily  surpassed  in  richness  and  fertility  of 
soil;  the  timber  being  principally  black  and  burr  oak;  nu 
merous  small  streams  and  rivulets  flow  from  the  high  lands 
across  the  valley,  which  already  contain  a  numerous  popula 
tion.  There  is  one  steam  saw  mill,  and  one  mill  propelled  by 
water,  on  the  Yellow  river,  employed  in  the  manufacture  of 
pine  lumber,  producing  from  two  to  three  million  feet  per 
annum.  The  country  lying  between  the  Yellow  river  and  the 
Wisconsin,  and  the  Yellow  river  and  the  Lemonwier,  presents 
a  flat  and  monotonous  appearance ;  the  soil  in  general  being 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER.  39 

unfit  for  agricultural  purposes,  affording,  however,  many  faci 
lities  for  stock  raising  arid  dairy  farming  unsurpassed  in  the 
state.  The  features  of  the  country  are  more  varied  in  the  east 
than  on  the  west  side  of  the  Wisconsin  river,  presenting  a 
more  broken  and  undulating  surface,  and  more  elevated.  This 
part  of  the  country  is  fast  being  settled  by  a  hardy  and  enter 
prising  class  of  farmers,  and  is  destined,  at  no  distant  day,  to 
be  one  of  the  best  grain-growing  portions  of  the  State.  The 
southeast  part  of  the  county  is  the  most  densely  populated, 
the  country  being  diversified  and  much  elevated,  but  not  very 
well  watered.  At  the  first  election  held  in  the  county,  in  April 
1853,  the  following  gentlemen  were  elected  County  Officers: 
County  Judge,  E.  S.  Miner;  Sheriff,  W.  J.  Sayre ;  Clerk  of 
Court,  S.  G.  Holbrook  ;  Clerk  of  Board  Supervisors,  Win.  H. 
Spain;  Register,  Wm.  H.  Palmer;  District  Attorney,  D.  A. 
Bigelow ;  Treasurer,  S.  G.  Holbrook;  Surveyor,  Caleb  Mc- 
Arthur  ;  Coroner,  W.  I.  Webster. 

ADDISON,  Town,  in  county  of  Washington,  being  town  11  1ST.,  of 
range  IS  E.  ;  located  23  miles  west  from  Ozaukee.  The  popu 
lation  in  1850  was  1,092.  It  has  9  school  districts. 

ADELL,  P.  V.,  in  county  of  Sheboygan,  being  on  section  17,  in 
town  13  X.,  (Abbott.)  range  20  E. 

AHNEPEE,  Creek,  rises  in  Door  county,  and  runs  southeast,  entering 
Lake  Michigan  in  town  25,  range  25  E.,  in  Kewaunee  county. 

AJASOWI,  River,  see  Courterielle  river. 

ALBANY,  P.  V.,  in  Green  county,  on  section  28.  town  3  !N\,  range 
9  E.;  14:  miles  northeast  from  Monroe,  28  miles  south  from 
Madison.  Population,  200  ;  26  dwellings,  S  stores,  2  hotels, 
2  mills,  and  9  manufactories.  It  has  a  large  water  power — in 
the  midst  of  a  good  farming  country,  and  has  three  regular 
mail  routes  passing  through  the  village. 

ALBANY,  Town,  in  Green  county,  being  township  3  K.,  range  9 
E. ;  located  12  miles  northeast  from  Monroe.  The  population 
in  1850  was  546.  It  has  6  school  districts. 


40  WISCONSIN   Gi 

ALBION,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Dane  county. 

ALBION,  Town,  in  county  of  Dane,  being  in  town  5  K.,  range  12 
E.;  centrally  located,  25  miles  southeast  from  Madison,  the 
county  seat.  It  has  7  school  districts. 

ALBION,  Town,  in  county  of  Jackson,  being  all  of  said  county, 
north  of  township  22.  It  has  4  school  districts. 

ALCOVE,  P.  V.,  in  Fond  clu  Lac  county,  on  section  32  of  the  town 
of  Empire,  (town  15  N.,  range  18  E.,)  6  miles  southeast  from 
Fond  du  Lac,  the  county  seat,  and  75  miles  northeast  from 
Madison. 

ALGOMA,  Town,  in  county  of  Winnebago,  south  side  of  Fox  river. 
The  population  in  1850  was  702.  It  has  7  school  districts. 

ALGOMA,  P.  F".,  in  town  of  same  name,  Winnebago  county,  on 
section  15,  in  town  18  X.,  range  16  E.,  on  Fox  river,  between 
Lake  Great  Butte  des  Morts  and  Winneba^o,  2  miles  above 

O     / 

Oshkosh. 

ALLEN'S  GROVE,  P.  I7".,  in  town  of  Sharon,  Walworth  county,  on 
section  6,  in  town  1  !N".,  range  15  E. 

ALMOND,  P.  V.,  in  county  of  Portage.  It  is  16  miles  from  Plover, 
the  county  -seat,  and  105  miles  from  Madison.  Population, 
150. 

ALTO,  P.  V.,  Fond  du  Lac  county,  on  section  13,  in  town  of  same 
name,  being  town  14  N.,  range  14  E. ;  located  18  miles  south, 
west  from  Fond  du  Lac  city,  and  55  miles  northeast  from 
Madison. 

ALTO,  Town,  in  the  county  of  Fond  du  Lac,  being  town  14  !N".,  of 
range  14  E. ;  centrally  located,  10  miles  southwest  from  Fond 
du  Lac.  Population  in  1850  was  630.  It  has  9  school  dis 
tricts. 

AMENECON,  (Amican),  River,  a  tributary  of  Lake  Superior,  next 
east  of  Sandy  river,  in  La  Pointe  county. 

AMHEEST,  Town,  in  county  of  Portage,  being  towns  21,  22,  23,  24 
and  25,  in  range  10,  and  24  and  25  in  range  9  E. 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER.  41 

APPLE,  River,  rises  near  the  head  of  Duck  Creek,  and  runs  north 
easterly  into  Fox  river,  5  miles  below  Eapide  de  Croche,  in 
Outagamie  county. 

APPLE,  River,  a  tributary  of  St.  Croix  river  from  the  east,  in  St. 
Croix  county,  enters  the  same  from  the  east,  near  the  line 
between  townships  30  and  31. 

APPLETON,  P.  V.,  and  C.IL,  in  Outagamie  county,  town  of  Grand 
Chute,  on  section  26,  town  21  E".,  range  17  E.  It  is  about  125 
miles  northeast  from  Madison.  The  Lawrence  Institute  is  loca 
ted  at  this  place,  and  the  surrounding  country  is  very  healthy 
and  fertile.  Population  800;  275  dwellings,  10  stores,  5  hotels, 
4  saw  mills,  1  flouring  mill,  1  edge  tool  factory,  2  planing 
mills  and  a  paper  factory.  It  is  situated  on  the  Lower  Fox 
river  at  the  Grand  Chute  Rapids,  30  mile?  from  Green  Bay. 
Its  hydraulic  advantages  arc  equal  to  any  in  the  United 
States,  the  aggregate  fall  being  4-0  feet.  It  is  in  a  direct  line 
between  Manitowoc  on  the  Lake,  and  Stevens'  Point  on  the 
Wisconsin,  between  which  places  a  plank  road  is  in  process  of 
construction. 

ARENA,  Town,  in  the  county  of  Iowa,  being  townships  No?.  7 
and  8  i^.,  of  ranges  4  and  5  E. ;  centrally  located,  20  miles 
northeast  from  Mineral  Point,  the  county  seat.  It  has  3  school 
districts.  It  is  in  an  agricultural  district,  containing  bottom 
lands  of  the  first  quality,  sandy,  but  well  watered.  Settled 
originally  by  the  British  Temperance  Emigration  Society. 

ARENA,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Iowa  county,  on  the  Wis 
consin  river,  town  8  !N".,  range  5  E. 

ARMITAGERS,  Rapids,  in  Chippewa  county,  and  on  Chippewa  river, 
in  town  30  X.,  range  7  W. 

ARMY,  Lake,  in  town  of  East  Troy,  Walworth  county,  on  section 
16,  town  4  !N~.,  range  18  E.  It  is  named  in  compliment  to 
the  U.  S.  army,  and  is  owned  by  Major  H.  "W.  Merrill,  of  the 
army.  His  farms,  which  includes  the  lake,  contains  640  acres. 
The  lake  covers  about  100  acres ;  is  28  miles  southwest  from 


4:2  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

Milwaukee,  and  is  on  the  northwest  quarter  of  the  section. 
Its  form  is  oval,  beautifully  curved  and  indented  with  small 
bays  and  promontories,  and  being  supplied  by  springs  it  has 
no  visible  inlet.  Its  shores  are  elevated  by  gently  rising  banks, 
and  bordered  on  all  sides  with  a  fine  growth  of  forest  trees. 

ASHFORD,  Town,  in  county  of  Fond  du  Lac,  being  town  13  N"., 
range  18  E. ;  centrally  located,  15  miles  southeast  from  the 
city  of  Fond  du  Lac.  The  population  in  1850  was  546.  It 
has  7  school  districts. 

ASHIPPUN,  Town,  in  county  of  Dodge,  being  town  9  ]SL,  range  17 
E.  ;  centrally  located,  14  miles  southwest  from  Juneau.  It 
has  8  school  districts. 

ASHIPPUN,  P.O.,  in  town  of  same  name,  in  southwest  corner  of 
Dodge  county. 

ASHWABENA,  River,  in  Brown  count}T,  a  small  tributary  of  the  Fox, 
emptying  opposite  to  Depere. 

ATTANWA,  River,  a  tributary  from  the  east  of  St.  Croix  river,  a 
few  miles  above  the  Falls  of  St.  Croix. 

ATTICA,  P.  V.,  in  southwest  corner  of  the  town  of  Brooklyn,  on 
Sugar  river,  Green  county. 

ATTONOWINIXG,  River,  a  tributary  from  the  north  of  river  St.  Croix. 

AUBURN,  P.  0.,  Fond  du  Lac  county,  on  section  18,  of  town  of  the 
same  name,  14  miles  southeast  from  Fond  du  Lac,  and  90 
miles  northeast  from  Madison.  It  is  situated  on  the  Rubicon, 
the  head  waters  of  Milwaukee  river,  and  has  1  store,  1  hotel, 
and  1  church. 

AUBURN,  Town,  in  the  county  of  Fond  du  Lac,  being  town  13  N"., 
range  19  E. ;  centrally  located,  18  miles  southeast  from  Fond 
du  Lac.  The  population  is  400.  It  has  8  school  districts. 

AVOCA,  P.  Y.,  in  Fond  du  Lac  county,  on  section  13,  town  14  N., 
range  16  E. 

AVON,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Rock  county,  on  section  8, 
town  1  1ST.,  range  10  E. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  43 

AVON,  Town,  in  the  county  of  Rock,  being  town  1  N.,  of  range 
10  E. ;  centrally  located,  IT  miles  southwest  from  Janesville. 
The  population  in  1850  was  588.  It  has  7  school  districts. 

AZTALAX,  Town,  in  the  county  of  Jefferson,  being  town  7  N".,  of 
range  14  E.  ;  centrally  located.  5  miles  north  from  Jefferson, 
the  county  seat.  The  population  in  1850  was  429.  It  has  8 
school  districts. 

AZTALAN,  P.  V.,  in  Jefferson  county,  and  town  of  same  name,  7 
miles  northwest  from  Jefferson,  and  28  miles  east  from  Madi 
son.  It  is  on  both  sides  of  the  Crawfish,  on  the  direct  road  from 
Madison  to  Milwaukee.  It  contains  1  Baptist  church,  3  deno 
minations  of  Christians,  2  blacksmiths,  1  waggon-maker,  1 
shoe  shop,  1  fanning  mill  shop,  brick  yard,  1  saleratus  factory, 
3  stores,  2  hotels,  1  steam  mill,  1  nursery  of  150,000  trees, 
and  an  extensive  stone  quarry.  In  this  town  is  situated  the 
renowned  "Ancient  City,"  which  comprises  30  acres  of  land. 
The  city  is  surrounded  by  a  brick  wall,  and  is  an  object  of 
antiquarian  research.  Population  250. 

BACHELOR'S  GROVE,  P.  V^.,  in  Rock  county,  on  section  4,  town  2, 
ran«;e  11  E.,  of  the  town  of  Plymouth;  10  miles  west  from 

O  t,' 

Janesville,  and  40  miles  south  from  Madison.    Population  70, 
with  12  dwellings,  1  temperance  hotel,  and  a  M.  E.  church. 

BAD  Ax,  Town,  in  county  of  Bad  Ax.  The  population  in  1850 
(at  which  time  it  funned  a  portion  of  Crawford  county,)  was 
630.  It  has  8  school  districts. 

BAD  Ax,  County,  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  La  Crosse,  on  the 
east  by  Sank  and  Richland,  on  the  south  by  Richland  and 
Crawford,  and  on  the  west  by  the  Mississippi  river,  and  was 
set  off  from  Crawford  and  organized  March  1,  1851.  The 
county  seat  was  established  by  a  vote  of  the  electors  of  the 
county  on  the  29th  day  of  June,  1852,  at  Yaroqua,  near  the 
centre  of  the  county.  It  forms  a  part  of  the  sixth  judicial 
circuit,  the  second  congressional,  and  the  nineteenth  senate 
district,  and  with  Crawford  sends  one  member  of  the  assembly. 


44  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

The  streams  are  the  Bad  Ax,  Kickapoo  and  Racoon  rivers, 
with  their  tributaries,  and  small  streams  emptying  into  the 
Mississippi.  A  large  quantity  (41,807  acres,)  of  that  portion 
of  school  lands  known  as  the  500,000  acre  grant,  is  situated 
in  Bad  Ax  county,  the  soil  of  which  is  good,  and  produces 
good  crops  of  wheat,  oats,  corn,  &c.  This  county  is  compara 
tively  new,  and  contained  in  1850  less  than  YOO  inhabitants. 
During  the  last  two  years  the  population  has  increased  very 
*  fast. — County  Officers :  Judge,  Henry  J.  Defrees;  Sheriff, 
James  Bailey ;  Clerk  of  Court,  "Wm.  F.  Terhune. 

BAD  Ax,  River,  in  Bad  Ax  county,  rises  in  town  14,  range  4  "W. ; 
runs  southwest,  and  empties  into  the  Mississippi,  in  town  12. 
Its  mouth  is  remarkable  for  being  adjoining  the  site  of  the 
last  battle  field  with  Black  Hawk,  August  2d,  1832. 

BAD  Ax,  P.  F.,  in  Bad  Ax  county,  on  section  25,  town  12  K, 
range  5  "W. 

BAD  FISH,  GreeJc,  rises  in  Oregon,  Dane  county,  and  runs  south 
east,  emptying  into  the  Catfish  river,  in  Porter,  Hock  county. 

BAD,  Ri/ver,  of  Lake  Superior.     See  Mauvoise. 

BAILEY'S,  -Harbor ^  on  western  shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  in  town  30, 
Door  county,  at  Gibraltar. 

BAKER'S  CORNER,  P.  P".,  in  TValworth  county,  on  section  6,  town  3, 
range  18  E.,  town  of  Spring  Prairie,  10  miles  northeast  from 
Elkhorn,  and  80  miles  southeast  from  Madison,  on  the  road 
from  Janesville  to  Racine,  at  the  junction  of  the  highway  to 
East  Troy  and  Milwaukee.  It  is  in  a  good  farming  district, 
well  adapted  to  raising  wheat,  &c. 

BALD,  Prairie,  in  TVinnebago  county,  in  towns  of  Clayton,  Yin- 
land,  "Winneconne  and  Winchester. 

BALL,  River  *  see  La  Crosse  river  and  Prairie  La  Crosse. 

BARABOO,  P.  V.  and  0.  H.,  on  both  sides  of  river  of  same  name, 
in  Sank  county  ;  it  is  mostly  on  section  2,  in  town  11  N.,  of 
range  6  E.,  and  is  about  50  miles  northwest  from  Madison. 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER.  45 

It  now  includes  the  village  of  Adams.  It  has  6  taverns,  7 
stores,  5  mills,  26  mechanical  shops,  1  carding  machine,  1 
tannery,  and  1  printing  office  at  which  the  Sank  County  Stan 
dard  is  published  weekly.  Population,  2,000. 

BARKER'S,  Lake,  is  in  the  northwest  part  of  the  town  of  Sugar 
Creek,  Wai  worth  county.  It  is  about  one  and  a  half  miles 
in  length. 

BARK,  Point,  Lake  Superior,  near  the  mouth  of  Heron  river. 

BARK,  River,  rises  in  Richfield,  Washington  county,  and  running 
southwest  through  the  towns  of  Merton,  Delafield,  Summit, 
and  Ottawa,  in  Waukesha  county,  passes  through  the  towns 
of  Sullivan,  Hebron,  Cold  Spring  and  Koskonong,  in  Jeffer 
son  county,  emptying  into  Rock  river  at  Fort  Atkinson,  five 
miles  above  Lake  Koshkononff. 

o 

BARK  RIVER,  P.  0.,  Jefferson  county,  in  the  town  of  Hebron,  10 

miles  southeast  of  Jefferson,   and  40  southeast  of  Madison. 
BARTOX,  P.  0.,  Washington  county.     See  village  of  Newark. 

BASS,  Lake,  a  small  lake  on  section  24,  in  the  town  of  Rutland, 
Dane  county. 

BASS  LAKE,  P.  0.  in  Rutland,  Dane  county,  discontinued. 

BATTLE,  Creek,  is  a  small  stream  having  its  source  in  two  or  three 
small  lakes  in  Summit,  Waukesha  county,  runs  northwesterly, 
and  empties  into  Oconomowoc  river,  in  the  town  of  Concord, 
Jefferson  county. 

BEACHWOOD,  P.  0.,  in  county  of  Sheboygan,  being  in  Scott,  town 
13  X.,  range  20  E. 

BEAR,  Creek,  Chippewa  county,  enters  Buffalo  Slough  from  the  east. 

BEAR  CREEK,  P.  0.,  in  Richland  county. 

BEAR,   Creek,  rises  in  Sauk  county,  and  runs  southwest  into  the 

Wisconsin,  in  range  2  E. 
BEAR,  Island,  in  lake  Michigan,  near  southeast  corner  of  town  32, 

range  29  E.,  Door  county.     It  is  about  a  mile  in  diameter. 


46  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

BEAR,  Lake,  in  the  town  of  Greenbush,  Sheboygan  county,  on 
sec.  29,  township  15,  range  20  E. 

BEAVER,  Creek,  a  tributary  from  the  north  of  Black  river,  enter 
ing  the  same  near  Dakorra  Mound,  La  Crosse  county. 

BEAVER  DAM,  Town,  in  the  county  of  Dodge,  being  township  11, 
of  range  14,  and  south  half  of  town  12,  range  14,  and  south 
half  of  town  12,  range  13,  eight  miles  west  from  Juneau,  the 
county  seat.  The  population  in  1850  was  1,830.  It  has  10 
school  districts. 

BEAVER  DAM,  River,  rises  in  Fox  lake,  and  runs  south,  emptying 
into  the  Crawfish,  in  the  southern  portion  of  Dodge  county. 

BEAVER  DAM,  P.  V.  in  town  of  same  name,  Dodge  county,  being 
on  section  4,  town  11  !N".,  range  14  E.  It  is  situated  on  a 
stream  of  the  same  name,  at  the  outlet  of  a  pond  some  8  or 
10  miles  in  extent,  where  stands  a  flouring  mill,  in  which  are 
constantly  employed  4  runs  of  stone ;  where  there  is  to  be 
built  the  coming  season  another  flouring  mill  and  woollen 
factory,  an  oil  mill,  a  saw  mill,  and  a  carding  machine ;  with 
5  more  saw  mills  and  2  flouring  mills  with  two  runs  of  stone 
each,  within  3  miles  of  the  village,  and  yet  the  stream  is 
considered  sufficient  for  considerable  improvement  in  the 
line  of  mills  and  machinery.  A  strip  of  excellent  timber 
skirts  its  banks,  rendering  timber  and  lumber  very  abun 
dant  and  cheap.  In  the  village  there  are  3  hotels,  10  or  12 
stores,  1  apothecary  shop,  1  furnace,  1  cabinet,  1  tin,  1  sad 
dle  and  harness  shops,  2  livery  stables,  3  churches,  and  two 
to  be  built  immediately  ;  1  jewelry  store,  6  doctors,  1  printing 
office,  besides  carpenter,  tailor,  blacksmith,  waggon  and  shoe 
shops,  &c.,  with  some  400  dwellings,  and  a  population  of  at 
least  1,500.  This  place  possesses  superior  advantages.  It 
has  plenty  of  water  power,  and  of  timber  to  saw,  thus  re 
ducing  the  price  of  lumber  and  rendering  building  easy.  It 
is  surrounded  by  one  of  the  most  fertile  sections  of  the  state, 
which  naturally  inclines  to  this  point  for  a  market ;  and  its 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER.  4-7 

means  of  transit  when  the  La  Crosse  and  Milwaukee  railroad 
is  completed,  will  add  another  important  feature  to  its  pros 
pects.  "With,  such  natural  advantages,  and  these  evidences  of 
prosperity,  who  can  wonder  that  Beaver  Dam  should  make 
such  rapid  strides  in  advancement  and  business  facilities, 
while  it  requires  no  prophetic  eye  to  discover  that,  ere  long, 
she  is  to  be  ranked  among  the  most  populous,  wealthy,  and 
business  inland  towns  in  Wisconsin. 

BEAVER,  Lake,  is  near  the  centre  of  the  town  of  Merton,  a  short 
distance  east  of  Pine  lake,  in  Waukesha  county,  into  which 
it  has  its  outlet.  It  is  about  a  mile  in  length. 

BEETOWX,  Town,  in  the  county  of  Grant,  being  townships  4  and 
5  X.,  of  range  4  W.;  6  miles  west  from  Lancaster.  It  has  7 
school  districts. 

BEETOWX,  P.  V.  on  section  30,  in  town  of  same  name  in  Grant 
county,  town  4,  range  4  W.  ;  is  surrounded  by  rich  lead 
mines  and  a  good  farming;  region  of  land,  with  timber  on  the 

O  o  O 

east,  and  prairie  on  the  north,  west,  and  south.  The  popula 
tion  is  about  300 ;  with  55  dwellings,  9  stores,  and  1  hotel. 

BEETOWX,  Diggings,  a  mining  place  on  section  17,  town  4,  range 
4  "W.,  in  Grant  county. 

BELFOXTAIXE,  P.  0.,  in  Columbia  county. 

BELGIUM,  Town,  in  the  county  of  Ouzaukee,  being  township  12  N., 
of  range  22  E. ;  located  7  miles  north  from  Ouzaukee.  The 
population  in  1850  was  1,154.  It  has  7  school  districts. 

BELMOXT,  formerly  P.  0.,  in  town  of  same  name,  in  northwest 
corner  of  Lafayette  county,  at  Platte  Mounds.  At  this  place 
the  first  session  of  the  territorial  legislature  of  Wisconsin  was 
held.  It  is  now  the  residence  of  Hon.  Charles  Dunn,  chief 
justice  of  the  territorial  supreme  court. 

BELOIT,  Town,  in  county  of  Rock,  being  township  1  !N".,  of  range 
12  E. ;  located  southerly,  10  miles  from  Janesville,  the  county 
seat.  The  population  in  1850  was  2,750.  It  has  9  school  dis 
tricts. 


48  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

BELOIT  AND  MADISON  KAIL  KOAD  COMPANY. — Directors :  John  B. 
Turner,  W.  L.  dewberry;  Edward  J.  Tinkharn,  and  E.  S. 
"Wadsworth,  Chicago,  111. ;  L.  G.  Fisher,  Hazen  Cheney,  and 
John  Hackett,  Beloit,  Wis. ;  Yolney  Atwood,  J.  A.  Sleeper, 
and  Otis  W.  Norton,  Janesville,  "Wis. ;  Simeon  Mills,  F.  G. 
Tibbits,  and  Elisha  Burdick,  Madison,  "\Yis. ;  John  P.  Turner, 
President;  Benj.  Durham,  Secretary;  Edward  J.  Tinkham, 
Treasurer;  and  John  P.  Ilsley,  Chief  Engineer.  This  com 
pany  was  incorporated  by  act  of  the  legislature,  approved 
Feb.  18,  1852.  By  the  charter  the  company  are  authorized 
to  create  a  capital  stock  of  $1,200,000,  and  to  locate,  con 
struct  and  operate  a  single  or  double  trnck  railroad,  from  the 
village  of  Beluit  in  th  ^  county  of  Rock,  via  Janesville  in  the 
county  of  Rock,  to  Madison,  the  capital  of  the  State  of  Wis 
consin,  with  power  also  to  connect  or  consolidate  with  other 
railroad  companies.  The  company  was  organized  at  Madison 
on  the  1st  day  of  July,  the  same  year,  by  the  election  of 
officers  as  above  stated.  Preliminary  surveys  were  imme 
diately  commenced,  preparatory  to  the  location  of  the  line, 
and  the  attainment  of  the  right  of  way.  The  report  of  the 
chief  engineer  shows  the  length  of  the  line  from  Beloit  to 
Madison  to  be  52,08  miles,  and  the  estimated  cost  §790,000, 
or  §15,027  per  mile,  laid  with  heavy  T  rail.  Some  portions 
of  the  work  have  already  been  contracted,  and  the  engineer 
is  now  actively  engaged  in  completing  the  surveys  and  pro 
curing  the  right  of  way,  and  the  whole  line  will  soon  be 
ready  for  contract,  and  it  is  confidently  believed  that  the 
entire  road  will  be  completed  to  Madison  by  the  4th  of  July, 
1854.  By  an  amendment  to  its  charter,  passed  February, 
1853,  this  company  are  authorized  to  construct  their  road 
direct  from  Beloit  to  Madison,  and  by  running  about  twelve 
miles  west  of  Janesville,  the  line  will  be  reduced  in  length 
something  over  four  miles,  and  be  entirely  removed  from 
competition  with  rival  roads.  The  district  of  country  through 
which  this  road  passes  to  its  present  terminus,  the  capital  of 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER.  49 

"Wisconsin,  is  equal,  if  not  superior,  in  population,  produc 
tiveness  and  natural  beauty  to  any  portion  of  the  state  ;  while 
its  ultimate  extension  to  the  Wisconsin  river  at  Portage  city, 
and  thence  through  the  extensive  pine  regions  of  the  north  to 
Lake  Superior,  or  the  Upper  Mississippi,  insure  for  it  an  im 
mense  and  constantly  increasing  business,  as  that  interesting 
portion  of  the  country  becomes  settled  and  more  fully  devel 
oped.  The  very  favorable  terms  upon  which  this  company 
have  arranged  with  the  Chicago  and  Galena  railroad  company, 
to  run  in  connection  with  and  operate  this  road  as  a  branch  of 
that  already  popular  and  profitable  thoroughfare,  added  to 
the  many  other  superior  advantages  already  enjoyed  b\r  this 
company,  warrant  the  belief  that  this  will  prove  one  of  the 
most  useful,  as  well  as  most  profitable,  railroad  enterprises  in 
the  Great  West.  To  Simeon  Mills,  Esq.,  of  Madison,  is  due 
the  credit  of  originating  and  largely  contributing  toward  the 
successful  prosecution  of  this  enterprise. 

BELOIT,  P.  V.,  Rock  county,  on  sections  35  and  36,  in  town  of  same 
name,  being  town  1  X.,  of  range  12  E.,  12  miles  south  from 
Janesville,  and  45  miles  southeast  from  Madison.  It  is  situated 
on  the  State  line,  at  the  junction  of  Turtle  Creek  with  Rock 
River.  Its  commercial  and  manufacturing  facilities  are  of  a 
superior  character,  and  the  means  of  education  are  as  great 
as  in  any  other  town  in  the  State.  It  has  a  population  of  3,000, 
with  400  dwellings,  1  baptist,  1  congregational,  1  methodist, 

1  presbyterian,  1  episcopal,  and  1  catholic  church;  18  dry 
goods  stores,  10  grocery  and  provision,  2  hardware  and  3  drug 
stores ;  3  stove  and  tin,  2  shoe,  4  clothing  and  2  book  stores ; 

2  cabinet,  2  barbers,  2  jewellers,  4  market  and  2  paint  shops; 

3  saddle  and  harness,  4  blacksmiths  and  2  coopers  shops ;  1 
tobacco  factory  and  store,  3  hotels,  3  flouring,  1  oil,  and  1  saw 
mill,  1  flax  factory,  1  foundry,  1  machine  shop,  1  manufac 
tory  of  reapers  and  fanning  mills,   2  carriage  and  waggon 
factories,  1  scale  manufactory,  1  woollen  factory,  and  1  candle 
and  soap  factory. 


50  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

BEM,  P.  0.)  in  Greene  county. 

BENTON,  Creek,  rises  in  town  23,  range  23  E.,  Kewaunee  county, 
runs  southerly,  emptying  into  the  west  Twin  River  in  Mani- 
towoc  county. 

BERLIN,  Town,  in  county  of  Marquette,  being  township  17  X.,  of 
range  13  E.  It  has  9  school  districts. 

BERRY,  Tov:n,  in  the  county  of  Dane,  being  township  8  2s".,  of 
range  7  E.  It  is  15  miles  northwest  from  Madison. 

BERKY,  P.O.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Dane  county,  on  section  29, 
town  8  X.,  range  7  E. 

BIG  BEND,  P.  0.  in  southern  part  of  Waukesha  county. 

BIG,  Creek)  a  small  tributary  from  the  southeast  of  Black  River, 
in  La  Crosse  county,  into  which  it  empties,  in  town  19  IS7".,  of 
range  5  W. 

BIG  PLOVER,  River,  is  a  tributary  from  the  northeast  of  the  Wis 
consin,  which  it  enters  between  Plover  and  Stevens'  Point. 

BIG,  Prairie,  "Waushara  county,  is  a  crescent  shaped  prairie  in 
the  eastern  part  of  the  town  of  Oasis,  town  20  K.,  of  range 
8  E.  Its  greatest  length  is  six  miles,  and  extreme  width  three 
miles.  It  contains  about  15,000  acres  of  land. 

BIG  QUINNESEC,  Falls,  are  rapids  in  the  Menominee  river,  about 
one  and  a  half  miles  in  length,  in  which  distance  the  fall  is 
134  feet.  This  distance  is  divided  into  four  chutes,  at  the 
lowest  of  which  the  river  dashes  over  a  perpendicular  fall  of 
rocks  forty  feet  in  height. 

BIG  SUAMICO,  River,  rises  in  Oconto  county,  and  runs  east,  through 
township  25,  emptying  into  Green  Bay  from  the  west. 

BILLING'S,  Creek,  in  Bad  Ax  county,  is  a  branch  of  the  Kickapoo 

river. 

BIRCH,  Lake,  on  Red  Cedar  river,  between  Sketch  and  Pine  lakes. 
BIRD'S  RUIN,  see  Hanchettville  P.  0. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  51 

BLACK,  Creek,  Sheboygan  county,  rises  in  the  southwest  part  of 
town  13,  range  23  E.,  and  runs  north  easterly  to  the  north 
east  corner  of  the  town  of  "Wilson,  where  it  falls  into  Lake 
Michigan. 

<_; 

BLACK,  Creek,  is  a  small  tributary,  from  the  west  of  Fox  Eiver, 
which  it  enters  near  the  line  between  town's  16  and  17,  in 
Marquette  county. 

BLACK,  Creek,  rises  near  the  2s".  E.  corner  of  Outagamie  county, 
and  runs  southwesterly,  uniting  with  the  outlet  of  White  Lake, 
and  falls  into  Wolf  river,  in  the  town  of  Ellington. 

BLACK  EARTH,  Town,  (formerly  Farmer'sville)  in  county  of  Dane, 
being  township  oSTo.  8  N".,  range  6  E.,  located  20  miles  from 
Madison.  It  has  3  school  districts. 

BLACK  EARTH,  P.  Y.,  Dane  county,  in  town  of  same  name,  on 
section  26,  town  8  X.,  range  6  E.,  21  miles  nearly  west  from 
Madison.  Population  75  ;  15  dwellings,  1  store,  1  hotel  and 
a  good  flouring  mill.  It  is  situated  in  the  fertile  valley  of  the 
Black  Earth  creek,  9  miles  above  its  entrance  into  the  "Wis 
consin.  This  village  was  laid  out  in  1850,  and  has  a  good 
water  power. 

BLACK  EARTH,  River,  rises  in  Middleton,  in  Dane  county,  and  runs 
!N".  "W.,  entering  the  Wisconsin  at  Arena,  in  Iowa  county. 

BLACK,  River,  (Sappah,)  rises  in  Marathon  county,  and  runs  south 
west,  entering  the  Mississippi,  in  La  Crosse  county,  about  half 
way  between  La  Crosse  and  Trempeleau  rivers.  It  is  navi 
gable  to  the  Falls,  to  which  place  it  maintains  a  width  of  200 
yards. 

BLACK  EIVER,  Falls,  are  about  50  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the 
Black  Eiver,  in  Jackson  county,  at  which  place  the  stream  is 
about  200  yards  wide,  and  falls  22  feet  in  the  distance  of  100 
yards. 

BLACK  EIYER  FALLS,  P.  V.,  on  Black  river,  in  Jackson  county 
town  21  N.,  range  4  W. 


52  WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER. 

BLACK  RIVER  PINERY,  is  on  Black  river,  and  its  tributaries  mostly 
in  La  Crosse  and  Jackson  counties.  The  amount  of  lumber 
manufactured  in  this  section,  aside  from  square  timber,  lath, 
and  shingles,  is  shown  by  the  following  estimate  : 

Angle's  Mills,  on  La  Crosse  river.  500.000        Wm.  Levice's  Mills 1 ,800,000 


La  Crosse  Mills  

2000,000 

John  Levice's    „ 

....    800,000 

Kichols          „   

800,000 

Hall's 

....     800,000 

Douglass        „   .-  

1,000,000 

Johnson's           ,, 

300,000 

Polley's         „   

500,000 

Blanchard's        „ 

....    300,000 

Robinson's    „   

500,000 

Bailey's 

300,000 

Valentine's   „   

800,000 

Clarke's 

....    500,000 

Sliephard's   „  

Whipple'a          „ 

....    800,000 

Patterson's    „   

500,000 

O'Xeall's 

500,000 

Perry's           „   

800,000 

Cowley's           „ 

....    800,000 

Spaulding's  ,,  

500,000 

Eaton's 

....    500,000 

Total      14,500,000 

BLACK  WOLF,  P.O.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Winnebago  county. 

BLACK  WOLF,  Town,  in  county  of  Winnebago,  being  township  IT 
K.,  of  range  IT  E. ;  located  18  miles  northwest  from  Oshkosh, 
the  county  seat.  It  has  3  school  districts. 

BLAKE'S,  Prairie,  is  a  large  prairie,  in  range  5  W.,  in  Grant 
county. 

BLOCK  HOUSE,  Creek,  a  branch  from  the  east  of  Little  Platte  river, 
in  Smeltzer,  Grant  county. 

BLOOMFIELD,  Town,  in  the  county  of  Walworth,  being  township 
1  N.,  of  range  18  E. ;  located  13  miles  southeast  from  Elk- 
horn,  the  county  seat.  The  population  in  1850  was  8T9.  It 
has  6  school  districts. 

BLOOMFIELP,  P.  V.,  in  Walworth  county,  on  section  35,  of  town  of 
same  name,  (town  1  IN".,  range  18  E.,)  18  miles  southeast  from 
Elkhorn  and  80  miles  southeast  from  Madison,  on  the  Nippis- 
eing  creek,  wTith  a  good  water  fall. 

BLOOMINGDALE,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  Omro,  Winnebago  county,  being 
in  town  18  N.,  range  15  E. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  53 

BLOOMINGDALE,  Town,  see  Omro. 

BLOOMING  GROVE,  Town,  in  the  county  of  Dane,  being  township 
7  X.,  of  range  10  E. ;  located  4  miles  east  from  Madison,  the 
county  seat.  Population  in  1850  was  201.  It  has  6  school 
districts. 

BLUE  MOUNDS,  P.  0.,  at  the  oldest  settlement  of  Dane  county,  in 
town  of  same  name,  on  section  5,  town  6,  range  6  E.,  25  miles 
northeast  from  Mineral  Point ;  and  is  the  same  distance  west 
from  Madison,  on  the  great  stage  route  and  thoroughfare 
fiom  the  Mississippi  to  Milwaukee,  via  Madison.  It  was  first 
settled  in  182^,  by  Ebenezer  Brigham,  who  made  a  valuable 
discovery  of  mineral  at  this  place  in  that  year. 

BLUE  MOUNDS,  two  conical  shaped  hills,  the  one  in  Iowa,  the  other 
in  Dane  county ;  12  miles  south  from  the  Wisconsin  river,  and 
25  miles  west  from  Madison.  The  top  of  one  of  these  mounds 
is  loOl  feet  above  the  level  of  the  Wisconsin  river  at  Helena, 
and  is  the  highest  point  in  the  State. 

BLUE  MOUND,  Ci'ceJc,  rises  near  the  Blue  Mounds  in  Dane  county, 
and  runs  northwest,  uniting  with  the  Black  Earth  river  in  the 
town  of  Arena,  Iowa  county. 

BLUE  MOUNDS,  Town,  in  county  of  Dane,  being  township  6  N.,  of 
range  6  E  ;  located  21  miles  west  from  Madison.  It  has  5 

school  districts. 

BLUE  RIVER,  P.  0.,  in  Iowa  county. 

BLUE,  River,  rises  in  Highland,  Iowa  county,  and  runs  northwest 
into  the  Wisconsin  river,  in  the  town  of  Fennimore,  Grant 
county. 

BLUE  RIVER,  Diggings,  a  mining  point  at  section  24,  town  6  N., 
of  range  1  W.,  in  Grant  county. 

BLUFF,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  Kingston,  Sauk  county,  in  town  10  K, 
of  range  6  E. 

BLUFFTON,  P.  V.,  in  Marquette  county,  being  town  16  ST.,  of  range 
13  E.,  on  section  7.     It  is  located  3  miles  northwest  from 
5 


54  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

Dartford,  54  miles  north  and  18  miles  east  from  Madison. 
It  is  at  the  head  of  navigation  on  the  Pukyaun  river,  the 
main  east  branch  of  the  Upper  Fox.  The  rapids  afford  a 
fine  water  power.  It  has  1  hotel,  1  mill,  and  a  congrega 
tional  and  methodist  denomination.  The  roads  from  Sheboy- 
gan  to  La  Crosse,  from  Green  Bay  to  Fort  Winnebago,  and 
from  Oshkosh  to  the  Upper  Fox  Kiver,  all  cross  the  rapids 
at  this  place. 

BOILING,  Creek,  is  a  small  stream  in  the  town  of  Black  Earth, 
Dane  county,  emptying  into  the  "Wisconsin. 

Bois  BRULE,  River,  (Burnt  Wood,)  a  tributary  of  Lake  Superior, 
into  which  it  enters,  about  20  miles  east  from  Fond  du  Lac 
bay.  It  rises  near  the  Upper  St.  Croix  lake,  and  is  nearly 
100  miles  in  length. 

Bois,  Creek,  a  branch  of  Grant  river,  from  the  east,  in  the  town 
of  Potosi,  Grant  county. 

Bois,  Prairie,  a  long  and  narrow  prairie,  extending  from  Lancas 
ter  nearly  to  Potosi  in  Grant  county. 

BONNER'S,  Creek,  rises  near  Belmont,  Lafayette  county,  and  runs 
east  into  the  Pekatonica,  in  the  town  of  Willow  Springs. 

BOOTH,  Lake,  is  a  small  lake  on  the  line  between  the  towns  of 
Troy  and  East  Troy,  Walworth  county. 

BOTHELLE,  P.  V.,  in  Fond  du  Lac  county,  on  section  7,  in  the 
town  of  Eldorado,  being  town  16  K,  of  range  16  E.,  15  miles 
northwest  from  the  city  of  Fond  du  Lac,  and  TO  miles  north 
east  from  Madison. 

BOYD'S,  Creek,  a  small  stream  entering  the  Wisconsin,  in  town  7 
!N".,  of  range  4  W.,  in  Crawford  county. 

BRADFORD,  Town,  in  county  of  Kock,  being  township  !No.  2  1ST., 
of  range  14  E.,  located  12  miles  east  from  Janesville,  the 
county  seat.  The  population  in  1850  was  703.  It  has  8  school 
districts. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  55 

BRIDGEPORT,  P.  V.,  in  Brown  county,  011  section  2,  town  21  N., 
of  range  19  E. 

BRIGHAM'S,  Branch,  a  small  tributary  of  the  Fourth  Lake,  in  Dane 
county. 

BRIGHAM'S,  Prairie,  is  a  large  prairie  in  the  town  of  Blue  Mounds, 
Dane  county. 

BRIGHTON,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Kenoslia  county. 

BRIGHTON,  Town,  in  county  of  Kenosha,  being  township  2  [NT.,  of 
range  23  E. ;  located  17  miles  west  from  Kenosha,  the  county 
seat.  The  population  in  1850  was  180.  It  has  7  school  dis 
tricts. 

BRISTOL,  Town,  in  county  of  Dane,  being  township  9  jST.,  of  range 
11  E. ;  located  14  miles  northeast  from  Madison,  the  county 
seat.  It  has  5  school  districts. 

BRISTOL,  Town,  in  county  of  Kenosha,  being  towrnship  1  N.,  of 
range  21  E. ;  located  10  miles  southwest  from  Kenosha,  the 
county  seat.  The  population  in  1850  was  1,125.  It  has  12 
school  districts. 

BRISTOL,  P.  V.,  Kenosha  county,  on  section  4,  town  1 1$.,  of  range 
21  E.,  being  in  town  of  same  name ;  located  11  miles  west 
from  Kenosha,  and  95  miles  southeast  from  Madison.  The 
post  office  was  established  in  1839. 

BROCK'S,  Crossing,  on  L'  eau  Galle,  in  St.  Croix  county. 
BROKEN  GUN,  Channel,  the  middle  outlet  of  Black  river. 
BROOKFIELD,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Waukesha  county. 

BROOKFIELD,  Town,  in  the  county  of  Waukesha,  being  township 
7  N.,  of  range  20  E. ;  located  9  miles  northeast  from  Wauk- 
esha,  the  county  seat.  The  population  in  1850  was  1,939.  It 
has  13  school  districts. 

BROOKLYN,  Creek,  a  small  stream,  entering  the  "Wisconsin  from  the 
southwest,  at  Brooklyn,  Grant  county. 


56  WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER. 

BROOKLYN,  Town,  in  county  of  Green,  being  township  4  N".,  of 
range  9  E. ;  located  IT  miles  northeast  from  Monroe,  the 
county  seat.  The  population  in  1850  was  531.  It  has  8  school 
districts. 

BROOKLYN,  Town,  in  county  of  Marquette,  being  township  16  K., 
of  range  13  E.  It  has  9  school  districts. 

BROOKLYN,  Town,  in  county  of  Sank,  having  7  school  districts. 

BROOKLYN,  Village,  in  Grant  county,  on  Wisconsin  river,  at  the 
outlet  of  creek  of  the  same  name,  in  the  town  of  Patch  Grove. 

BROWN,  County,  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Oconto,  on  the  east 
by  Kewaunee,  on  the  south  by  Manitowoc,  and  on  the  west 
by  Outagamie,  and  a  portion  of  Oconto.  It  derived  its  name 
from  General  Brown,  commander-in-chief  of  the  army,  and 
was  originally  organized  by  an  act  of  the  legislative  council 
of  the  territory  of  Michigan,  approved  16th  October,  1818, 
and  then  included  all  of  the  territory  of  the  present  state  of 
Wisconsin,  east  of  a  line  drawn  due  north  from  the  northern 
boundary  of  Illinois,  through  the  middle  of  the  Portage  be 
tween  the  Fox  and  Wisconsin  rivers.  Its  limits  have  been 
decreased  from  time  to  time,  until  at  present  it  contains  only 
fourteen  and  a  half  townships,  being  21  by  24  miles  square, 
with  an  addition  of  3  by  6  miles  to  its  northwestern  corner. 
The  seat  of  justice  is  established  by  law  at  the  village  of 
Depere,  on  the  Xeenah,  about  eight  miles  from  its  mouth, 
although  the  courts  are  held,  and  most  of  the  county  business 
transacted  at  Green  Bay.  Its  streams  are :  Fox,  (Neenah), 
Manitoo,  (or  East),  Ashwabena  and  Big  Suamico  rivers,  and 
Duck  creek.  The  soil  is  better  adapted  to  grazing  than  the 
raising  of  grain,  although  it  produces  good  crops  of  wheat, 
rye,  oats,  potatoes,  &c.  The  surface  is  mostly  level  or  slightly 
undulating,  with  but  little  swamp  or  waste  land.  It  is  mostly 
heavily  timbered,  with  maple,  beech,  birch,  &c.,  interspersed 
with  pine  and  a  good  proportion  of  hemlock.  Brown  county 
is  attached  to  the  fourth  judicial  circuit,  to  the  third  congres- 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  57 

sional,  and  to  the  second  senatorial  district,  and  with  Kewan- 
nee  and  Door,  forms  an  assembly  district.  The  population  in 
1825  was  952;  1830,  964;  1836,  2,706;  1838,  3,081;  1840, 
2,107;  1842,  2,146;  1846,  2,602;  1847,  2,914;  1850,6,222. 
Farms,  267;  manufactories,  23;  and  dwellings,  1,005.  It 
must  be  borne  in  mind  that  new  counties  were  established 
from  the  county  of  Brown,  between  nearly  every  taking  of 
the  census,  and  that  the  foregoing  table,  so  far  as  showing  the 
increase  of  population  is  concerned,  is  a  very  unsatisfactory 
one.  The  following  are  the  county  officers  fur  1853  and  1854 : 
County  Judge,  David  Agry ;  Sheriff,  Orlo  B.  Graves  ;  Clerk 
of  Court,  John  Last;  District  Attorney,  Baron  S.  Doty; 
Register  of  Deeds,  E.  Holmes  Ellis  ;  Clerk  of  Board  of  Super 
visors,  Win.  Field,  Jr. ;  County  Treasurer,  Charles  Henry ; 
County  Surveyor,  Eli  P.  Koyce ;  Coroner,  David  Cormier. 

BROWN,  Lake,  about  one  and  a  half  miles  east  of  the  village  of 
Burlington,  in  Racine  county.  It  is  nearly  a  mile  in  diam 
eter,  and  discharges  its  waters  into  the  Pishtaka. 

BUENA  VISTA,  P.  V.,  Portage  county,  on  section  20,  town  22  N., 
of  range  9  E. ;  100  miles  north  from  Madison,  in  a  good  farm 
ing  country  ;  with  100  inhabitants,  25  dwellings,  3  hotels,  and 
1  church. 

BUENA  VISTA,  Town,  in  county  of  St.  Croix. 

BUCK,  Creek,  empties  into  the  Mississippi,  in  town  9,  Crawford 
county. 

BUFFALO,  Town,  in  county  of  Marquette,  being  township  14  !N"., 
of  range  10  E.  It  has  4  school  districts. 

BUFFALO,  Lcike,  Marquette  county,  is  an  expansion  of  the  Keenah 
river,  about  12  miles  in  length.  It  is  mostly  in  town  15  ]$"., 
of  ranges  9  and  10  E. 

BUFFALO,  River,  forms  the  boundary  line  for  several  miles  be 
tween  La  Crosse  and  Chippewa  counties,  emptying  into  the 
Mississippi,  in  town  24  N.,  of  range  6  E. 


58  WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER. 

BUFFALO,  Slough,  the  name  given  to  the  lower  mouth  of  the  Chip- 
pewa  river. 

BULLION,  P.  0.,  in  "Waukesha  county. 

BURKE,  Town,  in  the  county  of  Dane,  being  township  8  N.,  of 
range  10  E. ;  located  6  miles  from  Madison,  the  county  seat. 
It  has  6  school  districts. 

BURLINGTON,  Town,  in  the  county  of  Racine,  north  |  of  town  2  !N\, 
and  town  3  1ST.,  of  range  19  E. ;  located  24  miles  west  of 
Racine,  the  county  seat.  The  population  in  1850  was  1,640. 
It  has  8  school  districts. 

BURLINGTON,  P.  V.,  on  Fox  river,  in  town  of  same  name,  in 
county  of  Racine,  on  section  32,  in  town  4  E".,  of  range  19 
E. 

BURNETT  CORNERS,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  Burnett,  Dodge  county. 
BURNETT,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Dodge  county. 

BURNETTE,  Town,  in  the  county  of  Dodge,  being  town  12  N.,  of 
range  15  E. ;  located  6  miles  north  from  Juneau,  the  county 
seat.  The  population  in  1850  was  816.  It  has  6  school  dis" 
tricts. 

BURNT  DISTRICT,  Falls,  two  perpendicular  falls  in  the  Menominee 
river,  near  its  source,  about  a  mile  apart,  and  9  feet  in  height. 

BURNT  WOOD,  Hwer,  see  Bois  Brule. 

BUTLER,  P.O.,  Milwaukee  county,  on  section  6  in  town  of  Wau- 
watosa,  (town  Y  !N".,  range  21  E.,)  8  miles  northwest  from  Mil 
waukee,  on  the  Lisbon  plank  road,  being  the  route  of  the 
North  Madison  Territory  road  from  Milwaukee,  and  80  miles 
from  Madison.  It  has  1  hotel  and  a  steam  saw  mill. 

BUTTE  DES  MORTS,  P.  V.,  Winnebago  county,  on  section  24  in  town 
of  "Wmneconne,  (town  19  N".,  of  range  15  E.),  10  miles  north 
west  from  Oshkosh,  the  county  seat,  and  85  miles  northeast 
from  Madison.  It  is  beautifully  situated  on  a  high  bluff  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Fox  river,  near  the  head  of  lake  Butte 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER.  59 

des  Morts,  from  which  it  takes  its  name.  It  offers  many  In 
ducements  to  the  settler,  being  a  very  healthy  location,  and 
surrounded  by  a  good  fanning  country.  Lumber  is  plenty, 
immense  quantities  being  rafted  on  the  river.  Population, 
100;  with  15  dwellings,  5  stores,  3  hotels,  1  steam  mill,  2 
religious  denominations,  and  various  mechanical  shops. 

BYRON,  Town,  in  county  of  Fond  du  Lac,  being  town  14  BT.,  of 
range  IT  E. ;  centrally  located,  8  miles  south  from  Fond  du 
Lac,  the  county  seat.  The  population  in  1850  was  882.  It  has 
9  school  districts. 

CADIZ,  P.  V.)  in  town  of  same  name,  Greene  county ;  being  on 
section  14,  in  town  1  !N".,  of  range  6  E. 

CADIZ,  Town-)  in  the  county  of  Green,  being  town  1  IT.,'  of  range 
6  E. ;  centrally  located,  8  miles  southwest  from  Monroe.  The 
population  in  1850  was  459.  It  has  5  school  districts. 

CADWELL,  P.  0.,  in  county  of  Racine. 

CALAMUS,  Town,  in  the  county  of  Dodge,  being  town  11  !N".,  of 
range  13  E. ;  centrally  located,  12  miles  west  from  Juneau, 
the  county  seat.  It  has  6  school  districts. 

CALEDONIA,  P.  O.,  in  town  of  same  name,  in  county  of  Racine ; 
being  town  4  ~N.,  of  range  22  E. 

CALEDONIA,  Tovrn,  in  the  county  of  Racine,  being  town  4  N.,  of 
range  22  E. ;  centrally  located,  6  miles  northwest  from  Racine. 
The  population  in  1850  was  1,065.  It  has  11  school  districts. 

CALEDONIA,  Town,  in  the  county  of  Columbia.  It  has  6  school 
districts. 

CALEDONIA,  Town,  in  the  county  of  Portage. 

CALUMET,  County r,  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Brown  and  Outaga- 
mie,  on  the  east  by  Manitowoc,  on  the  south  by  Sheboygan 
and  Fond  du  Lac,  and  on  the  west  by  Winnebago.  It  was 
set  off  from  Brown,  December  T,  1836,  and  organized  for 
county  purposes,  January  6,  1840.  On  the  13th  of  August, 
1840,  it  was  disorganized,  and  its  territory  attached  to  Brown. 


60  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

It  was  again  reorganized  February  18,  1842,  remaining  in 
judicial  connection  with  Brown  until  the  organization  of  Fond 
du  Lac,  January  22,  1844,  to  which  it  was  attached  for  judi 
cial  purposes.  It  was  fully  organized  February  5,  1840.  The 
seat  of  justice  is  at  Chilton  Centre,  in  the  town  of  Charles- 
town,  being  in  town  18  IST.,  of  range  20  E.  It  is  well  watered 
by  tributaries  of  the  Manitowoc  river,  and  by  small  streams 
entering  Lake  Winnebago.  The  Brothertown  and  Stockbridge 
Indians  have  fine  settlements,  schools,  and  churches,  in  this 
county,  and  their  farms  and  buildings  compare  favorably  with 
others  in  the  State.  They  are  entitled  to  all  the  privileges  of 
citizenship,  and  are  frequently  represented  by  some  of  their 
own  number  in  the  State  legislature.  This  county  contains 
much  good  land,  which  is  for  sale  at  low  rates ;  the  soil  is 
good,  and  covered  with  a  heavy  growth  of  hard  timber.  It 
forms  a  portion  of  the  fourth  judicial  circuit,  of  the  third 
congressional,  and  of  the  first  senate  district,  and  sends  one 
member  to  the  assembly.  The  population  in  1840  was  275  ; 
1842,407;  1846,836;  1847,1,060;  1850,1,746.  Farms,  243; 
manufactories,  5 ;  dwellings,  381.  The  county  officers  for 
1853  and  1854  are  :  County  Judge,  Moody  Mann ;  Sheriff, 
J.  S.  Hammer ;  Clerk  of  Court,  Charles  Growing ;  Itegister, 
L.  P.  Fowler. 

CALUMET,  P.  I7".,  in  town  of  same  name,  Fond  du  Lac  county. 

CALUMET,  Town,  in  the  county  of  Fond  du  Lac,  being  the  south 
fractional  half  of  township  17  X.,  of  range  18  and  19  E.,  and 
north  fractional  half  of  town  16  N.,  of  range  19  E. ;  centrally 
located,  10  miles  northeast  from  Fond  du  Lac.  The  popula 
tion  in  1850,  as  then  organized,  1,704. 

CALVIN'S,  Creek,  in  Manitowoc  county,  a  small  stream,  entering 
Lake  Michigan  about  5  miles  southwest  from  the  mouth  of 
the  Manitowoc  river. 

CAMBRIDGE,  P.  V.,  in  northern  part  of  town  of  Christiana,  Dane 
county,  on  stage  route  from  Madison  to  Whitewater. 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER.  61 

CAMP,  Creek,  rises  in  the  north  west  corner  of  Richland  county, 
and  runs  westerly  into  Otter  creek,  of  Bad  Ax  county. 

CAMP,  Lake,  in  Kenosha  county,  is  a  long  and  narrow  lake  near 
the  centre  of  the  town  of  Salem. 

CARMA,  Island,  near  the  western  shore  of  lake  Michigan,  in  Door 
county. 

CASCADE,  P.  V.,  Sheboygan  county,  in  town  of  same  name,  on 
section  29,  town  14  X.,  of  range  21  E. ;  18  miles  southwest 
from  Sheboygan,  and  110  miles  northeast  from  Madison,  on 
the  most  direct  route  between  the  same.  It  is  situated  on  the 
east  branch  of  the  Milwaukee  river,  and  has  a  good  water- 
power  ;  in  the  midst  of  a  good,  though  new,  farming  country, 
mostly  of  timbered  lands.  It  has  300  inhabitants,  25  families, 
2  stores,  2  hotels,  1  saw,  and  1  grist  mill;  3  organized  deno 
minations,  baptist,  congregational,  and  methodist.  It  has  a 
good  charter  for  an  academy. 

CASSVILLE,  P.  V.  in  town  of  same  name,  Grant  county,  being  in 
town  3  X.,  of  range  5  W.,  on  the  Mississippi  river,  and  was 
formerly  a  place  of  considerable  importance. 

CASSVILLE,  Town,  in  county  of  Grant,  being  all  of  the  same  em 
braced  in  towns  3  and  4  X.,  of  ranges  5  and  6  "W. ;  centrally 
located,  15  miles  southwest  from  Lancaster,  the  county  seat. 
It  has  7  school  districts. 

CASTLE  ROCK,  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Wisconsin  river,  in  town 
15  X.,  of  range  5  E,,  in  Adams  county. 

CATFISH,  River,  rises  in  the  Fourth  Lake,  and  connecting  the  four 
lakes  in  Dane  county,  runs  southeast,  emptying  into  the  Rock 
river  in  the  town  of  Fulton,  Rock  county. 

CEDARBURG,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Ozaukee  county,  being 
on  section  34,  town  10  N.,  of  range  21  E. ;  located  10  miles 
southwest  from  Ozaukee. 

CEDARBURG-,  Town,  in  county  of  Washington,  being  town  10  "N., 
of  range  21  E.,  excepting  the  easterly  range  of  sections  be- 


62  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

longing  to  the  town  of  Grafton ;  centrally  located,  8  miles 
southwest  from  Ozaukee,  the  county  seat.  The  population  in 
1850  was  1,134.  It  has  7  school  districts. 

CEDAR  CREEK,  P.  Jr.,  in  town  of  Polk,  "Washington  county,  being 
on  section  10,  in  town  10  1ST.,  of  range  19  E. 

CEDAE  GROVE,  P.  V.,  in  Sheboygan  county,  in  section  30,  town 
13  N.,  of  range  23  E. ;  located  15  miles  southerly  from  She 
boygan,  and  75  miles  east  northeast  from  Madison.  It  has  6 
dwellings,  1  hotel,  and  2  stores. 

CEDAE,  Lake,  is  a  small  lake  on  the  line  between  the  towns  of 
Polk  and  West  Bend,  in  Washington  county. 

CEDAE,  Lake,  in  the  town  of  Rhine,  Sheboygan  county,  on  sections 
31  and  32,  town  16  K,  of  range  21  E. 

CEDAR,  Rapids,  of  Fox  river,  about  half  way  between  Grand  and 
Little  Chute. 

CEDAE,  River,  rises  in  Cedar  lake,  and  running  southeasterly 
enters  Milwaukee  river  in  the  southwest  corner  of  the  town 
of  Grafton,  Washington  county. 

CENTEE,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Rock  county. 

CENTEE,  Town,  in  county  of  Rock,  being  town  3  !N".,  range  9  E. ; 
centrally  located  10  miles  west  of  Janes ville.  The  popula 
tion  in  1850  was  625.  It  has  7  school  districts. 

CENTRE,  Lake,  a  small  lake  in  the  centre  of  the  town  of  Trenton, 
Washington  county. 

CENTRES,  River,  is  a  small  tributary  entering  Manitowoc  river  about 
10  miles  from  its  mouth,  having  its  source  in  Brown  county. 

CENTREVILLE,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  Randolph,  Columbia  county. 

CENTEEVILLE,  Town,  in  county  of  Waupacca,  being  the  northwest 
portion  of  the  same. 

CEEESCO,  Town,  in  county  of  Eond  du  Lac,  being  town  16  N.,  of 
range  14  E. ;  located  19  miles  northwest  from  Fond  du  Lac 
city.  It  has  6  school  districts. 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER.  63 

CERESCO,  P.  O.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Fond  du  Lac  county,  on 
sections  16,  17,  20  and  21. 

CHAGWAMIGON,  or  CHE-GOI-ME-GON,  Bay,  see  Shagwamigon. 

CHAGWAMIGON,  Point,  in  La  Pointe  county,  east  of  bay  of  same 
name. 

CHAMBER'S,  Island,  near  the  eastern  shore  of  Green  Bay,  in  towns 
32  and  33  K,  of  range  27  E.,  in  Door  county. 

CHAMBER'S,  Lake,  is  about  a  mile  in  length,  on  an  island  of  same 
name  in  Green  Bay. 

CHAPPEAU,  Rapids,  of  the  Menomonee  river,  are  above  Menomo- 
nee  Rapids. 

CHARLESTON,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Calumet  county,  on 
section  6. 

CHARLESTOWN,  Town,  in  county  of  Calumet,  being  in  the  east  part 
thereof.  It  has  6  school  districts. 

CHARLOTTE,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  Cassville,  Grant  county,  being  town 
4  K,  of  range  5  W. 

CHERRY  HILL,  P.  0.,  in  Washington  county. 

CHESTER,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Dodge  county,  on  section 

28. 

CHESTER,  Town,  in  county  of  Dodge,  being  town  13  !N".,  of  range 
15  E.;  centrally  located,  13  miles  northwest  from  Jnneau. 
Population  in  1850  was  829.  It  has  4  school  districts. 

CHILTON  CENTRE,  P.  V.,  and  C.  II. ,  in  town  of  Charleston,  Calu 
met  county,  town  18  !N".,  of  range  20  E.  The  county  seat 
was  located  at  this  place  by  a  vote  of  the  county,  in  1852. 

CHIPPEWA  FALLS,  P.  V.,  and  C.  H.,  at  falls  of  Chippewa  river,  in 
county  of  same  name,  at  which  place  the  river  has  a  descent 
of  24  feet  in  half  a  mile.     Population  250.     Good  hotel  and 
several  mills. 

CHIPPEWA,  County,  is  bounded  on  the  !N".  by  St.  Croix  and  La 
Pointe,  on  the  E.  by  Marathon,  on  the  S.  by  La  Crosse,  on 


64  WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER. 

the  S.  ~W.  by  the  Mississippi  river,  and  on  the  "W.  by  St, 
Croix.  The  southern  boundary  is  rather  indefinitely  defined. 
It  was  established  from  Crawford,  February  3,  1835,  but  has 
never  been  organized.  Since  the  organization  of  La  Crosse 
county,  March  1,  1851,  the  county  and  judicial  connection 
has  been  changed  from  Crawford  to  La  Crosse.  The  bound- 

O 

aries  wrere  somewhat  charged  January  14,  1846.  Population 
in  1850  was  615.  The  soil  in  the  western  portion  is  good,  in 
the  northeastern  less  valuable,  and  covered  with  forests  of 
excellent  pine  timber.  It  is  watered  by  ChippewTa  river  and 
its  branches,  and  tributaries  of  Buffalo  and  Mississippi  rivers. 
The  tributaries  of  the  Chippewa  river  are  numerous,  and 
pass  through  large  portions  of  the  county,  watering  lands  as 
valuable  as  any  in  the  State.  There  are  now  in  successful 
operation  11  saw  mills,  capable  of  cutting  30,000,000  feet 
of  lumber  annually.  The  largest  of  these  mills  is  owned  by 
Allen,  at  Chippewa  Falls  ;  Menomonee,  owned  by  Ivnapp, 
"Williams  &  Taintor;  and  Carson  &  Eaton,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Eau  Galla,  which  average  about  5,000,000  of  feet  each, 
per  annum,  and  furnish  employment  for  about  200  hands 
each.  The  county  seat  was  established  by  an  act  of  the 
legislature,  at  the  January  session  1853,  at  Chippewa  Falls, 
on  Chippewa  river. 

CHIPPEWA  Utapids,  in  county  of  same  name.  This  name  has  been 
given  to  two  rapids  in  Chippewa  river,  one  in  town  29  !N"., 
of  range  8  "W.,  and  the  other  in  town  30  iST.,  of  range  7  TV. 

CHIPPEWA  (Ojibwa),  River ',  the  largest  tributary  in  Wisconsin  of 
the  Mississippi,  into  which  it  empties  in  town  22  1ST.,  of  range 
14  W.  It  rises  near  the  head  waters  of  Bad  river  of  Lake 
Superior,  and  runs  southerly,  to  its  mouth,  where  it  is  500 
yards  wide. 

CHRISTIANA,  Town,  in  county  of  Dane,  being  town  6  !N".,  of  range 
12  E. ;  centrally  located  17  miles  southeast  from  Madison. 
The  population  in  1850  was  785.  It  has  10  school  districts. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  65 

CHRISTIANA,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Dane  county,  on  section 
23,  town  6  !N".,  of  range  12  E.,  being  23  miles  southeast  from 
Madison.  It  is  situated  on  Koskonong  creek — possesses  good 
water  power,  with  good  lime  stone  and  excellent  quarries  of 
sand  stone.  Population  200,  dwellings  30,  stores  2,  hotels  1, 
mills  2,  a  stone  school  house,  and  1  carding  machine. 

CHRYSTAL  LAKE,   Town,  in  county  of  Marquette,  being  town  17 

!N".,  of  range  10. 

CLAIRVILLE,  P.  0.,  in  Winnebago  county. 
CLARENCE,  P.  0.,  in  the  county  of  Greene. 

CLARNO,  Town,  in  county  of  Green,  being  town  1  !N~.,  of  range  7; 
centrally  located,  7  miles  south  from  Monroe.  The  popula 
tion  in  1850  was  714.  It  has  5  school  districts. 

CLAYTOX,  Town,  in  county  of  Winnebago,  being  town  20  N.,  range 
of  16  E. ;  centrally  located,  13  miles  from  Oshkosh.  The 
population  in  Ib50  was  4:02.  It  has  4  school  districts. 

CLEARWATER,  P.  V.,  in  Chippewa  county,  in  town  27  N.,  of  range 
9  W.,  at  the  mouth  of  L'eau  Claire  river.  Population,  200; 
2  mills,  1  store,  and  1  hotel. 

CLEARWATER,  Ricer,  see  L'eau  Claire,  Chippewa  county. 

CLIFTON,  Town,  in  county  of  Grant,  being  town  5  N".,  of  range  1 
W. ;  centrally  located,  12  miles  west  from  Lancaster.  It  has 
5  school  districts. 

CLIFTON,  Village,  in  the  town  of  Eoxbury,  Dane  county,  imme 
diately  opposite  Prairie  du  Sac,  on  the  Wisconsin  river.  The 
location  is  a  beautiful  one,  possessing  good  shores  and  other 
facilities  for  unloading  rafts  and  boats.  As  yet,  but  few 
improvements  have  been  made.  There  is  1  store,  1  tannery, 
2  lumber  yards,  and  about  50  inhabitants.  A  large  portion 
of  the  lumber  used  in  Madison  and  the  interior  of  Dane 
county,  is  brought  from  this  place,  to  which  it  is  floated  from 
the  immense  pineries  on  the  Upper  Wisconsin  river.  Its 
prospects  for  being  an  important  lumbering  and  trading  point 
are,  at  present,  very  flattering. 


66  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

CLINTON,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Kock  county. 

CLINTON,  Town,  in  county  of  Rock,  being  town  1  IS".,  of  range  14 
E. ;  centrally  located,  14  miles  southeast  from  Janesville.  The 
population  in  1850  was  1,176.  It  has  8  school  districts. 

CLYDE,  Town,  in  county  of  Iowa,  being  part  of  townships  7  and  8 
N".,  of  ranges  2  and  3  E. ;  centrally  located,  18  miles  north  of 
Mineral  Point,  the  county  seat.  It  has  3  school  districts.  It 
is  on  the  Wisconsin  river,  on  both  sides  of  Otter  creek.  It 
is  an  agricultural  town,  well  timbered  and  watered,  and  has 
one  grist  mill. 

CLYMAN,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Dodge  county. 

CLYMAN,  Town,  in  county  of  Dodge,  being  town  10  !N".,  of  range 
15  E. ;  centrally  located,  6  miles  south  from  Juneau.  The 
population  in  1850  was  735.  It  has  9  school  districts. 

COLAMER,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  Kingston,  Sank  county. 

COLD  SPRING,  Lake,  a  small  lake  in  the  town  of  Eredonia,  "Wash 
ington  county. 

COLD  SPRING,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  same  name,  in  the  county  of  Jef 
ferson  ;  8  miles  southeast  from  Jefferson. 

COLD  SPRING,  Race  Course,  situated  2  miles  west  from  Milwaukee, 
the  property  of  E.  B.  Walcott,  M.  D.,  of  Milwaukee. 

COLD  SPRING,  Town,  in  county  of  Jefferson,  being  town  1  K., 
of  range  15  E. ;  centrally  located,  9  miles  southeast  from 
Jefferson.  The  population  in  1850  wras  568.  It  has  5  school 
districts. 

COLUMBUS,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  same  name,  on  section  12  Columbia 
county,  on  the  Crawfish  river.  It  is  considerable  of  a  village. 

COLUMBUS,  Town,  in  county  of  Columbia,  being  town  10  !N".,  of 
range  12  ;  centrally  located,  24  miles  southeast  from  Portage. 
The  population  in  1850  was  960.  It  has  7  school  districts. 

COLUMBIA,  County,  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Adams  and  Mar- 
quette,  on  the  east  by  Dodge,  on  the  south  by  Dane,  and  on 
the  west  by  Sauk ;  and  is  located  mostly  in  the  vicinity  of  the 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  Of 

Portage  of  the  Fox  and  Wisconsin  rivers.  It  was  set  off  from 
Portage  and  organized  February  3,  184:6.  The  boundaries 
were  somewhat  changed  March  6,  1849.  The  streams  of  this 
county  are  :  the  Fox,  (JSTeenah),  Wisconsin,  and  Crawfish 
rivers,  and  Rocky  Run,  Ockie,  bpring,  and  Duck  creeks.  For 
fertility  of  soil  and  feasibility  of  lands,  the  most  of  which  are 
openings  and  prairie,  this  county  is  unsurpassed  by  any  other 
in  the  State.  It  is  connected  with  the  third  judicial  circuit, 
and  with  the  third  congressional  district,  and  constitutes  the 
twenty-fifth  senate  district ;  sends  two  members  to  the  assem 
bly,  being  divided  into  the  north  and  south  assembly  districts, 
nearly  of  the  same  size.  The  towns  of  Winnebago,  Port  IIopey 
Marcellon,  Scott,  Randolph,  Portage,  Prairie,  Spring  Yale, 
and  Wyocena,  forming  the  first ;  and  the  towns  of  Columbusr 
Fountain  Prairie,  Hampden,  Otsego,  Leeds,  Lowville,  Lodiy 
Dekorra,  Westpoint,  and  Caledonia,  the  second  district.  The 
vote  of  the  electors  at  the  annual  town  meeting  in  April,, 
1851,  permanently  located  the  seat  of  justice  at  Fort  Winne 
bago,  in  accordance  with  an  act  approved  March  15,  1851. 
The  population  in  1S46  was  1,969  ;  184:7,  3,791;  1850,9,565, 
Farms,  998;  manufactories,  25;  dwellings,  1,855.  County 
officers  for  1853  and  1854  :  County  Judge,  Joshua  J.  Guppy ; 
Sheriff,  Perry  Lee  ;  Clerk  of  Court,  James  Delany,  Register 
of  Deeds,  William  Owen  ;  Clerk  of  Board  of  Supervisors, 
Alvin  Alden ;  County  Treasurer,  II.  Hascall ;  County  Sur 
veyor,  John  Thomas ;  Coroner,  Isaac  Smith. 

COMO,  Lcike,  in  the  south  part  of  the  town  of  Geneva,  in  Wai- 
worth  county.  It  is  about  three  miles  long,  and  half  a  mile 
broad. 

CONCORD,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Jefferson  county,  on 
section  15,  known  as  "Kelloggs,"  formerly  Union  Centre. 

CONCORD,  Town,  in  county  of  Jefferson,  being  town  7  N".,  of  range 
16  E. ;  centrally  located,  10  miles  northeast  from  Jefferson. 
The  population  in  1850  was  725.  It  has  9  school  districts. 


68  WISCONSIN   GAZETTEEK. 

COOKS  VILLE,  P.  V.,  (Waucoma  village),  in  Rock  county,  being  on 
section  6,  town  4  JSL,  of  range  11  E.  It  is  16  miles  northwest 
from  Janesville,  and  18  miles  southeast  from  Madison,  on  the 
edge  <if  a  broad  and  gently  sloping  prairie  of  two  miles  in 
width.  It  is  on  the  Badtish,  with  three  good  millsites  within 
one  and  a  half  miles.  Population,  250  ;  dwellings,  35  ;  stores, 
3;  hotels,  1;  mills,  3.  1  Presbyterian  church,  1  sash  and 
door,  1  waggon,  1  harness,  1  shoe,  1  blacksmith,  1  cabinet, 
and  1  tailor  shop. 

COON,  Prairie,  in  Bad  Ax  county,  on  section  5,  town  13  !N".,  of 

range  4  "W. 
COOPERSTOWN,  P.  V.,  in  Brown  county,  on  section  1,  town  21  K, 

of  range  22  E. 

COPPER,  Creek,  empties  into  the  Mississippi,  in  town  6,  Crawford 
county. 

COPPER,  Creek,  is  a  small  stream  entering  Baraboo  river  from  the 
N.,  about  5  miles  below  Keedsburg. 

COTTAGE  GROVE,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Dane  county,  on 
section  23. 

COTTAGE  GROVE,  Town,  in  county  of  Dane,  being  town  7,  range 
11  E. ;  centrally  located,  10  miles  east  from  Madison.  The 
population  in  1850  was  1,022.  It  has  12  school  districts,  and 
3  hotels ;  the  settlers  are  principally  Irish  and  German. 

COURT-EOREILLE,  Lake,  (Lac  Court-eoreille,  Agasowi  Lake),  a  con 
siderable  lake  in  the  southern  part  of  La  Pointe  county,  dis 
charging  its  waters  through  a  river  of  the  same  name,  into 
the  Chippewa  river. 

COURT-EOREILLE,  River,  rises  in  lake  of  same  name,  runs  southeast 
into  the  Chippewa. 

COURTLAND,  Town,  in  county  of  Columbia. 

CRANBERRY,  Creek,  in  Adams  county,  is  a  northern  branch  of 
the  Yellow  river. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  69 

CRANBERRY,  Lakes,  several  small  lakes  in  the  town  of  Concord, 
Jefferson  county ;  have  been  so  named  on  account  of  the 
great  quantities  of  that  fruit  formerly  found  in  their  vicinity. 

CRAWFISH,  River,  rises  in  the  town  of  Hampden,  Columbia 
county,  and  running  southeasterly,  uniting  with  Beaver 
Dam  creek,  in  Dodge  county,  enters  Rock  river,  at  Jeiferson. 
It  is  about  the  same  size  as  Rock  river. 

CRAWFORD,  County,  is  located  at  the  junction  between  the  "Wis 
consin  and  Mississippi  rivers,  and  is  bounded  on  the  north 
by  Bad  Ax,  on  the  east  by  Richland,  on  the  southeast  by 
Grant,  and  on  the  west  by  the  Mississippi,  which  separates  it 
from  the  State  of  Iowa.  It  was  established  October  16, 1818, 
when  it  embraced  all  of  the  territory  between  the  Missis 
sippi  and  "  a  line  drawn  due  north  from  the  northern  line  of 
the  State  of  Illinois,  through,  the  centre  of  the  Portage  be- 

/  O  O 

tween  the  Fox  and  Wisconsin  rivers  to  the  Michilimacinac," 
and  derived  its  name  from  Hon.  Wm.  II.  Crawford,  formerly 
Secretary  of  War,  and  afterwards  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 
Its  limits  have  now  been  so  far  reduced  that  it  is  one  of  the 
smallest  counties  in  the  State.  The  seat  of  justice  is  at  Prairie 
du  Chien,  one  of  the  oldest  settlements  in  the  State,  on  the 
Mississippi  river,  about  three  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the 
Wisconsin,  and  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  locations  in  the 
west.  The  surface  of  the  country  is  broken  by  a  ridge  run 
ning  between  the  two  great  rivers.  The  soil,  for  the  most 
part,  is  good,  producing  wheat,  oats,  and  most  other  grains, 
which  find  a  ready  home  market,  in  supplying  the  lumber 
traders,  military  posts,  and  the  great  tide  of  emigration  which 
is  now  turned  to  this  and  the  neighboring  counties  of  La 
Crosse  and  Bad  Ax.  It  is  watered  by  the  Kickapoo  river 
and  its  branches,  and  small  streams  emptying  into  the  Mis 
sissippi  and  Wisconsin  rivers.  Between  the  Kickapoo  river 
and  Richland  county,  is  one  of  the  finest  tracts  of  country  in 
the  State.  It  is  well  supplied  with  pure  water;  and  good 
6 


70  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

timber  is  found  along  the  banks  of  the  small  streams,  and 
in  groves,  scattered  at  convenient  distances,  to  be  useful 
for  the  rapidly  increasing  population.  A  line  village  has 
been  regularly  laid  out  midway  between  the  mouth  of  the 
Kickapoo  and  the  Richland  county  line,  on  the  Wisconsin 
river,  called  Boyd's  town.  It  has  a  good  landing.  There 
is  much  pine  timber  in  this  county,  on  and  near  the  banks 
of  the  Kickapoo,  from  which  large  quantities  of  lumber 
are  manufactured,  finding  an  outlet  to  a  market  by  said 
river,  and  the  Wisconsin  and  Mississippi.  Copper  has  been 
found  in  the  northern  part  of  the  county,  in  such  quan 
tities  and  appearance  as  to  indicate  the  near  presence  of 
a  vast  body  of  that  mineral.  Xear  the  west  bank  of  the 
Kickapoo,  in  town  8,  has  been  found  considerable  quantities 
of  lead,  and  there  is  no  doubt  that  if  a  geological  survey  was 
made,  that  lead,  rivalling  in  quantity  and  purity  that  raised 
in  the  counties  of  Iowa,  Grant  and  Lafayette,  would  be  dis 
covered.  It  is  connected  with  the  sixth  judicial  circuit,  and 
the  nineteenth  senate  district,  and  with  Bad  Ax,  is  entitled 
to  one  member  of  the  assembly.  The  estimated  population 
of  Crawford  county  in  1825,  including  most  of  the  present 
State  and  a  portion  of  Minnesota,  was  492.  The  population 
in  1830  was  692  ;  1836,854;  1838,1,220;  1840,1,502;  1842, 
1,409;  1846,  1,444;  1847,  1,409;  1850,  (including  Bad  Ax 
and  La  Crosse,)  2,399  ;  1850,  within  its  present  limits,  1,407. 
Farms,  81 ;  manufactories,  14 ;  dwellings,  665.  The  above 
will  give  but  little  information  in  regard  to  the  increase  of 
population,  as  new  counties  were  set  orT  between  nearly  every 
taking  of  the  census.  The  present  population  of  the  county 
is  upwards  of  3,000.  County  Officers  for  1853  and  1854 : 
County  Judge,  Hiram  A.  Wright;  Sheriff,  Leander  LeClerc; 
Clerk  of  Court,  Ira  B.  Brunson  ;  District  Attorney,  Samuel 
Cowden  ;  Register  of  Deeds,  Ira  B.  Brunson  ;  Clerk  of  Board 
of  Supervisors,  Heman  Baldwin;  County  Treasurer,  I.  P. 
Perrett  Gentil ;  County  Surveyor,  Ira  B.  Brunson ;  Coroner, 
Henry  H.  Bailey. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  71 

CROCODILE,  River,  or  Eice  River,  see  Fond  du  Lac  river. 
CROOKED,  Lake,  a  small  body  of  water  near  the  Wisconsin,  in  the 

town  of  Fennirnore,  Grant  county. 

CROOKED,   Lake,   an  expansion  of  Ba:'k  river,   in  the  south  part 

of  the  town  of  Summit,  "Waukesha  county,  a  short  distance 

below  the  Xebahmm  lakes. 
CROOKED,  Lake,  near  the  centre  of  the  town  of  Auburn,  Fond  du 

Lac  county. 

CROSS  PLAIXS,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Dane  county. 
CROSS  PLAIXS,  Town,  in  the  county  of  Dane,  being  town  7  X.,  of 

ranges  (>   and   7  E. ;  centrally  located,    17   miles   W.   from 

Madison.     It  has  7  school  districts. 

CRYSTAL,  Lake,  in  Marquette  county,  in  town  17  X.,  on  a  line 
between  ranges  9  and  10  east,  discharging  its  waters  south 
easterly,  into  the  Neenah,  near  the  line  between  towns  15 
and  16  north. 

CYAOX,  Creek,  empties  into  the  Kickapoo  from  the  west,  in  town 
9  north,  in  Crawford  county. 

DAKOTAH,  Town,  in  county  of  Waushara,  being  town  18  N".,  of 
range  10;  centrally  located,  10  miles  west  from  Sacramento. 

DANE,  Town,  in  county  of  Dane,  being  town  9  X.,  of  range  8  E. ; 
centrally  located,  15  miles  northwest  from  Madison. 

DAXE,  County,  is  bounded  on  the  northwest  by  the  Wisconsin 
river,  by  which  it  is  separated  from  Sank  ;  on  the  north  by 
Columbia,  on  the  east  by  Dodge  and  Jefferson,  south  by  Eock 
and  Green,  and  west  by  Iowa.  It  was  established  from  Mil 
waukee  and  Iowa,  and  attached  to  Iowa  for  judicial  purposes 
December  7,  1836,  and  fully  organized  March  11,  1839. 
The  seat  of  justice  is  at  Madison,  near  the  geographical 
centre  of  the  county,  and  the  Court  House  is  the  best  in  the 
State.  Dane  county  contains  about  1,250  square  miles,  mostly 
of  good  tillable  land,  and  a  fertile  soil,  well  apportioned 
between  woodland,  openings  and  prairie,  and  is  well  adapted 


72  WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER. 

to  grazing,  and  the  raising  of  grain,  roots  and  fruit.  There 
is,  in  the  county,  considerable  non-resident  land  which  can 
be  bought  on  reasonable  terms.  One  of  the  most  attractive 
features  of  the  county  is  its  beautiful  lakes  of  clear,  pure 
cold  water,  originating  in  deep  springs.  The  Catfish  river 
forms  the  outlet  of  these  lakes,  and  passes  from  the  northwest 
to  the  southeast  completely  through  the  chain  known  as  the 
Four  Lakes.  The  county  is  connected  with  the  second  judi 
cial  circuit,  the  second  congressional  district,  and  constitutes 
the  eleventh  senate  district.  It  is  divided  into  assembly  dis 
tricts  as  follows :  1st.  The  towns  of  Dunkirk,  Christiana, 
Pleasant  Springs  and  Albion.  2d.  The  towns  of  Cottage 
Grove,  Deerfield,  Sun  Prairie,  Medina,  York  and  Bristol. 
3d.  The  towns  of  Yeroria,  Montrose,  Oregon,  Greenfield, 
Dunn  and  Rutland.  4th.  The  towns  of  Perry,  Primrose, 
Blue  Mounds,  Springdale,  Cross  Plains,  Middleton,  Spring 
field,  Berry,  Black  Earth,  Roxbury  and  Dane.  5th.  The  vil 
lage  and  town  of  Madison,  and  the  towns  of  Bnrk,  Blooming 
Grove,  Westport,  Vienna  arid  Windsor.  The  county  is 
watered  by  the  Catfish  and  Sugar  rivers,  and  Black  Earth, 
Badfish,  Token,  Waterloo  and  Koskonong  creeks.  .  The  pop 
ulation  in  1836  was  Ebenezer  Brigham ;  1838,  172  ;  1840, 
314;  1842,  8,289;  1847,  10,935;  1850,  16,654.  Farms, 
1,511 ;  manufactories,  87;  dwellings,  3,510.  County  Officers  : 
County  Judge,  E".  Bishop  Eddy  ;  Clerk  of  the  Court,  Charles 
Lumm ;  Sheriff,  Willet  S.  Main ;  Register,  John  B.  Sweat ; 
Clerk  of  Board  Supervisors,  Gabriel  Bjornsen  ;  District  At 
torney,  Samuel  H.  Roys ;  Treasurer,  Philo  Dunning ;  Sur 
veyor,  Russel  Babbitt ;  Coroner,  Andrew  Bishop. 

DARIEN,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Walworth  county. 

DAKIEN,  Town,  in  county  of  Walworth,  being  town  2  JST.,  of  range 
15  E. ;  centrally  located,  10  miles  southwest  from  Elkhorn, 
the  county  seat.  The  population  in  1850  was  1,013.  It  has 
8  school  districts. 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER. 

DARTFORD,  P.  J7.,  in  town  of  Brooklyn,  the  seat  of  justice  of  Mar- 
quette  county,  is  located  on  the  outlet  of  Green  Lake,  in  the 
openings  on  section  21,  town  16  1ST.,  of  range  13  E. ;  65  miles 
northeast  from  Madison.  It  contains  about  400  temperate 
and  industrious  inhabitants.  It  is  on  the  stage  route  from 
Milwaukee  to  Berlin  and  Plover,  as  also  on  the  great  western 
thoroughfare  from  Sheboygan  and  Fond  du  Lac.  The  climate 
of  this  vicinity  is  very  healthy.  It  has  58  dwellings,  5  stores, 
1  hotel,  4  mills,  5  mechanical  shops,  1  church,  and  3  organ 
ized  religious  denominations. 

DAYTON,  Town,  (formerly  Middletown),  in  county  of  Marquette. 

DAYTON,  Town,  (formerly  Embarrass),  in  northeast  corner  of  the 
county  of  Waupacca.  It  was  organized  in  the  fall  of  1852. 

DAYTON,  Town,  in  county  of  Waushara,  being  town  21,  of  range 

11. 

DEAD,  Lake,  in  town  24  K.,  of  range  14  "W.,  in  Chippewa  county. 
DEAD,  Lake,  near  Madison,  in  Dane  county. 

DEATH'S,  Door,  the  entrance  from  Lake  Michigan  to  Green  Bay, 
between  Plum  Island  and  the  main  land  of  Door  county. 

DECATUR,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  same  name,  in  Green  county. 

DECATUR,  Town,  in  the  county  of  Green,  being  town  2  N.,  of 
range  9  ;  centrally  located,  southeast  from  Monroe.  The  pop 
ulation  in  1850  was  558.  It  has  7  school  districts. 

DEER,  Creek,  a  tributary  from  the  northwest,  rises  in  "Waushara 
county,  entering  Mechan  river  in  town  17  E".,  of  range  9. 

DEER,  Creek,  a  small  stream,  entering  Rock  river  about  2  miles 
above  Fort  Atkinson. 

DEERFIELD,  Town,  in  conuty  of  Dane,  being  town  7  !N".,  of  range 
12  E. ;  centrally  located,  16  miles  east  from  Madison. 

DEERFIELD,  P.  0.,  in  Dane  county,  on  section  9,  town  7  N".,  of 
range  12  E. ;  16  miles  east  from  Madison,  at  Junction  of 
Columbus  and  Janesville  stage  road  with  the  great  eastern 


74:  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEEK. 

mail  route  and  thoroughfare  from  Galena  to  Milwaukee.  It 
has  75  inhabitants,  13  dwellings,  2  stores,  and  1  hotel ;  and 
is  located  in  the  vicinity  of  good  timber,  prairie  and  open 
ings,  and  has  excellent  water.  This  place  is  well  known  as 
"Hyer's,"  in  honor  of  D.  R.  Hyer,  by  whom  it  was  settled 
in  1843,  at  which  time  he  wras  the  only  settler  within  6  miles. 

DEEK,  Lake,  is  a  small  lake  in  the  town  of  Harmony,  Rock  county. 

DEKOKKA,  Town,  in  county  of  Columbia,  being  town  11  X.,  of 
ranges  9  and  10  E. ;  centrally  located,  10  miles  from  Portage 
city.  The  population  in  1850  was  661.  It  has  8  school  districts. 

DEKORRA,  P.  I7!,  in  Columbia  county,  on  section  6,  town  11  !N\, 
of  range  9  E. ;  6  miles  south  from  Portage  city,  and  30  miles 
northwest  from  Madison.  Its  location  is  on  the  east  side  of 
the  Wisconsin  river,  at  the  mouth  of  Rocky  Run  creek,  and 
has  150  inhabitants,  45  dwellings,  2  stores,  2  hotels,  1  mill, 
and  1  methodist  church. 

DEKORRA,  Mounds,  in  La  Crosse  county,  on  sections  3  and  4,  town 
18  !N".,  of  range  7  W.,  near  Black  river. 

DELAFIELD,  Town,  in  county  of  Waukesha,  being  town  7  IsL,  of 
range  18  E. ;  centrally  located,  9  miles  northwest  from  Wauk- 
esha.  The  population  in  1850  was  1,134.  It  has  5  school  districts. 

DELAFIELD.  P.  "F".,  on  Bark  river,  in  town  of  same  name  in  Wau- 
kesha  county,  on  section  20.  The  former  great  western 
thoroughfare,  from  Milwaukee  to  Madison,  passed  through 
this  place,  but  since  the  completion  of  the  Watertown  and 
Milwaukee  plank  road,  which  passes  2J-  miles  north,  the  vil 
lage  has  lost,  in  a  great  degree,  the  activity  and  bustle  that 
once  characterized  it.  It  has  2  good  flouring  mills,  1  machine 
shop,  4  stores,  3  hotels,  3  shoe  shops,  3  blacksmiths,  2  cabinet 
and  2  waggon  maker's  shops. 

DELAY  AN,  P.  I7".,  in  town  of  same  name,  Walworth  county,  being 

on  section  18.   It  is  the  seat  of  the  Wisconsin  Deaf  and  Dumb 

Institution ;  has  an  excellent  flour  mill  with  good  hydraulic 

'  power,  and  one  of  the  best  nurseries  in  the  State.     It  is  60 

miles  southeast  from  Madison. 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER.  75 

DELAVAN,  Town,  in  Walworth  county,  being  town  2  N.,  of  range 
16  E. ;  centrally  located,  5  miles  southeast  from  Elkhorn,  the 
county  seat.  The  population  in  1850,  was  1,260.  It  has  6 
school  districts. 

DELAY  AX,  Lake,  is  in  the  southern  part  of  the  town  of  the  same 
name.  It  is  about  three  miles  in  length,  and  one  in  width, 
discharging  its  waters  through  its  outlet  into  Turtle  creek. 

DELHI,  P.  I7".,  in  Winnebago  county,  on  section  20,  town  18,  of 
range  20.  It  is  located  on  the  south  side  of  Fox  river,  12 
miles  northwest  from  Oshkosh  and  80  miles  northeast  from 
Madison.  Population  150 ;  40  dwellings,  3  stores,  1  hotel, 
and  2  mills. 

DELL,  Creek,  a  considerable  tributary  from  the  west,  entering  the 
"Wisconsin  river  in  the  town  of  New  Buffalo,  Sauk  county. 

DELL,  Creek,  P.  0.,  on  creek  of  same  name,  in  Sauk  county. 
DELL,  Prairie,  a  large  prairie  near  the  Dells  of  Wisconsin. 

DELLOXA,  P.  0.,  Sauk  county,  in  town  of  the  same  name,  near 
centre  of  town  13,  of  range  5  E. ;  15  miles  northerly  from 
Baraboo,  and  55  miles  northwest  from  Madison.  It  is  half 
way  between  Reedsburg  and  Delton,  being  about  6  miles 
from  each. 

DELLONA,  Town,  in  Sauk  county,  being  town  13  !N~.,  of  range  5  E., 
The  population  is  about  400. 

DELLS,  in  Chippewa  river,  in  town  28,  of  range  9  "W. 

DELLS,  in  "Wisconsin  river,  in  town  15  !N".,  of  range  5  E.  The  river 
passes  between  rocks,  300  feet  high,  for  8  miles. 

DELLTON,  P.  V.,  in  Sauk  count}^,  in  town  of  Deltona,  on  section 
21,  town  13  K,  of  range  6  E. ;  10  miles  northerly  from  Bar 
aboo,  and  50  miles  from  Madison.  It  is  well  situated  on  Dell 
creek,  one  and  a  half  miles  from  its  mouth  into  the  Wiscon 
sin.  It  has  a  steamboat  navigation  with  the  Upper  Missis 
sippi,  through  the  Wisconsin  river,  which  is  navigable  to  this 
point.  It  is  also  on  the  proposed  route  of  the  Milwaukee  and 


76  WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER. 

La  Crosse  railroad.     It  Las  140  inhabitants.  34  dwellings,  2 
stores,  2  hotels,  2  churches,  and  7  mechanical  shops. 

DELTONA,  Town,  in  county  of  Sank,  being  town  13  !N".,  of  range 
6  E. ;  centrally  located,  northwest  from  Baraboo.  It  has  6 
school  districts. 

DENOON,  P.  T7".,  "Wankesha  county,  on  the  north  line  of  Racine 
county,  on  section  32,  town  5  !N".,  of  range  20  E.  (Muskego), 
and  section  5,  town  4  jST.,  of  range  20  E.  (Norway) ;  15  miles 
southeast  from  Waukesha,  25  miles  northwest  from  Racine, 
and  80  miles  southeast  from  Madison.  It  is  located  on  the 
Milwaukee  and  Rochester  plank  road,  20  miles  southwest 
from  Milwaukee,  on  the  east  bank  of  Denoon  lake.  Popula 
tion  100 ;  10  dwellings,  1  store,  1  hotel,  several  mechanical 
shops,  and  1  Lutheran  church. 

DEPERE,  Rapids,  on  the  Fox  river,  7  miles  above  Green  Bay. 
They  are  improved  by  a  dam  at  Depere. 

DEPERE,  P.  V.  and  0.  H.,  in  the  county  of  Brown,  in  town  23  N., 
of  range  21  E.,  110  miles  northeast  from  Madison.  It  was 
first  settled  A.  D.  1672,  and  a  small  log  church  was  built  by 
the  Jesuits.  The  first  court  house  and  jail  in  the  State  was 
erected  here,  also  the  first  saw  mill,  which  was  built  in 
1824.  It  has  a  bridge  and  draw  2,500  feet  long,  across  Fox 
river.  It  is  the  head  of  lake  and  foot  of  river  navigation. 
It  has  a  most  beautiful  and  healthy  location,  being  on  both 
sides  the  river  l^eenah.  Population  1,200  ;  400  dwellings, 
10  stores,  4  hotels,  7  mills,  4  shingle  factories,  2  extensive 
fisheries,  yielding  annually  1,500  barrels  offish  ;  2  churches, 
and  5  denominations. 

DBS  PLAINS,  River,  in  Kenosha  county.     See  O'Plaine  river. 

DETOUR,  River,  is  a  small  stream,  entering  Lake  Superior  east  of 
Herron  river. 

DETROIT,  Island,  is  at  the  connection  of  Green  Bay  and  Lake 
Michigan,  south  from  Pottawattame  Island.  It  is  4  miles  long 
and  half  a  mile  wide. 


"WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  77 

DEVIL'S,  Chimney,  so  called,  a  natural  curiosity,  is  situated  near 
the  village  of  Mount  Yernon,  in  Dane  county.  It  consists  of 
a  tall  round  arch  about  20  feet  in  diameter  and  125  feet  high. 
The  surrounding  country  being  comparatively  level. 

DEVIL'S,  River,  see  East  river,  Brown  county. 

DICKERMAN'S,  Creek,  rises  in  the  south  part  of  Nekimi,  "Winne- 
bago  county,  and  runs  northeasterly  into  lake  Winnebago. 

DICKEY'SVILLE,  P.O.,  in  Grant  county,  on  section  22,  town  2  N"., 
of  range  2  "W.,  being  in  the  town  of  Paris,  20  miles  south 
from  Lancaster,  and  125  miles  southwest  from  Madison,  on 
the  Galena  and  Mississippi  stage  route.  Population  50,  with 
6  stores,  1  hotel,  and  1  church. 

DODGE,  County,  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Marquette  and  Fond 
du  Lac,  on  the  east  by  Fond  du  Lac  and  Washington,  on  the 
south  by  Waukesha  and  Jefferson,  and  on  the  west  by  Dane 
and  Columbia;  and  is  30  miles  square.  It  was  so  named  in 
honor  of  General  Dodge,  first  Governor  of  the  territory,  and 
was  set  off  from  Brown,  December  7,  1836,  to  which  it  re 
mained  attached  for  judicial  purposes  until  January  13, 1840, 
when  it  was  organized  for  county  purpose?,  and  its  judicial 
connection  changed  to  Jefferson.  It  was  fully  organized  Jan. 
20,  1844.  The  seat  of  justice  is  at  the  village  of  Juneau,  for 
merly  known  as  Dodge  Centre.  The  surface  of  the  country, 
west  of  Eock  river,  is  diversified  with  openings,  prairie,  and 
good  hay  marsh  ;  and  the  soil  being  good,  it  is  well  adapted 
to  the  raising  of  wheat  and  the  summer  grains,  and  to  grazing.. 
East  of  the  river  it  is  timbered  with  a  heavy  growth  of  maple 
and  other  hard  woods,  and  the  soil  produces  the  grain  crop  with 
equal  advantage  with  the  other  side,  while  it  is  more  naturally 
adapted  to  the  growth  of  the  cultivated  grasses.  Near  the 
banks  of  Eock  river  are  beds  of  iron  ore,  which  are  success 
fully  worked.  Dodge  county  forms  a  part  of  the  third  judicial 
circuit,  and  of  the  third  congressional  district,  and  constitutes 
the  twenty-second  senate  district.  It  is  divided  into  six  assem- 


78  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

bly  districts,  as  follows :  1.  Towns  of  Leroy,  Lomyra,  Williams- 
town  and  Theresa.  2.  Towns  of  Hubbard,  Hermon,  Hustisford 
and  Rubicon.  3.  Towns  of  Emmet,  Lebanon  and  Ashippun. 

4.  Towns  of  Elba,   Lowell,   Clyman,   Portland   and   Shields. 

5.  Towns  of  Fox  Lake,  Trenton,  West-ford,  Calamus  and  Bea 
ver  Dam.    6.  Towns  of  Chester,  Burnette  and  Oak  Grove.    It 
is  watered  by  the  Crawfish,  Roc";   and  Beaver  Dam  rivers, 
and  their  tributaries.     The  population  in  1838  was  18  ;  1840, 
67;  1842,149;  1846,7,787;  1847,14,905;  and  1850, 19,140. 
Dwellings,  3,561 ;  farms,  2,338;  manufactories,  30.     County 
Officers  :  County  Judge,  S.  L.  Rose  ;  Sheriff,  Benj.  Ferguson ; 
Clerk  of  Court,  J.  B.  Kibble  ;  Register  of  Deeds,  K  Juneau  ; 
Clerk  of  Board  of  Supervisors,  E.  Sweeney ;   County  Trea 
surer,  L.  Merz. 

DODGE  CENTRE,  see  Juneau. 

DODGE'S,  Branch,  of  the  Peckatonnica  river,  rises  near  Dodge- 
ville,  Iowa  county,  and  runs  southerly  through  the  eastern 
portion  of  Iowa  and  Lafayette  counties,  entering  the  Pecka 
tonnica  in  the  southeast  corner  of  Wyota,  Lafayette  county. 

DODGEVILLE,  Town,  in  the  county  of  Iowa. 

DODGEVILLE,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  same  name,  being  on  section  34. 
The  village  contains  about  100  inhabitants,  mostly  miners, 
(English  and  Welsh.)  There  are  3  churches,  9  stores,  and  1 
smelting  furnace.  The  country  surrounding  is  well  adapted 
to  farming,  and  is  well  watered. 

DOUGHERTY,  Hwer,  rises  in  York,  Green  county,  and  runs  south 
west,  entering  the  Peckatonnica,  in  the  south  part  of  the  town 
of  Argyle,  Lafayette  county. 

DOUGLASS,  Creek,  a  small  branch  from  the  north,  in  town  19  N\,  of 
range  5  W. 

DOUGLASS,  Harbor,  on  the  western  shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  in  town 
30,  Door  county. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  79 

DOOR,  County,  is  located  between  Green  Bay  and  Lake  Michigan, 
and  is  bounded  on  the  north  and  east  by  the  State  line  of 
Michigan,  on  the  south  by  Kewaunee,  and  on  the  west  by 
Oconto.  It  was  set  off  from  Brown,  February  11,  1851.  It 
then  included  the  present  cor.nty  of  Kewaunee,  and  was  at 
tached  to  Manitowoc  for  judicial  government.  The  county- 
seat  was  established  at  Gibralter,  on  Gibraltar  Bay,  here 
tofore  known  as  Bailey's  Harbor,  on  the  west  shore  of  Lake 
Michigan,  in  town  30  N".,  of  range  28  E.  Door  county  is  for 
legislative  and  county  purposes,  in  connection  with  Brown 
county.  It  has  several  small  streams  emptying  into  the  Bay 
and  into  Lake  Superior. 

DOOR,  Creek,  Dane  county,  rises  in  Sun  Prairie,  and  runs  south, 
emptying  into  First  Lake. 

DOOR  CREEK,  P.  0.,  is  on  Liberty  Prairie,  in  town  of  Cottage 
Grove,  county  of  Dane,  on  section  33,  town  7  N.,  of  range 
11  E.  It  is  11  miles  east  of  south  from  Madison,  and  contains 
1  store,  1  hotel,  and  methodist  and  presbyterian  congrega 
tions. 

DOTY'S,  Island,  is  between  the  villages  of  Menasha  and  Neenah, 
in  lake  "Winnebago,  at  its  outlet.  It  contains  about  750  acres 
of  land,  the  residence  of  Governor  Doty. 

DOTY'S,  River,  a  small  tributary  of  Eock  river,  which  it  enters, 
in  the  north  part  of  Dodge  county. 

DOTYVILLE,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  Forest,  Fond  du  Lac  county,  on 
sections  13  and  14. 

DOVER,  Town,  in  county  of  Eacine,  being  town  3  1ST.,  of  range 
20  E. ;  centrally  located,  16  miles  west  of  Eacine.  The  popu 
lation  in  1850  was  840.  It  has  5  school  districts. 

DOVER,  P.  V.,  on  section  24,  town  of  same  name,  in  Iowa  county, 
33  miles  northeast  from  Mineral  Point,  and  27  northwest 
from  Madison.  The  location  is  near  the  junction  of  the  Blue 
Mound  and  Black  Earth  rivers,  2  miles  above  the  Wisconsin, 


80  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

at  the  crossing  of  the  western  thoroughfare  to  the  pinery,  and 
the  eastern  thoroughfare  from  Richland  county.  Population 
100 ;  with  20  dwellings,  2  stores,  1  hotel,  1  flouring  mill,  a 
school  house,  mechanics  of  nearly  all  kinds,  and  several  reli 
gious  denominations. 

DUCK,  Creek,  Columbia  county,  rises  in  the  northeast  corner  of  the 
county,  and  running  southwest,  enters  the  Wisconsin  about  3 
miles  below  the  Portage. 

DUCK  GREEK,  is  the  outlet  of  Golden  Lake,  on  the  line  between 
Waukesha  and  Jefferson  counties,  and  empties  into  Bark 
river  about  halfway  between  Palmyra  and  Fort  Atkinson. 

DUCK,  Lake,  Wai  worth  county,  see  Como  Lake. 

DUCK,  Hiver,  (or  Duck  Creek  of  Green  Bay),  rises  in  the  north 
west  corner  of  the  town  of  Kaukauna,  and  runs  northeast 
parallel  to  the  Neenah,  through  the  Oneida  Reservation, 
entering  Green  Bay  a  few  miles  below  the  mouth  of  the 
Neenah. 

DUNDAS,  P.  0.,  in  Calumet  county. 

DUNKIRK,  Town,  in  couny  of  Dane,  being  town  5  !N".,  of  range 
HE.;  centrally  located,  16  miles  southeast  from  Madison. 
It  has  7  school  districts. 

DUNKIRK  FALLS,  Rapids,  in  the  Catfish  river,  in  which  the  descent 
is  6  feet,  in  a  distance  of  little  over  a  mile. 

DUNN,  Town,  in  county  of  Dane,  being  town  6  !N".,  of  range  10  E. ; 
centrally  located,  8  miles  southeast  from  Madison.  The  pop 
ulation  in  1850  was  288.  It  has  6  school  districts. 

EAGLE,  Town,  in  the  county  of  Waukesha,  being  town  15  JsT.,  of 
range  17  E. ;  centrally  located,  18  miles  southwest  from  Wau- 
kesha.  The  population  in  1850  was  816.  It  has  6  school 
districts. 

EAGLE,  Bay,  a  bay  of  Green  Bay,  about  16  miles  northeast  from 
Sturgeon  Bay,  extending  easterly  into  Door  county. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  81 

EAGLE,  Creek,  rises  in  the  northwest  corner  of  Richland  county, 
and  running  southeast  enters  the  Wisconsin,  near  the  fourth 
principal  meridian. 

EAGLE,  Creek,  a  small  tributary  of  the  Mississippi,  near  range  line 
between  ranges  11  and  12  east. 

EAGLE,  Harbor,  western  part  of  Eagle  Bay  of  Green  Bay,  Door 
county. 

EAGLE,  Lake,  is  about  a  mile  and  a  half  long,  near  the  centre  of 
the  town  of  Dover,  in  Racine  county. 

EAGLE,  Mills,  on  Eagle  creek,  about  two  miles  above  its  mouth. 

EAGLE  POINT,  Town,  in  county  of  Portage,  being  all  of  same,  west" 
of  range  5. 

EAGLE,  Prairie,  a  large  prairie  in  the  southwest  part  of  town  of 
same  name,  in  "VVaukesha  county,  on  which  is  located  a  depot 
of  the  Milwaukee  and  Mississippi  railroad. 

EAGLEVILLE,  P.  0.,  in  the  southeast  corner  of  the  town  of  Eagle,. 
on  section  25,  in  Waukesha  county. 

EAST  Branch,  of  the  Peckatonica  river.     See  Dodge's  branch. 

EAST  Branch,  of  the  Menomonee  river  of  Milwaukee,  which  it 
enters  from  the  west,  in  the  town  of  Granville. 

EAST  FORK,  Creek,  the  northeastern  branch  of  Grant  river,  rises 
in  "Wingville,  Grant  county,  and  runs  southwesterly,  through 
Lancaster,  into  that  river  in  Beetown. 

EAST  River  (Manitoo  or  Devil's),  Brown  county,  rises  in  the  south 
part  of  the  county,  running  parallel,  on  the  east,  to  Fox  river, 
into  which  it  empties  about  two  miles  below  the  village  of 
Green  Bay. 

EAST  TROY,  P.  V.,  Walworth  county,  on  sections  19,  20,  29  and 
30,  in  town  of  same  name,  12  miles  northeast  from  Elkhorn, 
and  73  miles  southeast  from  Madison.  It  is  a  beautiful  in 
land  village,  in  a  good  farming  district,  35  miles  southwest 
from  Milwaukee,  and  33  miles  northwest  from  Racine. 


82  WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER. 

Population  400,  with  75  dwellings,  5  stores,  2  hotels,  2  mills, 
several  mechanical  shops,  a  Baptist,  Presbyterian  and  Metho 
dist  denomination. 

EAST  TROY,  Toivnfin  county  of  Walworth,  being  town  4  1ST.,  of 
range  13  E.  ;  centrally  located,  13  miles  southeast  from  Elk- 
horn.  The  population  in  1850  was  1,318.  It  has  7  school 
districts. 

EAU  PLAINE,  P.  F".,  on  Wisconsin  river,  at  Dubay's  trading  post 
at  the  mouth  of  Little  O'Plaine,  in  northern  part  of  Portage 
county. 

EDEN,  Town,  in  the  county  of  Fond  du  Lac,  being  town  14  IN".,  of 
range  18  E.  ;  centrally  located,  10  miles  southeast  from  Fond 
du  Lac.  The  population  in  1850  was  840.  It  has  8  school 
districts. 

EDEN,  P.  0.,  in  same  town,  Fond  du  Lac  county. 

EIGHT  MILE,  CTeek,  rises  in  the  town  of  Xekimi,  Winnebago 
county,  and  runs  westerly  into  the  outlet  of  Rush  lake. 

ELBA,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Dodge  county. 

ELBA,  Town,  in  the  county  of  Dodge,  being  town  10  N.,  of  range 
13  E. ;  centrally  located,  12  miles  southwest  from  Juneau. 
The  population  in  1850  was  1,548.  It  has  7  school  districts. 

EL  DOKADO,  Town,  in  the  county  of  Fond  du  Lac,  being  town  16 
"N.,  of  range  16  E. ;  centrally  located,  7  miles  northwest  from 
Fond  du  Lac.  The  population  in  1850  was  504. 

EL  DORADO,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Fond  du  Lac  county. 
ELK,  P.  0.)  in  Bad  Ax  county. 

ELK,  River,  a  branch  from  the  north,  of  Chippewa  river,  rises  in 
town  26  K,  of  range  11  W. 

ELKHART,  Lake  (Big),  in  the  town  of  Rhine,  Sheboygan  county,  on 
sections  29  and  30  of  town  16  K,  of  range  21  E. 

ELKHART,  Lake  (Little),  on  sections  33  and  34,  of  town  16,  of  range 
2  IE, 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEEK.  83 

ELKHART,  P.  F,  Sheboygan  county,  on  section  31,  in  the  town  of 
Rhine,  town  16  Is".,  of  range  21  east,  20  miles  northwest  from 
Sheboygan. 

ELKIIORX,  P.  F,  and  C.  H.,  "Wai worth  county,  on  section  36,  town 
3  X.,  of  range  13  E.,  at  the  geographical  centre  of  the  county. 
It  is  in  town  of  same  name,  65  miles  southeast  from  Madison. 
Population  250,  with  60  dwellings,  4  stores,  2  hotels,  steam 
mill,  various  mechanical  shops,  and  4  religious  denominations. 

ELKIIORX,  2bwn}  in  county  of  "Walworth,  comprising  section  1, 
town  2  X.,  of  section  36  of  town  3,  range  16  E.,  and  section 
6,  of  town  2,  and  section  31  of  town  3  2s".,  of  range  17  E.  It 
is  the  county  seat.  The  population  is  600. 

ELLEXBORO',  P.  F,  Grant  county,  on  section  28,  in  the  town  of 
Highland,  town  4  X.,  of  range  2  W. ;  7  miles  southeast  from 
Lancaster,  and  95  miles  southwest  from  Madison.  It  is  located 
on  Platte  river,  about  half  way  between  Platteville  and  Lan 
caster,  on  the  mail  route  from  Galena  to  the  LTpper  Missis 
sippi,  and  is  in  a  good  farming  district,  with  excellent  water 
power,  with  considerable  vacant  land,  and  unimproved  hy 
draulic  power.  Population  51,  7  dwellings,  1  store,  1  hotel, 
2  mills,  and  a  blacksmith  and  carpenter's  shop. 

ELLEXBORO',  Town,  (recently  south  half  of  Highland),  in  county  of 
Grant,  being  town  4  X.,  of  range  2  "W. ;  centrally  located  8 
miles  southeast  from  Lancaster. 

ELLIXGTOX,  P.  F,  in  county  of  Outagamie,  on  section  20,  of  town 
22  X.,  of  range  16  E. ;  13  miles  northwest  from  Grand  Chute, 
130  miles  northeast  from  Madison.  It  is  located  on  the  road 
from  Green  Bay  (36  miles)  to  Plover  Portage  (TO  miles).  It 
is  28  miles  from  Oshkosh,  and  35  miles  from  Lake  Shawanaw. 
Population  150,  with  35  dwellings,  2  mills,  2  hotels  and  seve 
ral  religious  denominations. 

ELLIXGTOX,  Town,  in  county  of  Outagamie,  being  towns  23  and 
24  K,  of  range  16  E. ;  centrally  located,  20  miles  northwest 
from  Grand  Chute.  It  has  3  school  districts. 


84  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

EMBARRASS,  Town,  in  county  of  Waupacca,  being  towns  23,  24  and 
25  "N.9  of  range  14  E. ;  centrally  located,  north  from  Mukwa. 

EMBARRASS,  River,  see  Bad  or  Mannaise  river  of  La  Pointe  county. 
EMERALD  GROVE,  P.  F.,  in  town  of  Bradford,  Kock  county. 
EMMET,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Dodge  county. 

EMMET,  Town,  in  county  of  Dodge,  being  town  9  !N".,  of  range 
15  E. ;  centrally  located,  12  miles  south  from  Juneau.  The 
population  in  1850  was  1,207.  It  has  7  school  districts. 

EMPIRE,  Town,  in  county  of  Fond  du  Lac,  being  town  15  E".,  range 
18  E. ;  centrally  located,  6  miles  southeast  from  Fond  du  Lac. 

ENGLISH,  Lake,  a  small  lake  in  the  northwest  corner  of  town  18 
K,  of  range  23  E. 

ERIN,  Town,  in  county  of  "Washington,  being  town  9  1ST,  of  range 
18  E. ;  centrally  located,  26  miles  southwest  from  Ozaukee. 
The  population  in  1850  was  849.  It  has  5  school  districts. 

ERVANDIGO,  River,  a  tributary,  from  the  north,  of  St.  Croix  river, 
in  La  Pointe  county. 

EUREKA,  P.  F.,  in  Winnebago  county,  on  section  28,  town  18  N., 
range  14  E.,  in  town  of  Rushford,  16  miles  west  from  Osh- 
kosh,  and  70  miles  northeast  from  Madison.  It  is  beautifully 
situated  on  the  southern  shore  of  Fox  river,  surrounded  by  a 
rich  farming  country,  and  possesses  plenty  of  lime  stone, 
sand,  clay  and  timber,  for  building  purposes.  The  settlement 
was  first  commenced  in  1850.  Population  70,  with  14  dwel 
lings,  2  stores,  1  hotel,  1  mill,  and  various  mechanical  shops. 

EVANSVILLE,  P.  F.,  on  Allen's  creek,  section  27,  town  4  N".,  range 
10  E.,  in  Rock  county,  18  miles  northwest  from  Janesville, 
and  23  miles  southeast  from  Madison.  It  has  a  population  of 
about  200  temperate  and  industrious  people,  with  25  dwel 
lings,  2  stores,  1  hotel,  2  mills,  1  machine,  1  waggon,  1  shoe, 
and  1  blacksmith's  shop ;  1  meeting  house,  and  two  religious 
denominations,  and  a  large  and  commodious  school  house.  The 
Madison  and  Beloit  railroad  is  located  through  this  place. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTE KK.  85 

EVERFLOWING,  River,  a  tributary  from  the  north  of  the  St.  Croix 
river,  in  the  western  part  of  La  Pointe  county. 

EXETER,  P.  V.,  Green  county,  on  section  33  of  town  of  same 
name,  being  town.  4  IN".,  of  range  §  E.,  16  miles  northeast 
from  Monroe,  and  24:  miles  southwest  from  Madison.  Popula 
tion  105,  with  22  dwellings,  2  stores,  2  hotels,  and  6  religious 
denominations.  The  principal  occupation  of  the  inhabitants 
is  mining. 

EXETER,  Town,  in  the  county  of  Green,  being  town  4  !N".,  of  range 
8 ;  centrally  located,  15  miles  northeast  from  Monroe.  The 
population  in  1850  was  4:50.  It  has  6  school  districts. 

FAIRFIELD,  P.  #.,  (Maxson's  Mill),  in  town  of  Bradford,  county  of 
Rock,  on  section  13,  town  2  X.,  of  range  15  E.  It  is  14:  miles 
southeast  from  comity  seat,  and  50  miles  east  of  south  from 
Madison.  Population  100,  12  dwellings,  2  stores,  1  gristmill, 
and  Presbyterian  and  Baptist  denominations.  It  is  on  Turtle 
creek,  16  miles  from  Beloit,  and  on  the  county  line  between 
Rock  and  "Walworth,  9.  miles  from  the  state  line.  The  first 
settler  was  Joseph  Maxson. 

FAIRPLAY,  P.  I7!,  in  Grant  county,  on  section  25,  in  the  town  of 
Jamestown,  town  1  X.,  of  range  2  "W.,  in  a  good  mineral  and 
farming  district;  30  miles  southeast  from  Lancaster,  12  miles 
northwest  from  Galena,  6  miles  northeast  from  Dnbuque, 
and  85  miles  southwest  from  Madison.  Population  800, 
with  110  dwellings,  2  stores,  2  hotels,  1  church  and  3  religious 
denominations.  A  Roman  Catholic  college  is  located  at  this 
place. 

FAIR  PLAY,  Diggings,  on  section  25,  town  1  X.,  of  range  1  W.,  in 
Grant  county. 

FAIRWATER,  P.  F.,  Fond  du  Lac  county,  on  section  31,  town  15 
N.,  of  range  14  E. ;  being  in  the  town  of  Metomon,  22  miles 
west  from  Fond  du  Lac,  and  65  miles  northeast  from  Madi 
son.  It  is  situated  on  the  road  from  Watertown  to  Ceresco 
and  Berlin,  in  a  line  and  healthy  section,  of  good  farming 
7 


86  WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER. 

land,  on  the  north  branch  of  Grand  river.  It  has  two  good 
water  powers,  one  of  which  is  improved  by  a  fine  flouring 
mill;  the  other  is  unimproved,  with  28  feet  head,  and  suffi 
cient  water  for  three  run  of  stone.  Population  40,  5  dwellings, 
1  store,  and  1  hotel. 

FALLEN  Rocks,  on  the  "Wisconsin,  a  few  miles  below  Helena,  in 
Iowa  county,  where  the  river  has  undermined  the  rocks  about 
200  feet  long. 

FALL  RIVER,  P.  V*,  Columbia  county,  in  the  town  of  Fountain 
Prairie,  on  section  26,  town  11  !N".,  of  range  12;  25  miles  east 
of  southeast  from  Portage  City,  and  the  same  distance  north 
east  from  Madison.  It  has  an  excellent  water  power,  with  a 
fall  of  16  feet,  on  which  is  a  good  saw  and  flouring  mill,  being 
the  best  hydraulic  power  in  the  vicinity.  Population  175, 
with  35  dwellings,  3  stores,  1  hotel,  2  mills,  3  religious  de 
nominations,  and  a  good  school  house. 

FALLS  OF  ST.  GROIX,  P.  F".,  and  0.  H.,  on  St.  Croix  river,  in  town 
34,  Polk  county. 

FALLS  OF  ST.  CROIX,  Town,  in  county  of  Polk,  comprising  the  same. 

FARMER'S  GROVE,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  York,  Green  county,  being 
town  4  !N".,  of  range  6  E. 

FARMERSVILLE,  P.  0.,  in  Dodge  county. 

FARMINGTON,  Town,  in  county  of  Washington,  being  township  12 
!N".,  of  range  20  E. ;  centrally  located,  15  miles  northwest  from 
Ozaukee.  Population  in  1850  was  504.  It  has  9  school  districts. 

FARMINGTON,  Town,  in  county  of  Jefferson,  being  town  7  IS".,  of 
range  15  E. ;  centrally  located,  8  miles  northeast  from  Jeffer 
son.  The  population  is  900.  It  has  6  school  districts.  The 
surface  is  rolling,  with  heavy  timber  and  good  springs,  and 
small  streams  of  water.  The  soil  on  the  high  land  is  mostly 
&  clay  loam,  in  the  vallies  a  black,  vegetable  and  sandy  loam, 
with  subsoil  of  clay.  The  timber  is  mostly  maple,  basswood, 
oak,  elm,  walnut,  and  ash. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  87 

FARMINGTON,  P.  0.,  Jefferson  county,  on  section  14  of  town  of 
same  name,  being  town  7  N.,  of  range  15  E. ;  11  miles  north 
east  from  Jefferson,  38  miles  east  from  Madison,  midway 
between  Milwaukee  and  Madison,  via  Aztalan  and  Concord. 

FAEWELL'S  Addition  TO  MADISON,  is  on  the  northeast  side  of  the 
Catfish,  and  is  laid  out  into  lots  of  an  acre  each,  contiguous 
to  the  business  portion  of  the  village. 

FARWELL'S  Mill,  a  small  settlement  on  the  Catfish  river,  near 
Madison.  At  this  place  is  the  best  flouring  mill  in  the  State, 
with  8  run  of  stone ;  also  a  good  saw  mill,  woollen  factory, 
brewery,  and  several  mechanical  shops. 

FAYETTE,  P.  V.,  La  Fayctte  county,  on  section  8,  town  3  N".,  of 
range  4  E. ;  18  miles  northeast  from  Shullsburg,  and  50 
miles  southwest  from.  Madison,  in  a  good  mineral  region. 
Population  100,  30  dwellings,  2  stores,  2  mills,  1  hotel,  and 
1  Methodist  and  1  F.  W.  Baptist  denomination. 

FENNIMOEE,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  same  name,  town  6  !N".,  of  range  2 
W.,  Grant  county. 

FENNIMOEE,  Town,  in  county  of  Grant,  being  all  south  of  the 
Wisconsin  river  of  towns  6  and  7  !N".,  of  ranges  2,  3  and  4,  and 
fractional  town  8  K".,  of  range  3  W.  It  is  centrally  located, 
12  miles  north  from  Lancaster.  It  has  9  school  districts. 

FENNIMOEE  FORK,  River,  a  branch  from  the  south  of  Blue  river, 
Grant  county. 

FEVRE,  jRiver,  rises  near  Belmont,  Lafayette  county,  and  running 
southerly,  through  Galena,  into  the  Mississippi,  7  miles  below 
that  place. 

FILLMORE,  P.  I7".,  in  town  of  Farmington,  Washington  county, 
being  in  12  ~N.9  of  range  20  E. 

FIRST,  Lake,  the  lowest  of  the  chain  of  Four  lakes,  in  the  towns 
of  Dunn  and  Pleasant  Springs,  Dane  county,  12  miles  south 
east  from  Madison.  It  has  an  area  of  five  square  miles. 

FISH,  Lake,  a  small  lake  in  the  northeast  corner  of  Deerfielcl,  Dane 
county. 


88  WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER. 

FISK'S,  Corners,  P.  "Pi,  Winnebago  county,  on  section  11,  town  17 
N.,  of  range  15  ;  it  is  8  miles  from  Oshkosh,  and  90  miles  from 
Madison.  Population  600,  100  dwellings,  and  2  hotels. 

FITCHBUKG,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  same  name,  formerly  Greenfield,  on 
section  33,  town  6K,  of  range  9  E.  It  is  an  excellent  region 
of  farming  land,  10  miles  south  from  Madison,  on  stage  route 
to  Janesville.  It  has  1  hotel,  2  stores,  a  school-house,  meet 
ing-house,  3  religious  denominations,  15  dwellings,  and  80 
inhabitants. 

FrrcHBURG,  Town,  Dane  county,  town  6,  range  9  E.,  late  Greenfield. 

FLAMBEAU,  Lcike,  in  latitude  nearly  46°,  the  outlet  running  north 
to  nearly  the  state  line,  thence  southwest  into  the  Chippewa. 

FLEMING,  Creek,  a  small  tributary  of  Black  river,  from  the  south 
east,  into  which  it  empties  in  town  18  X.,  of  range  6  W. 

FLORA,  Town,  in  county  of  Sank;  centrally  located,  north  east 
from  Baraboo.  It  has  3  school  districts. 

FOND  DU  LAC,  County,  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Winnebago  and 
Calumet,  on  the  east  by  Calumet  and  Sheboygan,  on  the  south 
by  Washington  and  Dodge,  and  on  the  west  by  Marrmette  and 
portions  of  Dodge  and  Winnebago.  Its  name  is  derived  from 
its  locality,  being  at  the  u  end  of  the  lake."  It  was  estab 
lished  December  7,  1836,  and  set  off  from  Brown,  to  which 
it  remained  attached  until  March  11,  1839,  when  it  was 
organized  for  county  purposes.  The  seat  of  justice  is  at  the 
city  of  Fond  du  Lac,  at  the  head  of  Lake  Winnebago.  This 
county  is  generally  well  watered  with  springs,  brooks,  and 
small  streams  of  pure  water.  The  largest  streams  in  the 
western  part  of  the  county  are  the  two  branches  of  the  Rock 
river;  one  flowing  eastwardly  through  the  towns  of  Alto 
and  Waupun,  and  the  other  rising  in  Metomon,  and  flowing 
southwardly  through  Springvale  and  the  eastern  part  of 
Waupiin.  There  are  also  the  two  branches  of  Fond  du  Lac 
river  (the  east  and  west);  the  one  rising  in  the  town  of 
Rosendale,  and  passing  through  a  portion  of  Eldorado  and  • 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 


Lamartine,  and  the  other  (the  east)  rising  from  small  streams 
and  springs  in  the  towns  of  Lamartine,  Oakfield,  and  Byron, 
and  passing  through  the  town  of  Fond  du  Lac,  unites  with 
its   west  branch  within  the   city,    about   a   mile   from  lake 
Winnebago.     There  is  also  another  beautiful  stream,  known 
as  the  Cbrystal  Creek,  (or  the  Green  lake  inlet),  passing  west- 
wardly  through  the  town  of  Ceresco  into  Marquette  county, 
affording,  at  the  villages  of  Ripon  and  Ceresco,  some  of  the 
best  water  power  in  the  county ;  and  also  Grand  river,  which 
rises   and  runs   southwesterly    through  Metomon,   affording 
excellent  water  power  at  the  village  of  Fairwater.     In  the 
eastern   and   southern   portions    of  the    county   are   several 
small  lakes  and  numerous  streams,  also  affording  good  water 
power.     The  most  northerly  branch  of  the  Milwaukee  river 
rises  in  a  small  lake  in  the  town  of  Eden,  within  about  eight 
miles  of  Winnebago  lake,  and  flows  southerly  through  the 
town  of  Auburn,  where  there  are  numerous  water  powers. 
Another  fine  stream  rises  in  Dodge  county,  and  flows  east- 
wardly  through  the  town   of  Ash  ford,  and  unites  with  the 
last  mentioned  stream  near  the  south  line  of  Auburn.     The 
east  branch  of  the  Milwaukee  river  rises  by  separate  branches 
in  the  towns  of  Empire  and  Forest,  and  flows  through  the  town 
of  Osceola,  passing  through  Long  Lake,  and  affording  excel 
lent  water  power  at  its  outlet.    It  is  worthy  of  remark  that  the 
lake  in  Eden,  which  gives  origin  to  the  Milwaukee  river,  is  also 
the  source  of  a  small  stream  running  northwardly  into  lake 
Winnebago,  and  is  within  a  mile  or  so  of  the  source  of  the  She- 
boy  gan  river,  which  runs  north  and  eastwardly  through  the 
towns  of  Forest  and  Kossuth  ;  affording,  also,  more  or  less 
water  power  to  those  towns.  In  the  northeast  part  of  the  county, 
in  the  town  of  Taycheedah,  and  within  3  miles  of  lake  Winne 
bago,  arises  the  southerly  branch  of  Manitowoc  river,  which 
runs  northeasterly  through   the  town   of  Calumet  into  the 
county  of  that  name.     In  addition  to  these,  there  are  nu 
merous  small  streams  and  branches  of  the  above  mentioned 


90  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

rivers,  watering  almost  every  portion  of  the  county.     "Water 
powers  are  already  improved  in  the  city  and  town  of  Fond 
du  Lac,  in  Ceresco,  the  village  of  Ripon,  Metomon,  Eldorado, 
Oakfield,  Alto,  "Waupun,  Ashford,  Auburn,  Osceola,  Empire, 
and  Forest.     The  soil  of  the  county  is  somewhat  diversified. 
The  eastern  and  southeastern  portions  being  mostly  heavy 
timbered  land,  having  a  dark,  rich  soil  in  the  bottoms,  and 
fine  gravelly  ridges  upon  the  swells.    In  the  western  portion, 
which   is   composed   of    small   prairies    and  openings,    and 
indeed  in  the  whole  open  portion  of  the  country,   which 
comprises  more  than  two-thirds  of  the  whole  area,  the  soil 
is  an  argillaceous  loam,  moderately  mixed  with  sand  and 
lime,  resting  on  a  thin  layer  of  limestone  much  broken,  and 
occasionally  interspersed  with  knobs  of  drift  gravel.     Under 
laying  a  considerable  portion  of  the  whole  is  a  red  sandstone, 
which  occasionally  outcrops  in  ravines.     On  many  of  the 
highest  points  of  the  prairies  and  openings,  in  the  towns  of 
Ceresco,  Metomon,  AVaupun,    Lamartine,  Oakfield,   Byron, 
Empire,  Taycheedah,  and  Calumet,  the  limestone  comes  to 
the  surface,  affording  the  best  of  material  for  building  and 
fencing;  and  in  many  places  furnishing  the  most  beautiful 
flagging  stones  of  any  thickness,  from  one  inch  to  ten,  of  a 
texture  nearly -as  fine  and  compact  as  marble.     The  face  of 
the   country  is  gently  rolling,  and  from  the  quality  of  the 
soil,    the   county  is  well  adapted   to  all  the  more  northern 
productions  of  agriculture.     The  peculiar  geographical  posi 
tion  of  this  country,  embracing  nearly  the  southern  half  of 
Winnebago  lake,  which  is  connected  with  the  great  lakes  by 
Fox  river  and  Green  Bay,  and  being  within  some  thirty-five 
miles  of  lake  Michigan,  at  Sheboygan,  as  well  as  the  charac 
ter  of  its  soil,  renders  it  one  of  the  most  important  inland 
counties.     Fond  du  Lac  county  forms  a  part  of  the  fourth 
judicial  circuit,  and  of  the  the  third  congressional  district. 
It  constitutes  the  twentieth  senatorial  district,  and  is  divided 
into  four  assembly  districts,  as  follows :  1st.  Ceresco,  Meto- 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  91 

mon,  Alto,  Waupun,  Springvale,  and  Rosendale.  2d.  Byron, 
Eden,  Osceola,  Ashford,  and  Auburn.  3d.  Eldorado,  Lamar- 
tine,  Oakfield,  Friendship,  Fond  du  Lac,  and  the  city  of 
Fond  du  Lac.  4th.  Calumet,  Forest,  Taycheedah,  Kossuth, 
and  Empire.  The  population  m  1840  was  139 ;  1842,  295 ; 
1846,  3.544;  1847,  7,459.  Dwellings,  2,722;  farms,  1,073; 
manufactories,  16.  County  Officers  for  1853  and  1854 : 
County  Judge,  C.  M.  Tompkins  ;  Sheriff,  Robert  Jenkinson ; 
Clerk  of  Court,  John  J.  Driggs ;  Register  of  Deeds,  Ran 
dolph  Ebert ;  Clerk  of  Board  of  Supervisors,  A.  "W.  Paine ; 
County  Treasurer,  O.  S.  Wright. 

FOND  DU  LAC,  Town,  in  county  of  same  name,  being  town  15  N., 
of  range  17  E.  It  is  the  seat  of  justice  of  the  county. 
Population  in  1850  was  2,016.  It  has  6  school  districts. 

FOND  DU  LAC,  City,  see  Appendix. 

FOND  DU  LAC,  River,  rises  in  Oakfield,  Fond  du  Lac  county,  and 
runs  northeast,  emptying  into  lake  Winnebago,  at  Fond  du 
Lac  city. 

FORT  ATKINSON,  P.  I7".,  on  section  3,  town  5  N".,  of  range  14  E., 
Jefferson  county,  being  in  the  town  of  Koskonong,  at  the 
junction  of  Bark  with  Rock  river.  It  is  6  miles  south  of 
Jefferson,  and  32  miles  southeast  from  Madison.  It  derives 
its  name  from  General  Atkinson,  who  built  a  temporary  fort 
at  this  place  during  the  Black  Hawk  war — hence  its  name. 
Population  350,  with  70  dwellings,  8  stores,  3  hotels,  1  steam 
saw  mill,  3  tailors,  2  shoe,  3  blacksmith,  2  cooper,  and  1 
cabinet  shops.  1  Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist  church. 

FORT  CRAWFORD,  formerly  a  military  station  near  Prairie  du 
Chien,  in  Crawford  county,  about  540  miles  above  St.  Louis. 

FORT  HOWARD,  formerly  a  military  station  at  mouth  of  Fox  river, 
see  Fort  Howard  village. 

FORT  HOWARD,  Village,  is  situated  on  the  west  side  of  the  Fox 
river,  near  its  mouth,  opposite  to  the  old  town  of  Green  Bay. 
The  site  of  the  village  of  Fort  Howard  was  purchased  and 


92  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

surveyed  into  village  lots  by  Joel  S.  Fisk  and  the  Hon. 
LJrial  li.  Peak,  in  the  spring  of  1850,  since  which  there  has 
been  a  rapid  growth  and  settlement  of  the  place,  and  it  bids 
fair  to  become  one  of  considerable  commercial  importance.  It 
derived  its  name  from  being  situated  immediately  in  the 
vicinity  of  Old  Fort  Howard,  a  military  post  of  considerable 
notoriety.  The  village  contains  some  four  or  five  hundred 
inhabitants;  it  has  several  stores,  three  public  houses,  a  large 
foundry  and  machine  shop  which  gives  employment  to  some 
thirty  or  forty  workmen  ;  there  is  also  in  the  course  of  erec 
tion  two  steam  saw  mills,  together  with  shops  for  various 
mechanical  purposes.  The  soil  on  which  the  village  is  located 
is  alluvial,  on  a  clay  subsoil,  and  is  well  adapted  to  gardening 
and  the  growth  of  fruit  trees  and  shrubs;  it  possesses  a  back 
country  of  very  considerable  extent,  which  is  rapidly  filling 
up  with  an  intelligent,  industrious  and  go-a-hcad  population ; 
and  although  the  pioneer  settler  is  under  the  necessity  of 
undergoing  the  fatigue  and  labor  incident  to  the  settlement 
and  clearing  up  of  a  heavy  timbered  country,  yet  when  it  is 
brought  under  a  state  of  proper  cultivation  it  will  not  be  sur 
passed  by  any  section  of  the  state  in  fertility  of  soil,  and  all 
the  other  appendages  which  make  a  country  desirable  for 
farming  purposes. 

FORT  WINNEBAGO,  P.  0.,  at  the  old  military  station  of  same  name, 
at  the  Portage  of  Fox  and  Wisconsin  rivers,  near  Portage 
city. 

FORT  WINNEBAGO,  Town,  in  county  of  Columbia,  being  town  13 IN"., 
of  range  9  E.  Population  in  1850  was  1,642.  It  has  11  school 

districts. 

FORREST,  Town,  in  county  of  Fond  du  Lac,  being  town  15  "N.9  of 
range  19  E. ;  centrally  located,  12  miles  east  from  Fond  du 
Lac.  The  population  in  1850,  as  then  organized,  was  1,218. 
It  has  8  school  districts. 

FOUNTAIN,  Prairie,  is  the  name  of  a  large  prairie  south  and  west 
of  Columbus,  in  Columbia  county. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTPJER. 

FOUNTAIN  PKAIRIE,  Town,  in  county  of  Columbia,  being  11  IT.,  of 
range  1 2  E.;  centrally  located,  23  miles  from  Portage  city. 
The  population  in  1850  was  5-16.  It  has  5  school  districts. 
This  is  an  excellent  fanning  town,  and  lias  a  good  water  power 
at  Fall  river,  with  a  mill  capable  of  making  500  barrels  of 
flour  per  week. 

FOURTH,  Lake,  adjoining  and  north  and  northwest  of  Madison,  is 
the  uppermost  and  largest  of  the  Four  Lakes.  It  has  an  area 
of  nearly  16  square  miles.  Its  diameter  is  6  miles,  and  its 
periphery  191.  It  is  also  called  Mendota. 

FOWL,  River,  (Sand  Creek),  a  tributary  from  the  north  of  St.  Croix 
river,  in  the  west  part  of  La  Pointe  county. 

Fox,  LaJce,  (Waushara),  in  town  of  same  name,  in  northwest 
corner  of  Dodge  county,  is  three  miles  long  and  two  wide.  It 
is  of  an  oval  form,  and  discharges  its  waters  into  the  Crawfish 
river,  through  Beaver  Dam  creek. 

Fox  LAKE,  P.  I7".,  see  Waushara. 

Fox  LAKE,  Town,  (formerly  "Waushara),  in  county  of  Dodge,  being 
north  half  of  town  12,  and  town  13  X.,  range  of  13  E. ;  cen 
trally  located,  11  miles  northwest  from  Juneau.  The  popula 
tion  in  1850  was  856.  It  has  6  school  districts. 

Fox,  River,  of  Illinois,  (Pishtaka),  rises  in  the  north  part  of 
Waukesha  county,  and  running  south  through  the  counties  of 
Waukesha,  Racine,  and  Ivenosha,  into  the  State  of  Illinois, 
discharges  its  waters  into  the  Illinois  river  at  Ottawa,  Lasalle- 
county. 

Fox,  River,  of  Green  Bay,  (Xeenah),  rises  near  the  middle  of  the- 
town  of  Randolph,  being  in  the  northeast  corner  township  of 
Columbia  county,  runs  southwesterly  to  the  Portage,  where 
its  course  is  turned  to  the  northeast,  passing  through  exten 
sive  marshes,  covered  with  wild  rice.  It  enters  on  the  west 
side  of  Lake  Winnebago,  at  Oshkosh,  and  forms  the  outlet  of 
the  same  lake,  which  it  leaves  on  either  side  of  Doty 's  island,, 


94:  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

Menaslia  on  the  north,  and  ISTeenah  on  the  south.  Below  the 
lake  it  has  a  succession  of  rapids  as  far  down  as  Depere,  7 
miles  above  its  outlet,  into  Green  Bay. 

FEANKLIN,  Town,  in  county  of  Milwaukee,  being  town  5  N".,  of 
range  21  E. ;  centrally  located,  12  miles  southwest  from  Mil 
waukee.  The  population  in  1850  was  1,246.  It  has  nine 
school  districts. 

FRANKLIN,  P.  V.,  Milwaukee  county,  in  town  of  same  name,  on 
section  7,  town  5  E".,  of  range  21  E.,  12  miles  southwest  from 
Milwaukee,  and  80  miles  east  from  Madison.  It  is  beautifully 
located,  2  miles  south  of  the  Milwaukee  and  Janesville  plank 
road,  and  three  miles  northeast  from  Muskego  lake.  Popula 
tion  60 ;  with  17  dwellings,  2  stores,  and  2  hotels. 

FEEDONIA,  Town,  in  county  of  Washington,  being  town  12  !N"., 
of  range  21  E. ;  centrally  located,  9  miles  northwest  from 
Ozaukee.  The  population  in  1850  was  672.  It  has  9  school 
districts. 

FEEDONIA,  P.  0.,  in  county  of  Washington,  being  town  12  !N".,  of 
range  21  E. ;  centrally  located,  9  miles  northwest  from  Ozau 
kee. 

FEEEDOM,  Town,  in  county  of  Outagamie,  being  all  of  said  county, 
not  included  in  the  Oneida  Reservation,  in  towns  22  and  23 
!N".,  of  range  18  and  19  E. ;  centrally  located,  15  miles  north 
east  from  Grand  Chute.  It  has  two  school  districts. 

FEEEDOM,  Town,  in  county  of  Sank,  located  west  from  Baraboo.  It 
has  5  school  districts. 

FEEMONT,  P.  V.,  in  Waupacca  county,  being  on  section  25,  town 
21  K,  of  range  13  E. ;  it  is  11  miles  southwest  from  Mukwa. 
Population  50;  12  dwellings,  2  stores,  and  1  hotel.  It  is 
situated  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Wolf  river ;  is  a  steam  boat 
landing,  and  the  only  feasible  crossing  on  the  river  in  the 
route  from  Menasha  to  Plover  Portage. 

FRENCH,  Creek,  in  Columbia  county,  a  small  tributary  of  the  Fox 
or  Neenah  river,  from  the  east,  in  Port  Hope. 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER.  95 

FRENCH,  Creek,  a  branch  from  the  east  of  Little  Platte  river,  in  the 
towns  of  Paris  and  Smeltzer. 

FRIENDSHIP,  Town,  in  county  of  Fond  du  Lac,  being  town  16  E"., 
of  range  17  E.  The  population  is  415.  It  has  5  school  districts. 

FRIENDSHIP,  Town,  in  county  of  Fond  du  Lac,  being  town  16  N"., 
of  range  17  E ;  centrally  located,  6  miles  north  from  Fond 
du  Lac  city. 

FULTON,  P.  T7".,  in  town  of  same  name,  Rock  county,  on  section 
7,  town  4  K,  of  range  12  E. 

FULTON,  Town,  in  county  of  Eock,  being  town  4:  IS".,  of  range  12 
E. ;  centrally  located,  10  miles  north  from  Janesville.  The 
population  in  1850  was  1828.  It  has  7  school  districts. 

GARLICK,  Island,  in  Lake  Winnebago,  near  its  west  shore. 

GAUCHE,  Hiver,  enters  Fond  du  Lac  Bay,  (Lake  Superior,)  near 
St.  Louis  river,  in  La  Pointe  county. 

GENESEE,  Town,  in  county  of  Waukesha,  being  town  6  1ST.,  of  range 
18  E. ;  centrally  located,  8  miles  from  Waukesha,  the  county 
seat.  The  population  in  1850  was  1,290.-  It  has  9  school  dis 
tricts. 

GENESEE,  P.  V.,  Waukesha  county,  in  town  of  same  name,  being 
town  6  X.,  of  range  18  E.,  8  miles  west  southwest  from 
Waukesha,  and  66  miles  east  from  Madison.  It  is  one  mile 
south  of  the  depot  on  the  M.  &  M.  E.  E.  It  has  160  inhabi 
tants,  30  dwellings,  1  store,  1  hotel,  1  new  congregational 
church,  1  flouring  mill,  1  saw  mill,  1  woollen  factory.  It  is 
beautifully  situated  on  White  creek,  which  falls  76  feet  in  one 
mile,  and  is  used  for  three  separate  powers  of  20,  22  and  22 
feet  each. 

GENESEE,  Farm,  residence  of  the  Hon.  E.  W.  Edgerton,  in  town  of 
Summit,  Waukesha. 

GENESEE,  Lake,  forms  the  head  waters  of  Battle  creek,  and  is 
located  one  mile  south  of  the  centre  of  the  town  of  Summit, 
Waukesha  county. 


96  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

GENEVA,  Town,  in  county  of  Walworth,  being  town  2  N.,  of  range 
IT  E. ;  centrally  located,  5  miles  southeast  from  Elkhorn. 
The  population  in  1850  was  1533.  It  has  8  school  districts. 

GENEVA,  P.  "F".,  in  town  of  same  name,  in  Walworth  county, 
being  on  sectian  36,  at  the  northeast  extremity  of  Lake  Ge 
neva. 

GENEVA  BAY,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  Geneva,  Walworth  county. 

GENEVA,  Creel;  has  its  source  in  Geneva  Lake,  Walworth  county, 
and  running  northeasterly  enters  Peckatonnica  at  Burlington, 
Racine  county. 

GENEVA,  Lake,  is  in  the  southern  part  of  Walworth  county,  8  miles 
long,  with  a  mean  breadth  of  1  mile.  It  is  supplied  mostly 
from  springs,  and  discharges  its  waters  into  the  Pishtaka 
river,  through  Geneva  creek. 

GENOA,  P.  I7".,  in  town  of  Geneva,  Walworth  county,  being  town 
2  K,  of  range  17  E. 

GENTHER'S,  Creel;  a  branch  from  the  north  of  Chippewa  river, 
Chippewa  county. 

GERMANTOWN,  Town,  in  county  of  Washington,  being  town  9  N". ; 
of  range  20  E. ;  centrally  located,  IS  miles  south  west  from 
Ozaukee,  the  county  seat.  The  population  in  1850  was  1,722. 
It  has  10  school  districts. 

GIBBSVILLE,  P.  0,,  in  Sheboygan  county,  on  section  20,  town  14 
!N".,  of  range  22  E. ;  9  miles  southwest  from  Sheboygan,  and 
100  miles  northeast  from  Madison.  It  is  on  the  road  from 
Milwaukee,  50  miles ;  to  Green  Bay,  65  miles.  It  was  first 
settled  by  three  brothers,  whose  name  it  bears,  in  1836. 

GIBRALTER,  Creel;  a  small  stream  entering  Green  Bay,  in  the 
northeast  corner  of  Brown  county. 

GIBSON,  Creek,  is  a  small  tributary  from  the  north  of  Baraboo  river, 
which  it  enters  three  miles  above  Baraboo  village. 

GILBERT'S  MILLS,  on  Eed  Cedar  river,  in  Chippewa  county,  town 
28  K.,  of  range  13  W. 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER.  97 

GOLDEN,  Lake,  is  on  the  line  between  Jefferson  and  Waukesha 
counties,  3  miles  in  circumference,  and  discharges  its  waters 
through  Duck  creek  into  Bark  river. 

GOOD  HOPE,  P.  T7".,  in  county  of  Milwaukee,  on  section  8,  town  8 

N.,  of  range  22  E. 
GRAFTON,  P.  T7".,  in  town  of  same  name,  county  of  Washington. 

GRAFTON,  Town,  in  county  of  Washington,  being  town  10  IS".,  of 
range  22  E.,  and  east  tier  of  sections  of  town  10  N.,  range  21 
E. ;  centrally  located,  6  miles  southwest  from  Ozaukee.  The- 
population  in  1850  was  626.  It  has  6  school  districts. 

GRAND  ROCHE- A-Gms,  Creek,  empties  into  the  Wisconsin  in  range 
5  1ST.,  Crawford  county. 

GRAND  CHUTE,  Town,  in  county  of  Outagamie,  being  town  21  X.», 
of  range  17  E.  ;  centrally  located,  3  miles  northwest  from 
Grand  Chute,  the  county  seat.  It  has  6  school  districts. 

GRAND  CHUTE,  Rapids,  of  the  Xeenah  river,  7  miles  below  Win- 
nebago  Rapids,  with  a  fall  of  30  in  8525  feet. 

GRAND  KAKALIN,  Rapids,  of  Neenah  river,  with  a  fall  of  44  feet 
in  a  distance  less  than  9,000  feet.  These  rapids  are  9  miles« 
below  Grand  Chute. 

GRAND  MARSH.  P.  0.,  in  Columbia  county. 

GRAND  PRAIRIE,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  Middleton,  Marquette  county ,. 

being  on  section  35,  in  town  15  X.,  of  range  12  E. 
GRAND,  Rapids,  are  shoals  of  the  Menominee  river,  about  2  miles 

in  length,  below  White  Rapids. 
GRAND,  Rapids,  town  in  county  of  Portage. 

GRAND  RAPIDS,  P.  F".,.,in  county  of  Portage,  being  on  section  17, 
town  22  !N".,  of  range  6,  in  town  of  same  name.  It  is  16  miles 
southwest  from  Plover,  county  seat,  and  115  miles  northwest 
from  Madison.  Population  400  ;  30  dwellings,  3  stores,  3 
hotels,  4  saw  mills,  1  Catholic  church.  It  possesses  the  best 
water  power  in  the  State,  abounding  with  springs  of  pure 
soft  water.  Lumber  and  shingles  have  been  the  chief  products, 


$8  WISCONSIN'    GAZETTEER. 

although  some  attention  has  been  paid  to  farming.  There  is 
plenty  of  government  land  in  the  vicinity,  and  timber  enough 
to  last  for  years.  Iron  ore  is  found.  Most  of  the  buildings 
have  been  erected  within  two  years. 

•GKAND,  River,  rises  in  the  western  portion  of  Fond  du  Lac  county, 
and  running  near  the  line  between  towns  14  and  15  N.,  enters 
the  Neenah  about  a  mile  above  the  head  of  Apuckaway  lake. 

GKAND  SPRINGS,  name  given  to  large  springs  in  Montrose,  Dane 
county,  emptying  into  Sugar  river. 

CTRAND  SPRINGS,  P.  T7".,  in  Dane  county,  on  section  25,  town  5  ]N"., 
of  range  8  E.  ;  16  miles  southwest  from  Madison.  Its  general 
location  and  advantages  are  good,  being  on  the  outlet  of  large 
springs  emptying  into  Sugar  river,  and  in  a  good  farming 
region.  It  has  109  inhabitants,  25  dwellings,  1  store,  1  hotel, 
1  mill,  1  manufactory,  and  1  religious  denomination. 

«GEANT,  County,  is  bounded  on  the  northwest  and  north  by  the 
"Wisconsin  river,  which  separates  it  from  Crawford  and  Rich- 
land,  on  the  east  by  Iowa  and  Lafayette,  on  the  south  by  the 
northern  line  of  the  State  of  Illinois,  and  on  the  southwest 
by  the  State  of  Iowa,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  Mis 
sissippi  river.  It  was  set  off  from  Iowa,  and  fully  organized 
by  an  act  approved  Dec.  7,  1836.  The  eastern  boundary  ex 
tends  north,  on  the  4th  principal  meridian,  about  50  miles. 
The  southern  boundary  on  Illinois  river  is  only  about  10  miles, 
and  its  river  coast  is  about  100  miles  in  length.  The  seat  of 
justice  is  at  Lancaster,  near  the  centre  of  the  county.  Its 
principal  streams  are  Grant,  Big  and  Little  Platte,  Greene 
and  Blue  rivers.  The  surface  of  the  country  consists  of  a 
series  of  ridges,  high  rolling  prairie  and  timbered  lands. 
'The  ridges  are  filled  with  fissures,  which  are  abundantly  sup 
plied  with  ores  of  zinc,  lead,  and  occasionally  copper.  It  is 
one  of  the  best  mineral  counties  in  the  State,  and  there  is  no 
•other  in  which  the  soil  is  better  adapted  to  the  raising  of 
wheat  and  corn.  The  county  is  well  supplied  with  timber, 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER.  99 

and  has  many  fine  streams  abounding  in  springs  of  pure 
water.  It  is  said  that  there  is  neither  lake,  swamp,  nor  stag 
nant  pool  of  water  in  the  county.  It  is  attached  to  the  fifth 
judicial  circuit,  and  to  the  second  congressional  district',  and 
constitutes  the  16th  senate  district,  and  sends  five  members  to 
the  assembly,  as  follows :  1.  Towns  of  Hazel  Green,  James 
town  and  Smeltzer.  2.  Towns  of  Paris,  Ptosi  and  Harring 
ton.  3.  Towns  of  Platteville,  Lima,  Clifton,  Muscoda  and 
Wingville.  4.  Towns  of  Fennimore,  Ellenboro',  Liberty  and 
Lancaster.  5.  Towns  of  Waterloo,  Beetown,  Patchgrove  and 
Cassville.  The  population  in  1838  was  2,763  ;  1840,  3,926  ; 
1842,  5,937;  1846,  12,034;  1847,  14,016;  1850,  16,169; 
2861  dwellings,  707  farms,  78  manufactories.  County  Offi 
cers  for  1853  and  1854:  Judge,  Cyrus  K.  Lord;  Clerk  of 
Court,  A.  'W.  Kendall ;  District  Attorney,  J.  Allen  Barber ; 
Register,  George  II.  Cox ;  Clerk  of  Board  of  Supervisors, 
Wood  A.  Beach. 

GRANT,  Diggings,  a  mining  settlement,  on  section  15,  town  4  N"., 
of  range  4  W.,  in  county  of  Grant. 

GRANT,  River ,  waters  the  central  portion  of  Grant  county,  and 
enters  the  Mississippi  in  the  southwest  corner  of  the  town  of 
Potosi. 

GRANVILLE,  P.  Q.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Milwaukee  county. 

GRANVILLE,  Town,  in  county  of  Milwaukee,  being  towrn  8  N".,  of 
range  21  E. ;  centrally  located.  12  miles  northwest  from  Mil 
waukee.  The  population  in  1850  was  1,739.  It  has  9  school 
districts. 

GRASS,  Lalte^  in  Columbia  county,  a  small  lake  in  town  12  !N".3  of 
range  8  E. ;  between  Baraboo  and  Wisconsin  rivers,  5  miles 
west  from  Portage. 

GRATIOT,  Town,  in  county  of  Lafayette.  Over  7,000  acres  of  land 
were  sold  in  this  town  during  the  year  1852.  !No  discoveries 
of  mineral  have  been  made  in  this  town,  except  float.  The 
inhabitants  are  mostly  farmers. 


100  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

GRATTOT,  P.  V.,  in  Lafayette  county,  in  town  of  the  same  name, 
•on  section  9,  town  1  N".,  of  range  4  E. ;  12  miles  east  from 
Shullsburg,  28  from  Galena,  28  from  Mineral  Point,  and  65 
southwest  from  Madison.  Population  50 ;  10  dwellings,  1 
store,  1  hotel,  and  1  schoolhouse. 

GREAT  BUTTE  DES  MORTS,  Lcike,  is  an  expansion  of  the  ^eenah 
river,  just  below  the  mouth  of  the  Wolf,  and  5  miles  west  of 
Oshkosh.  It  is  four  miles  long  and  two  wide. 

GREEN,  Bay,  is  an  arm  of  Lake  Michigan,  from  its  northwest  ex- 
rtremity,  extending  southwest  120  miles,  having  a  coast  of  320 
smiles  in  length,  and  being  from  6  to  30  miles  wide.  Its  mean 
length  is  100  miles,  breadth  20  mile?,  and  depth  50  feet,  with 
an  area  of  2,000  square  miles,  at  an  elevation  of  518  feet 
above  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  Green  Bay  was  so  called  from  the 
fact  that  voyagers,  upon  leaving  Mackinaw  in  the  early 
spring  before  the  trees  put  forth  their  buds,  found  the  borders 
of  this  Bay  covered  with  the  finest  verdure  and  vegetation. 
It  was  called  the  Bay  of  Puans,  by  the  early  French,  and 
has  also  been  called  Menomine'e  Bay. 

GREEN  BAY,  P.  V.  The  village  of  Green  Bay  is  an  incorporated 
borough,  comprising  the  town  plats  of  both  Xavarino  and 
Astor,  the  former  being  designated  in  the  act  of  incorpora 
tion  as  the  north,  and  the  latter  as  the  south  wards.  The  town 
stands  in  the  junction  of  the  Fox  and  East  rivers,  on  the  east 
bank  of  the  former,  and  about  one  mile  above  the  mouth  or 
entrance  into  Green  Bay.  The  site  of  the  town,  although 
partly  low  and  flat,  is  handsome  and  pleasant ;  the  soil  is 
alluvial,  with  large  proportion  of  sand,  which  forms  dry 
streets  and  walks,  and  proves  most  excellent  for  garden  and 
cultivation.  The  present  population  of  Green  Bay  proper  is 
about  2,000,  and  is  constantly  increasing.  The  town  is  laid 
out  with  streets  and  alleys  running  at  right  angles.  The  cor 
poration  embraces  a  tract  about  one  and  a  half  miles  in  length 
on  Fox  river,  and  about  one  mile  in  width  from  east  to 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER..  101 

west.  The  buildings  are  of  wood,  mostly  frame,  and  many^of 
them  very  neat  and  commodious  as  dwellings,  stores,  ware 
houses,  offices,  &c.  The  streets  are  generally  of  good  width, 
and  the  lots  larger  than  usually  laid  out  in  villages.  Directly 
opposite,  on  the  west  shore  of  Fox  river,  stands  Old  Fort 
Howard,  and  the  new  and  flourishing  town  of  that  name, 
lately  laid  out,  and  now  containing  a  large  number  of  houses, 
stores  and  inhabitants.  The  scenery  around  Green  Bay  and 
on  the  Fox  river,  is  beautiful ;  the  climate  unsurpassed  by 
any  in  the  West  for  salubrity  and  healthfulness.  It  is  even, 
and  not  subject  to  sudden  change,  as  in  many  parts  of  the 
United  States  ;  and  all  kinds  of  fruits  and  vegetables 
capable  of  culture  in  the  eastern,  or  northern  or  western 
States,  are  easily  raised  here,  and  most  of  them  in  great  per 
fection  and  abundance.  The  bay  and  river  abound  with  a 
vast  variety  of  the  finny  tribe,  of  delicious  and  palatable 
flavor,  and  wild  duck  and  other  game  are  abundant.  The 
winter  season  may  be  said  to  commence  about  the  first  of 
December,  and  continues  with  but  slight  change  or  variation, 
until  about  the  middle  or  latter  part  of  March.  The  Fox 
river  is  navigable,  for  six  miles  from  its  mouth,  to  Depere, 
for  the  largest  class  of  steamers  and  vessels  navio-atino;  the 

O  CO 

lakes.  Its  medium  width  between  the  two  points  mentioned  is 
about  1,400  feet.  The  harbor  at  Green  Bay  is  one  of  the  most 
spacious  and  secure  on  the  whole  chain  of  lakes,  and,  as  a 
natural  one,  it  is  next  to  Detroit.  The  geographical  position 
of  this  place,  situated  as  it  is  at  the  head  of  steamboat  navi 
gation  on  the  lakes  and  upon  the  Fox  river,  connecting  with 
the  Wisconsin  and  Mississippi  by  canal,  must  necessarily  be 
a  commanding  one — and  it  only  requires  the  completion  of 
the  public  work  for  the  improvement  of  the  Fox  and  Wiscon 
sin  river,  to  insure  its  permanent  prosperity  and  future  im 
portance  as  a  commercial  and  manufacturing  depot.  The 
principal  articles  of  export  from  Green  Bay  and  the  sur 
rounding  country  at  the  present  time,  are  fish,  lumber, 
8 


102  WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER. 

shingles,  and  furs  and  peltries.  An  estimate  of  the  amount 
of  each  of  these  articles  is  made  below.  The  water  power  on 
the  Fox  river  is  equal  to,  if  it  does  not  surpass,  any  other  in 
the  West.  It  is  a  natural  one,  of  great  magnitude ;  but  when 
the  improvement,  or  public  works,  are  completed,  it  will  be 
unlimited  in  power  and  extent. 

GREEN  BAY,  Pinery,  under  this  name  is  given  the  amount  of 
lumber  manufactured  at  the  several  mills  on  Green  Bay  and 
its  tributaries,  which  is  shown  by  the  following  estimate  : 
Depere,  2,500,000 ;  Green  Bay,  2,500,000 ;  Duck  Creek,  1,500, 
000;  Hill  Creek,  500,000;  Little  Smunico,  500,000;  Pensan- 
kee,  2,000,000  ;  Oconto,  4,500,000  ;  Oconto  Falls,  6,000,000  ; 
Pishtego,  3,000,000  ;  Menominec,  5,000,000  ;  making  a  total 
of  28,000,000.  This  statement  is  exclusive  of  shingles,  &c. 
There  was  computed  to  be  in  store,  at  Green  Bay  alone,  on 
the  15th  of  March,  1853,  14,000,000  feet  of  lumber  logs  and 
timber. 

GREEN  Busn,  P.  V.,  in  county  of  Slieboygan,  being  on  section  11, 
in  town  of  same  name  15  !N".,  of  range  20  E. 

GREEN  Busn,  Town,  in  county  of  Slieboygan,  being  towns  15  and 
16,  of  range  20  E. ;  centrally  located,  northwest  from  Slie 
boygan.  It  has  8  school  districts. 

GREEN,  County,  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Dane,  on  the  east  by 
Rock,  on  the  south  by  the  State  line,  and  on  the  west  by 
Iowa  and  Lafayette,  and  is  4  townships,  or  24  miles  square. 
It  wat  set  off  from  Iowa,  Dec.  7,  183G,  to  which  it  remained 
attached  until  Jan.  15,  1838,  when  it  was  fully  organized. 
The  seat  of  justice  is  at  Monroe,  about  7  miles  south  from 
the  centre  of  the  county.  The  soil  in  the  northern  part  is 
generally  a  sandy  loam,  and  in  the  south  mostly  prairie,  with 
a  subsoil  of  clay,  and  is  very  productive,  being  adapted  to  all 
the  purposes  of  tillage  and  grazing.  It  is  well  watered  by 
the  Peckatonnica  and  Sugar  rivers  and  their  branches,  and  is 
well  apportioned  between  meadow,  prairie  and  timbered 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER.  103 

lands.  This  county  comprises  the  twenty-fourth  senate  dis 
trict,  and  sends  one  member  to  the  assembly.  It  is  connected 
with  the  first  judicial  circuit  and  to  the  second  congressional 
district.  The  mineral  region  extends  east  nearly  through  this 
county,  and  several  valuable  lodes  are  being  worked.  The 
population  in  1840  was  933  ;  1842,  1,594;  1846,  4,758  ;  184T, 
6,487;  1850,  8,583.  Dwellings,  1,487;  farms,  805;  manufac 
tories,  46.  County  Officers  for  1853  and  1854 :  County  Judge, 
John  A.  Brigham ;  Sheriff,  John  Moore  ;  Clerk  of  Court,  Xoah 
Phelps ;  District  Attorney,  E.  T.  Gardiner ;  Register  of  Deeds, 
James  L.  Powell ;  Clerk  of  Board  of  Supervisors,  Horace  B. 
Poyer ;  County  Treasurer,  Francis  Emmerson. 

GREENFIELD,  P.  I7!,  in  town  of  same  name,  Milwaukee  county, 
town  6  X.,  of  range  21  E. 

GREENFIELD,  Town,  in  county  of  Milwaukee,  being  town  6  1ST.,  of 
range  21  E. ;  centrally  located,  7  miles  southwest  from  Mil 
waukee.  The  population  in  1850  was  1,894.  It  has  15  school 
districts. 

GREENFIELD,  Town,  in  county  of  Dane,  (name  changed  to  Fitch- 
burg,)  being  town  6  K".,  of  range  9  E. ;  centrally  located,  10 
miles  southwest  from  Madison.  The  population  in  1850  was 
was  598.  It  has  8  school  districts. 

GREEN,  Island,  near  the  middle  of  Green  Bay,  opposite  the  mouth 
of  Menominec  river. 

GREEN  LAKE,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Marquette  county, 
being  on  section  4,  in  town  15  ]N~.,  of  range  13  E.,  IS  miles 
east  from  Montello. 

GREEN  LAKE,  Town,  in  county  of  Marquette.  It  has  8  school  dis 
tricts. 

GREEN,  Lake,  Marquette  county,  is  east  of  Lake  Apuckawa.  It  is 
eight  miles  long  and  two  broad,  and  discharges  its  waters  into 
the  Fox  River.  It  is  very  deep,  and  its  waters  remarkably 
pure  and  clear. 


104  WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER. 

GREEN,  River,  rises  in  town  6,  of  range  3  W.,  and  runs  northeast, 
emptying  into  the  Wisconsin. 

GREENVILLE,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Outagamie  county. 

GREENVILLE,  Town,  in  county  of  Outagamie.  It  has  2  school  dis 
tricts. 

GREEN  WOOD,  P.  0.,  in  Marquette  county. 

GRIGNON'S  Mills,  on  the  Wisconsin  river,  in  the  west  part  of  town 
22,  of  range  6  E.,  in  Portage  county. 

GROVE,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  Lafayette,  Walworth  county. 

GROVELAND,  P.  V.,  in  Winnebago  county,  on  section  1,  town  19 
N".,  of  range  16  E.  It  is  10  miles  northwest  from  Oshkosh, 
on  the  town  line  road,  and  5  miles  from  JSTeenah,  with  roads 
leading  from  Hortonville,  Ball  Prairie,  Winneconna,  and 
Appleton.  It  has  5  dwellings,  and  1  hotel. 

HALFWAY,  Creek,  a  small  stream  in  La  Crosse  county,  entering  the 
old  channel  of  Black  river,  about  half  way  between  Black 
river  and  the  present  outlet. 

HALFWAY,  Creek,  a  small  branch  of  Black  Earth  creek,  from  the 
northeast  rising  in  Berry,  Dane  county. 

HALL'S  Creek,  empties  into  the  Ivickapoo  from  the  west,  in  town  9, 
Crawford  county. 

HAMPDEN,  Town,  in  county  of  Columbia,  being  town  10  N.,  of 
range  11 ;  centrally  located,  20  miles  southeast  from" Portage. 
The  population  in  1850  was  489.  It  has  4  school  districts. 

HANCHETVILLE,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  Medina,  Dane  county,  town  8 
1ST.,  of  range  12  E. 

HARDEN,  Town,  (formerly  Albany,)  in  county  of  Marquette.  It  has 
6  school  districts. 

HARDSCRABBLE,  Diggings,  a  mining  settlement  on  the  line  between 
Grant  and  Lafayette  counties. 

HARMONY,  Town,  in  county  of  Rock,  being  town  3  1ST.,  of  range  13 
E. ;  centrally  located,  5  miles  southeast  from  Janesville.  The 
population  in  1850  was  840.  It  has  5  school  districts. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  105 

HARRISON,  Town,  in  county  of  Grant,  being  town  3  IS".,  of  range 
2  W.  ;  centrally  located,  10  miles  southeast  from  Lancaster. 
It  has  8  school  districts. 

HARRISYILLE,  P.  O.,  Marqnette  county,  on  section  14,  town  16  N., 
of  range  9  E.,  20  miles  west  from  Dartford-,  on  the  Montello 
river,  and  50  miles  north  from  Madison.  It  has  a  good  mill 
power  and  is  well  located  for  a  village,  in  a  good  farming 
country  of  land. 

HARTFORD,  Town,  in  county  of  Washington,  being  town  10  !N~., 
of  range  18  E. ;  centrally  located,  21  miles  southwest  from 
Ozaukee.  The  population  in  1850  was  1,078.  It  has  9  school 
districts. 

HARTLAND,  P.  V.,  Waukesha  county,  on  section  3,  town  7  IN".,  of 
range  18  E.,  being  in  the  town  of  Delafield,  10  miles  north 
west  from  Waukesha,  and  60  miles  east  from  Madison.  Pop 
ulation  175,  with  30  dwellings,  3  stores,  3  hotels,  1  flouring 
mill,  a  large  and  commodious  school  house.  This  place  is 
situated  on  the  Milwaukee,  Watertown  and  Madison  plank 
road,  at  the  crossing  of  Bark  river. 

HAT,  Island,  about  1  miles  southeast  from  Chamber's  Island,  in 
Green  Bay,  near  the  eastern  shore,  in  town  30  N".,  of  range 
26  E. 

HAY,  River,  a  large  tributary  of  Chippewa  river  from  the  north 
west,  empties  in  town  20  !N".,  of  range  12. 

HAY,  Creek,  is  a  small  tributary  from  the  north  of  the  Baraboo, 
which  it  enters  at  Reedsburgh,  Sank  county. 

HAZLE  GREEN,  Town,  in  county  of  Grant,  being  town  1  EC.,  of 
range  1  "W. ;  centrally  located,  18  miles  southeast  from  Lan 
caster.  It  has  5  school  districts. 

HAZLE  GREEN,  P.  V.,  Grant  county,  on  sections  24  and  25,  town 
IN.,  of  range  1  W.,  32  miles  east  of  south  from  Lancaster, 
and  80  miles  southwest  from  Madison,  on  the  mail  route  to 
Galena,  from  which  place  it  is  10  miles  north.  It  has  T50 


106  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

inhabitants,  100  dwellings,  7  stores,  3  hotel?,  1  mill,  5  black 
smith,  3  waggon,  2  cooper,  3  tailor,  2  shoemaker,  and  2 
butcher  shops ;  2  drug  stores  and  2  physicians ;  3  carpenters, 
and  1  cabinet  maker;  1  Presbyterian,  1  Catholic,  1  Baptist, 
and  1  Methodist  church. 

HEART,  Lake,  is  at  the  head  of  a  small  stream  entering  the  east  end 
of  Lake  Apuckawa,  in  town  of  Middleton,  Marquette  county. 

HEART  PRAIRIE,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  Lagrange,  Walworth  county, 
being  on  section  27,  in  town  4  ~N.,  of  range  16  E. 

HEBRON,  Town,  in  county  of  Jefferson,  being  town  6  1ST.,  of  range 
15  E.;  centrally  located,  G  miles  east  from  Jefferson.  The 
population  in  1850  was  640.  It  has  6  school  districts. 

HELENA,  Village^  in  town  of  Arena,  Iowa  county,  town  8  !N".,  of 
range  4  E. 

HELLENYILLE,  P.  0.,  on  section  23,  in  town  of  Hebron,  town  6  ~N., 
of  range  15  E.,  Jefferson  county.  It  is  6  miles  east  from  Jef 
ferson  C.  II.,  and  41  miles  southeast  from  Madison.  It  has  1 
store,  1  hotel,  1  Lutheran  church,  and  2  saw  mills. 

HERMAN,  Town,  in  county  of  Sheboygan,  being  town  16  ~N.,  of 
range  22  E. ;  centrally  located,  northwest  from  Sheboygan. 
It  has  5  school  districts. 

HERMAN,  Town,  in  county  of  Dodge,  being  town  11  1ST.,  range  17 
E. ;  centrally  located,  12  miles  northeast  from  Juneau.  It  has 
5  school  districts. 

HERMON,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Dodge  county. 
HERRON,  River,  enters  Lake  Superior,  at  Bark  Pointe. 

HIGHLAND,  Town,  in  county  of  Iowa,  being  parts  of  townships  6 
and  7  N.,  of  ranges  1  and  2  E. ;  centrally  located,  15  miles 
northwest  from  Mineral  Point.  It  has  7  school  districts. 

HIGHLAND  (recently)  Town,  in  county  of  Grant,  being  townships  4 
and  5  E".,  of  ranges  2  W. ;  divided  by  Board  of  Supervisors 
in  1852,  by  the  erection  of  the  towns  of  Liberty  and  Ellen- 
boro'. 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER.  107 

HIGHLAND,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  same  name,  in  Iowa  county,  con 
taining  400  inhabitants,  6  stores,  2  smelting  furnaces,  3  hotels, 
and  1  church.  Blue  river  runs  through  the  southern  part  of 
the  town. 

HINGIIAM,  P.  T7".,  in  county  of  Sheboygan,  being  on  section  26,  in 
town  of  Lima,  14  N.,  of  range  22  E. 

HOADLEY,  P.  0.,  in  the  county  of  Racine. 

HOLLAND,  Town,  in  county  of  Sheboygan,  being  town  13  N".,  of 
range  22  E. ;  centrally  located,  15  miles  southwest  from  She 
boygan.  It  has  7  school  districts. 

HOLMES'  Landing,  near  the  mouth  of  Eagle  creek,  in  La  Crosse 

county. 

HONEY  CREEK,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  Spring  Prairie,  Wai  worth  county, 
being  in  town  3  ]ST.,  of  range  IS  E. 

HONEY  CREEK,  Town,  in  county  of  Sank,  being  parts  of  towns  9 
and  10  X.,  of  ranges  3,  4  and  5  ;  centrally  located,  southwest 
from  Baraboo. 

HONEY,  Creek,  rises  near  Monroe,  Green  county,  and  runs  south 
west  into  the  Peckatonnica,  Green  county. 

HONEY,  Creek,  has  its  source  in  several  small  lakes  in  the  town  of 
Lag-range,  Walworth  county,  and  running  southeast,  unites 
with  Sugar  Creek  at  Vienna,  in  the  town  of  Sugar  Prairie. 

HONEY,  CreJt,  rises  in  town  10  IS".,  in  the  western  part  of  Sank 
county,  and  running  eastwardly  unites  with  Otter  creek,  and 
enters  the  Wisconsin  about  6  miles  below  Prairie  du  Sac. 

HOOSICK,  P.  0.,  Green  county,  in  southeast  corner  of  the  town  of 
Albany,  town  3  X.,  range  9  E.,  on  section  36.  It  is  14  miles 
northeast  from  Madison,  and  30  miles  south  from  Madison. 

HOOZIER  GROVE,  P.  0.,  in  Green  county. 

HOPE,  Lake,  is  a  small  lake  about  half  a  mile  in  diameter,  on  the 
town  line  between  Lake  Mills  and  Oakland.  Its  waters  are 
discharged  with  those  of  Eipley  lake,  into  lake  Koskonong. 


108  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

HORICON,  Lake,  is  a  lake  in  Dodge  and  Fond  du  Lac  counties,  in 
ranges  15  and  16  E.,  formed  by  a  dam  across  Eock  river,  at 
Horicon,  at  the  lower  point  of  "Winnebago  marsh.  It  is  16 
miles  long,  and  about  6  miles  wide. 

HORICON,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  Hubbard,  Dodge  county,  on  section  6, 
town  11  N.,  of  range  16  E.,  at  outlet  of  lake  of  same  name, 
on  Hock  river,  possessing  good  water  power. 

HORSE-SHOE,  Island,  in  Eagle  harbor,  Green  Bay. 

HORTONIA,  Town,  in  county  of  Outagamie,  being  22  !N".,  of  ranges 

15  and  16  E.,  16  miles  northwest  from  Grand  Chute.     It  has 
3  school  districts. 

HOWARD'S  GROVE,  P.  I7".,  in  county  of  Sheboygan,  being  on  sec 
tion  24,  in  town  of  Hermann,  16  N.,  of  range  22  E. 

HOWARD,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  Pewaukie,  Waukesha,  6  miles  north 
west  from  Waukesha,  on  the  mail  route  to  Delafield  from 
Milwaukee. 

HUBBARD,  Town,  in  county  of  Dodge,  being  town  11  N".,  of  range 

16  E. ;  centrally  located,  6  miles  east  from  Juneau.     It  has  7 
school  districts. 

HUBBLETON,  P.  T7".,  in  town  of  Milford,  Jefferson  county,  on  the 
Crawfish  river,  at  the  crossing  of  the  M.  "W".  &M.  plank  road. 

HUDSON,  Town,  in  county  of  Walworth,  being  town  2  !N".,  of  range 
18  E.  ;  centrally  located,  east  from  Elkhorn.  The  population 
in  1850  was  1,273.  It  has  7  school  districts. 

HUDSON,  P.  V.  &  C.  H.,  (formerly  Willow  River,)  in  county  of 
St.  Croix,  on  section  24  and  25,  town  29  K,  of  range  20  W., 
of  the  fourth  principal  meridian.  It  is  200  miles  northwest 
from  Madison.  Population  500 ;  94  dwellings,  6  stores,  4 
hotels,  2  churches,  4  denominations  ;  2  shoe,  1  harness,  3 
blacksmith,  11  carpenter,  2  cabinet  maker,  2  turner,  and  2 
tailor  shops.  It  is  beautifully  located  on  an  eminence  gra 
dually  rising  from  the  eastern  bank  of  Lake  St.  Croix,  sur 
rounded  by  a  farming  country  second  to  none  in  the  North- 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  109 

west,  and  is  eligibly  situated  to  command  the  lumbering 
interests  of  the  St.  Croix.  In  the  winter  season  it  is  the  only 
thoroughfare  and  mail  route  between  Galena  and  Minnesota. 
It  is  rapidly  increasing  in  population  and  wealth.  It  has  in 
its  vicinity  4  saw  mills  and  3  grist  mills.  The  U.  S.  Land 
Office  for  the  Chippewa  district  is  located  at  this  place. 

HUDSON,  Town,  in  St.  Croix  county,  see  Willow  River,  its  former 
name. 

HUGH  LANS'  Creek,  a  branch  from  the  east  of  Little  Platte  river,  in 
Smeltzer,  Grant  county. 

HUMES'  Rapids,  on  Rock  river,  16  miles  north  of  State  line  of 
Illinois ;  is  about  one  and  a  half  miles  in  length,  with  a 
descent  of  7  feet. 

KURD'S  Mills,  a  small  stream  entering  Red  Cedar  river,  in  Chip 
pewa  county,  in  town  28  N.,  of  range  13. 

KURD'S  Mills,  (see  Okauchee.) 

HURRICANE  GROVE,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  Lancaster,  on  section  36, 
Grant  county,  town  tt  X.,  of  range  3  W. 

HURRICANE,  Neighborhood,  embraced  in  parts  of  Lancaster,  Bee- 
town  and  Waterloo,  contains  the  heaviest  growth  of  timber  in 
the  State.  The  timber  region  took  its  name  from  a  tornado 
or  hurricane  of  wind  that  once  swept  over  and  prostrated 
most  of  the  timber,  perhaps  75  or  100  years  ago.  As  we  have 
only  tradition  and  decayed  logs  for  testimony,  nothing  very 
particular  is  known  of  the  extent  or  time  of  the  storm.  The 
present  size  of  the  trees,  and  quantity  standing  upon  the 
ground  indicate,  however,  that  the  hurricane  took  place  before 
the  generation  of  timber  now  occupying  the  country  had 
more  than  fairly  germinated.  There  are  large  quantities  of 
walnut,  basswood,  red  and  white  oak,  and  maple  trees  of 
large  size.  The  soil  of  this  timber  region  differs  from  most 
any  in  Wisconsin.  It  resembles  most  the  black  limestone 
soil  of  Pennsylvania  and  Xew  York  ;  but  in  many  places 


110  WISCONSIN   GAZETTEEB. 

ia  of  lighter  quality,  and  is  always  deeper  before  coming  to 
the  clay.  Its  productiveness  is  absolutely  astonishing — • 
yielding  under  good  cultivation  an  hundred  bushels  corn  to 
the  acre.  The  only  complaint  is  the  work  required  in  clear 
ing  the  ground  of  the  wood,  which  many  prefer  to  do  rather 
than  settle  on  prairie  land.  The  Hurricane  will  be  a  rich 
settlement  in  a  few  years. 

HUSTISFORD,  Town,)  in  county  of  Dodge,  being  in  town  10  !N"., 
of  range  16  E. ;  centrally  located,  8  miles  southeast  of  Juneau. 
It  has  8  school  districts. 

HUSTISFORD,  P.  I7".,  in  Dodge  county,  on  section  9,  town  10  !N~.,  of 
range  16  E.  It  is  8  miles  southeast  from  Juneau,  and  60  miles 
northeast  from  Madison.  It  is  situated  on  Rock  river,  on  the 
route  of  the  Milwaukee  and  La  Crosse  railroad.  Population 
75 ;  12  dwellings,  2  stores,  1  hotel,  2  mills,  and  1  Methodist 
denomination. 

HUSTIS'  Rapids^  on  Rock  river,  in  Dodge  county,  three-fourths  of 
a  mile  in  length,  in  which  distance  is  a  descent  of  about  7 
feet. 

HYLAND'S  Prairie,  is  in  the  town  of  Burnette,  Dodge  county. 

INDIA,  P.  O.,  in  county  of  Green,  being  on  section  2,  town  1  !NT., 
of  range  8  E. 

INMANSVILLE,  P.  I7!,  in  town  of  ISTewark,  Rock  county,  a  Norwe 
gian  village,  on  town  1  IN".,  of  range  11  E.  The  only  Norwe- 
wegian  paper  in  the  State  is  printed  in  this  village. 

IOWA,  County,  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Richland  and  Sank,  on 
the  east  by  Dane  and  a  portion  of  Green,  on  the  south  by 
Lafayette,  and  on  the  west  by  Grant.  It  was  formed  from 
Crawford  by  an  act  of  the  legislative  assembly  of  Michigan 
October  9,  1829,  at  which  time  it  included  all  of  the  present 
State  of  Wisconsin,  south  of  the  "Wisconsin  river,  and  west  of 
"  a  line  drawn  due  north  from  the  northern  boundary  of  Illi 
nois,  through  the  middle  of  the  Portage  between  the  Fox  and 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER.  Ill 

Wisconsin  rivers."  On  the  6th  September,  1834,  the  southern 
boundary  of  Iowa  county  was  changed  to  the  line  between 
the  Green  Bay  and  Wisconsin  land  districts,  which  was  a 
north  and  south  -line  from  the  northern  boundary  of  Illinois 
along  the  range  of  township  line  next  west  of  Fort  Winne- 
bago,  to  the  Wisconsin  river,  on  the  range  line  between 
ranges  8  and  9.  The  seat  of  justice  is  at  Mineral  Point.  It 
is  watered  by  branches  of  the  Peckatonnica  river,  Blue  river, 
and  Mineral  and  Pipe  creeks.  The  county  contains  about 
T50  square  miles,  and  is  eminently  a  mining  county,  but  is 
also  equally  valuable  for  its  agricultural  resources.  The  soil 
is  not  surpassed  in  fertility  by  any  in  the  State.  Prairie  and 
timber  land  in  about  equal  proportions.  The  wheat  or  corn 
crop  along  the  Wisconsin  river  never  fails.  The  population 
is  composed  of  Americans,  Germans,  English,  Welsh,  and 
Irish.  The  whole  northern  portion  of  the  county,  to  a  dis 
tance  of  eight  or  ten  miles  from  the  Wisconsin  river,  is 
peculiarly  an  agricultural  country,  and  unsurpassed  for  stock 
raising.  South  from  this,  the  mineral  region  extends  in  every 
direction,  over  prairie  and  woodland.  The  central  and  southern 
portion  of  the  county  is  a  mining  country,  but  none  the  less 
adapted  to  farming — for  its  rich  soil  and  abundant  wrater 
render  any  part  of  it  attractive.  Prairie  and  timber  alter 
nately  predominate.  Streams  of  water  meander  through  every 
ravine,  furnishing  not  only  irrigation  for  the  land  but  a  large 
quantity  of  water  power.  The  ague  and  fevers  of  the  West 
are  unknown  here.  The  advantages  of  this  county  are  briefly, 
health,  mineral  wealth,  agricultural  resources,  and  abundant 
water  power.  The  railroad  to  State  line  and  connection  with 
Chicago  will  give  the  settlers  here  a  constant  market.  This 
county  is  connected  with  the  fifth  judicial  circuit,  the  second 
congressional  district,  and,  with  Richland,  forms  the  fifteenth 
senate  district.  It  is  divided  into  two  assembly  districts : 
1.  Towns  of  Highland,  Dodge ville,  Ridgway,  Arena,  Wyo 
ming,  Pulaski,  and  Clyde.  2.  Towns  of  Mineral  Point, 


112  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

Mimin,  Lyndon  and  "Waldwick.  The  population  in  1830  was 
1,589;  1836,  3,218;  1838,  5,234;  1810,  3,978;  1842,5,029; 
including  Eichland— 1816,  14,905;  1817,  7,963;  1850,10,479. 
County  Officers  for  1853  and  1854  :  County  Judge,  Parley 
Eaton  ;  Sheriff,  II.  K  Mumford ;  Clerk  of  Court,  James 
Hutchinson  ;  Clerk  of  Board  of  Supervisors,  James  B.  Gray ; 
Register  of  Deeds,  N".  B.  Boyden ;  County  Treasurer,  John 
B.  Uren  ;  District  Attorney,  Amasa  Cobb  ;  County  Surveyor, 
Henry  Madden. 

IKON  RIDGE,  P.  F".,  in  town  of  Hubbard,  on  section  13,  town  11 
~N.j  of  range  16  E.,  of  Dodge  county,  8  miles  east  from  Juneau, 
and  50  miles  northeast  from  Madison.  It  was  first  settled  in 
1849,  and  is  on  the  Milwaukee  and  Mayville  plank  road,  in 
a  good  farming  region  of  land,  with  abundance  of  water,  and 
an  inexhaustible  bed  of  the  best  quality  of  iron,  occupying 
about  80  acres  of  surface,  and  from  10  to  50  feet  deep.  Popu 
lation  60  ;  with  15  dwellings,  1  store,  1  hotel,  1  mill,  2  asheries, 
1  pearl-house  and  saleratus  manufactory. 

IKON,  JZiver,  a  tributary  of  Lake  Superior,  in  La  Pointe  county, 
east  of  Bois  Brule  river. 

ISLAND,  Ldke^  in  town  of  Dunn,  Dane  county,  on  section  27,  town 
6  K,  of  range  10  E. 

IVES'  GROVE,  P.  O.,  in  Racine  county. 

IXONIA,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Jefferson  county,  on  section 
30,  town  8  N".,  of  range  16  E.,  known  as  Piperville,  on  Rock 
river,  6  miles  above  Watertown. 

IXONIA,  Town,  in  county  of  Jefferson,  being  town  8  !N".,  of  range 
16  E. ;  centrally  located,  14  miles  northeast  from  Jefferson. 
The  population  in  1850  was  1,113.  It  has  11  school  districts. 

JACKSON,  Town,  in  county  of  Washington,  being  town  10  N"., 
of  range  20  E.  ;  centrally  located,  15  miles  southwest  from 
Ozaukee.  The  population  in  1850  was  1,038.  It  has  10  school 
districts. 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER.  113 

JAMESTOWN,  Town,  in  county  of  Grant,  being  fractional  town  1 
!N".,  of  range  2  "W. ;  centrally  located,  20  miles  southwest  from 
Lancaster.  It  has  3  school  districts. 

JAMESTOWN,  P.  Y.,  Grant  county,  en  section  1  of  town  of  same 
name,  26  miles  south  from  Lancaster,  and  85  miles  southwest 
from  Madison,  is  in  a  healthy  location,  on  the  head  waters  of 
the  Menominee  creek.  It  has  a  population  of  100  ;  with  25 
dwellings,  1  store,  1  hotel,  1  good  public  school,  2  religious 
denominations,  a  lodge  of  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  a  division  of  Sons, 
of  Temperance. 

JANESYILLE,  City,  see  Appendix. 

JANES VILLE,  Town,  in  county  of  Rock,  being  town  3  ~N.,  of  range 
12  E. ;  located  in  the  southeast  corner  of  which  is  Janesville-,. 
the  county  seat.  The  population  in  1850  was  3,419.  It  has, 
12  school  districts. 

JEFFERSON,  County,  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Dodge,  east  by 
Waukesha,  south  by  "Walworth  and  Rock,  and  west  by  Dane, 
and  is  four  townships  square,  containing  576  sections.  It  was 
set  off  December  7,  1836,  and  established  from  Milwaukee, 
to  which  it  remained  attached  until  29th  February,  1839, 
when  it  was  completely  organized.  The  county  seat  is  at  the 
village  of  Jefferson,  opposite  the  forks  of  the  Crawfish  with 
Rock  river,  and  near  the  centre  of  the  county.  Its  streams 
are,  Rock,  Crawfish,  and  Bark  river,  and  Johnson's,  Scuper- 
nong,  "Whitewater,  Waterloo,  Duck,  and  Battle  creek.  The 
northeastern  portion  of  the  county  is  covered  by  the  best 
growth  of  hard  timber  in  the  State,  the  southeast  by  prairie, 
and  the  remainder  by  openings.  The  surface  of  the  western 
portion  of  the  county  is  level  or  gently  undulating.  The 
excellent  farming  land,  being  well  watered  and  timbered,  to 
gether  with  its  location  and  enterprizing  inhabitants,  entitle 
it  to  a  position  among  the  best  counties  in  the  State.  The 
county  of  Jefferson  constitutes  the  fifteenth  senate  district, 
and  is  divided  into  three  assembly  districts,  viz. :  1.  The  town 


114  WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER. 

of  Watertown.  2.  The  town  of  Waterloo,  Milford,  Lake  Mills, 
and  Oakland.  3.  Jefferson  and  Koskonong.  4.  Ixonia,  Con 
cord,  Farmington  and  Aztalan.  5.  Hebron,  Sullivan,  Cold- 
spring  and  Palmyra.  It  is  connected  with  the  second  judicial 
circuit,  and  the  third  congressional  district.  The  population 
in  1838  was  468 ;  1840,914;  1842,1,638;  1846,8,680;  1847, 
11,464;  1850,  15,339.  Dwellings,  2,933;  manufactories,  25; 
farms,  1,042. 

JEFFERSON,  Town,  in  county  of  Green,  being  town  1  !N".,  of  range 
8 ;  centrally  located,  6  miles  southeast  from  Monroe.  The 
population  in  1850  was  692.  It  has  7  school  districts. 

JEFFERSON,  Town,  in  county  of  Jefferson,  being  town  6  N\,  of 
range  14  E.  The  county  seat  is  in  this  town.  The  population 
in  1850  was  1,610.  It  has  11  school  districts. 

JEFFERSON,  P.  Tr.  and  C.  II.,  in  town  and  county  of  same  name,  on 
sect.  11,  is  located  at  the  junction  of  Crawfish  and  Rock  rivers, 
near  the  centre  of  the  county,  and  32  miles  east  from  Madison, 
on  the  line  of  R.  R.  V.  IT.  R.  R.  This  place  is  between  the 
timber  and  openings,  and  has  not  been  properly  developed  on 
account  of  the  poor  roads  from  the  east ;  they,  however,  have 
recently  been  much  improved.  The  surrounding  country  is 
thickly  settled,  having  a  family  upon  nearly  every  40  acre  tract 
of  land.  These  farms  are  just  beginning  to  pay  well,  and  this 
vicinity  is  destined  to  be  one  of  the  best  farming  districts  of 
the  AVest.  There  is  a  good  water  power  on  Rock  river,  and 
another  on  the  Crawfish.  It  has  950  inhabitants,  150  dwel 
lings,  10  stores,  2  hotels,  4  mills,  1  chair  factory,  3  shoe  shops, 
2  churches,  a  courthouse  and  jail. 

JEFFERSON,  Prairie,  is  the  name  of  a  large  prairie  in  Clinton, 
Rock  county. 

JOHNSON'S  Creek,  rises  in  the  town  of  AVatertown,  runs  south  into 
Farmington,  and  thence  west  into  Rock  river,  in  the  town  of 
Aztalan,  Jefferson  county. 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER.  115 

JOHNSON'S  Rapids,  this  was  the  former  name  of  the  excellent  hy 
draulic  power  of  Rock  river,  at  the  present  village  of  Water- 
town,  Jefferson  county.  The  descent  of  the  river  in  two  miles 
is  about  25  feet. 

JOHNSTOWN,  Town,  in  county  of  Rock,  being  town  3  X.,  range  14- 
E. ;  centrally  located,  ten  miles  east  from  Janesville.  Popu 
lation  in  1850  was  1,271.  It  has  9  school  districts. 

JOHNSTOWN,  P.  V.,  on  section  23  of  town  of  same  name,  13  miles 
east  from  Janesville,  and  fifty  miles  southeast  from  Madison. 
It  has  about  40  dwellings,  2  stores,  2  hotels,  1  Baptist  and  1 
Congregational  church.  It  has  a  pleasant  and  healthy  loca 
tion  on  Rock  Prairie,  and  in  a  vicinity  of  farms  of  good  soil 
and  well  cultivated.  Much  attention  has  been  paid  to  the 
raising  of  sheep,  with  satisfactory  results. 

JOHNSTOWN  CENTRE,  P.  V.,  on  section  24  of  town  of  same  name, 
10  miles  east  from  Janesville,  and  42  miles  southeast  from 
Madison.  It  has  200  inhabitants,  40  dwellings,  2  stores,  and  1 
hotel.  It  is  located  at  the  junction  of  the  Chicago  and  Madi 
son  with  the  Janesville  and  Milwaukee  stage  roads,  on  the 
north  edge  of  Rock  Prairie. 

JORDAN,  Town,  in  the  county  of  Greene,  being  town  2  N.,  of 
range  6.  The  population  in  1850  was  389.  It  has  4  school 
districts. 

JUNEAU,  P.  V.  (formerly  Dodge  Centre,)  and  county  seat  of  Dodge 
county,  is  situated  on  section  21  of  town  11  X.,  of  range  15 
E.,  being  the  town  of  Oak  Grove,  formerly  Fairfield.  It  has 
a  beautiful  location,  on  the  surveyed  route  of  the  R.  R.  V.  U. 
R,  R.  Population  300;  with  50  dwellings,  3  stores,  2  hotels, 
and  3  religious  denominations. 

O 

KAGINE,  Lake,  La  Pointe  county,  forms  the  head  waters  of  the 
principal  branch  of  the  Mashkeg  river. 

KANGAROO,  Lake,  in  town  30  IS".,  of  range  20,  Door  county,  near 
shore  of  Lake  Superior. 

K  AM  Ay  os  A,  River,  of  Lake  Superior,  see  Poplar  river. 


110  WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER. 


,  Town,  in  Outagamie  county,  being  town  21  N".,  of 
range  18,  and  "W.  half  of  19  ;  centrally  located,  6  miles  from 
Grand  Chute.  It  lias  5  school  districts. 

KAUKAUNA,  P.  Ir.,  Outagamie  county,  on  section  24  of  town  of 
same  name.  It  is  eight  miles  northeast  from  Appleton,  and 
115  northeast  from  Madison.  It  is  situated  at  the  present 
head  of  navigation  on  the  Lower  Fox,  20  miles  above  Green 
Bay.  At  Kaukauna  (formerly  Grand  Kaukaulin)  there  is  a 
descent  in  the  river  of  M  feet,  which  is  being  improved  by  a 
canal  one  mile  in  length,  which  is  to  be  passed  by  four  locks, 
and  will  probably  be  completed  during  the  present  season. 
This  place  has  an  abundance  of  water  power,  and  is  sur 
rounded  by  good  farming  lands,  both  timbered  and  openings. 
Population  200  ;  with  30  dwellings,  3  stores,  4  hotels,  1  saw 
mill,  and  a  Baptist  and  Catholic  church. 

KAUKAULIN,  Creek,  a  small  tributary  from  the  south  of  the  K"ee- 
nah  river,  which  it  enters  at  Grand  Kaukalin. 

KAYISIKING,  (or  Shell,)  River,  is  the  outlet  of  Shell  Lake,  in  south 
part  of  La  Pointe  county. 

KAYONGWA-SOGOKA,  River,  a  tributary  from  the  east  of  Bad  river, 
in  La  Pointe  county. 

KENDALL,  Toimi,  in  Lafayette  county,  12  miles  north  from  Shulls- 
burg. 

KENINGAMOKE,  Lake,  a  small  lake  in  the  northeastern  part  of  the 
town  of  Rochester,  Racine  county. 

KENOSHA,  County,  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Racine,  east  by 
Lake  Michigan,  south  by  the  State  of  Illinois,  and  west  by 
"Walworth  and  a  portion  of  Racine.  The  county  seat  is  at 
Kenosha,  formerly  known  as  Southport,  on  the  lake  shore, 
about  midway  between  the  northern  and  southern  extremity 
of  the  county.  It  was  set  off  from  Racine  and  fully  organized, 
30th  January,  1850.  The  eastern  portion  of  the  county  is 
mostly  prairie,  with  occasional  groves  of  timber.  In  the 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER.  117 

northeast  part  is  a  large  tract  of  heavy  timber.  The  western 
portion  is  mostly  openings.  The  soil  is  productive  in  the 
highest  degree,  and  well  adapted  to  the  growing  of  all  the 
crops  of  the  climate,  and  the  raising  of  stock.  It  has  the 
best  of  market  facilities — Kenosha  close  at  hand,  and  Mil 
waukee  and  Chicago  easy  of  access.  It  has  a  healthy  climate, 
and  is  settled  by  an  intelligent  and  enterprizing  class  of 
farmers.  The  principal  streams  are  the  Fox,  (Pishtaka,)  the 
Aux  Raines  and  Pike  creeks.  Population  10,734;  927  farms, 
and  1,812  dwellings.  This  county  belongs  to  the  first  congres 
sional  district,  the  first  judicial  circuit,  and  forms  the  eighth 
senate  district,  sending  two  members  to  the  assembly  as  fol 
lows  :  1.  City  of  Kenosha  and  towns  of  Southport,  Somers, 
and  Pleasant  Prairie  ;  2.  Towns  of  Paris,  Bristol,  Brighton, 
Salem  and  "Wheatland.  County  Officers  for  1853  and  1854  : 
County  Judge,  Hon.  Isaac  N.  Stoddard  ;  2.  Sheriff,  Patrick 
Cosgrave  ;  Clerk  of  Court,  Oscar  F.  Dana  ;  Register  of  Deeds, 
Samuel  Y.  Brande ;  County  Treasurer,  Michael  Frank;  Dis 
trict  Attorney,  Isaac  "W.  "Webster ;  County  Surveyor,  M. 
liowland;  Clerk  of  Board  of  Supervisors,  R.  H.  Deming ; 
Coroner,  Philip  Carey. 

KENOSHA,  City,  is  situated  upon  Lake  Michigan,  55  miles  north 
from  Chicago,  and  35  miles  south  from  Milwaukee,  and  is 
distant  from  Madison  104  miles.  It  is  the  most  southern  port 
on  Lake  Michigan  in  the  State.  When  the  resources  of  the 
county  are  fully  developed — when  capital  finds  its  account  in 
making  necessary  improvements,  this  place  is  destined  to  be 
a  city  of  wealth,  business  and  importance.  The  country  which 
surrounds  it  is  eminently  productive,  and  its  surface  is 
agreeably  diversified  and  beautiful.  The  city  itself  presents 
a  great  diversity  of  soil  and  surface,  and  is  generally  esti 
mated  on  this  account  to  occupy  a  more  favorable  position 
than  those  places  which  have  a  uniform  level  surface,  and  a 
perfect  uniformity  of  soil.  There  is  no  considerable  stream 
emptying  itself  into  the  lake  at  this  place  ;  but  the  harbor  is 
9 


118  WISCONSIN  GAZETTEER. 

mainly  formed  by  a  small  bay,  which  extends  in  a  circular 
form  for  about  one  mile,  where  it  again  intersects  the  lake, 
forming  an  island,  and  making  two  outlets  from  the  bay  into 
the  lake,  thus  creating,  in  the  opinion  of  many,  when  it  shall 
have  been  properly  improved,  one  of  the  most  convenient 
and  picturesque  harbors  upon  the  whole  chain  of  lakes.  In 
the  spring  of  1835,  a  company  was  formed  in  western  Xew 
York,  whose  object  was  to  effect  a  settlement  at  some  favor 
able  point  in  the  West,  and  Hon.  John  Bullen,  now  resident 
here,  was  selected  as  the  agent  of  the  company,  to  proceed  to 
the  West  and  select  a  location.  He  arrived  at  this  place, 
then  uninhabited,  and  also  far  distant  from  any  settlement, 
on  12th  June,  1835,  and  from  that  time  became  a  permanent 
resident  of  the  place.  The  first  building,  a  log  one,  was 
erected  in  the  month  of  July  following.  The  company  which 
he  represented  having,  in  part,  soon  after  arrived,  the  place 
immediately  assumed  an  appearance  of  activity.  The  growth 
of  the  place  has  been  greatly  retarded  for  want  of  sufficient 
appropriation  from  Congress  for  the  construction  of  a  harbor 
and  piers.  The  harbor  still  remains  in  an  unfinished  state, 
though  its  improvement  is  slowly  but  steadily  advancing. 
The  first  bridge  pier  ever  erected  on  Lake  Michigan  was 
built  here  by  Benjamin  P.  Cahoon,  since  which  time  two 
others  have  been  built  out  into  the  lake  by  private  enterprize. 
These,  in  absence  of  better  facilities,  answer  in  a  manner, 
though,  it  must  be  acknowledged,  not  in  an  entirely  satisfac 
tory  manner,  the  wants  of  business  and  the  demands  of  com 
merce.  In  addition  to  private  schools  and  academies,  there 
are  two  large  public  schools.  The  building  in  the  first  ward 
accommodates  700  scholars,  and  the  one  in  the  second  ward 
about  300,  and  both  have  a  corps  of  well  accomplished  in 
structors.  There  are  three  public  papers  printed — whig,  de 
mocrat  and  free  soil.  "What  are  termed  Artesian  wells  have 
been  sunk  with  manifest  success  and  advantage,  by  boring 
from  135  to  180  feet,  a  vein  of  water  is  struck,  which  over- 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEEK.  1.19 

flows  the  surface,  furnishing  an  unfailing  supply  of  the  purest 
of  water.  A  plank  road  has  been  built  to  Fox  river,  distance 
20  miles,  and  will  ultimately  be  constructed  to  Beloit.  There 
is  a  charter  for  a  railroad  to  terminate  at  the  same  point. 
City  Officers  :  Mayor,  Charles  C.  Slioles  ;  Clerk,  J.  Murray ; 
Treasurer,  Daniel  M.  Clarkson ;  Marshal,  Richard  B.  Winsor  ; 
Justices,  J.  Mansfield,  0.  Colwell,  F.  J.  Whitlock. 

Kouo,  P.  0.,  in  "Winnebago  county. 
KESHAYNIC,  River,  see  Grand  river. 

KEWASKUM,  Town,  (formerly  North  Bend,)  in  county  of  Wash 
ington,  being  the  north  two-thirds  of  town  9,  range  19  E. ; 
centrally  located,  20  miles  northwest  from  Ozaukee.  The 
population  in  1850  was  672.  It  has  6  school  districts. 

KEWAUNEE,  County,  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Door  county,  on 
the  east  by  the  state  line  in  Lake  Michigan,  on  the  south  by 
Manitowoc,  and  on  the  west  by  Brown,  and  contains  about 
thirteen  townships  of  land.  It  was  set  off  from  Door,  April 
16,  1852,  and  is  attached  to  Manitowoc  for  judicial  purposes. 
The  streams  are  Kewaunee  and  Red  rivers,  Benton's,  Mar 
tin's,  Ashnepee  and  Thorn-apple  creeks.  It  is  attached  to 
the  second  senatorial  and  third  congressional  districts  and 
with  Brown  and  Door,  sends  one  member  to  the  assembly. 
The  county  having  been  so  recently  established,  has  not  as 
yet  reached  to  much  dignity  as  a  county. 

KEWAUNEE,  Town,  in  county  of  Kewaunee,  embracing  the  whole 
county. 

KEWAUNEE,  River,  in  county  of  same  name,  rises  in  the  eastern 
portion  of  Brown  county,  and  running  southeast,  enters  Lake 
Michigan,  in  town  23  !N".,  of  range  25  W.  It  is  about  25 
miles  long,  and  is  navigable  for  5  or  6  miles  from  the  lake. 

KEWAWIYE,  Lake,  on  the  line  between  Chippewa  and  La  Pointe 
county. 

KEYES'  Lake,  see  Rock  Lake. 


120  WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER. 

KEYES'  Creek,  is  the  outlet  of  Kock  lake,  in  the  towns  of  Lake 
Mills,  Aztalan  and  Milford,  in  Jefferson  county. 

KICKAPOO,  River,  rises  in  Bad  Ax  county,  and  runs  south,  nearly 
parallel  with  the  Mississippi,  in  town  7  K,  of  range  4  E.,  in 
Crawford  county. 

KILBER,  River,  a  small  stream  entering  the  Mississippi,  in  the 
western  part  of  Cassville,  Grant  county. 

KILBOURN,  Diggings,  mining  point  in  town  1,  range  1  W. 
KILBOURNTOWN,  see  Milwaukee  city. 
KILLDARE,  Town,  in  county  of  Sank. 

KILLMAKE,  Creek,  a  small  tributary  of  the  north  branch  of  Mani- 
towoc  river,  in  town  19  N".,  of  range  20,  Calumet  county. 

KINEDO,  Lake,  see  Tomahawk  lake. 

KINGSTON,  P.  F!,  in  town  of  Kingston,  Marquette  county,  being 
on  section  13,  in  town  14  !N.,  of  range  11,  14  miles  from 
Montello. 

KINGSTON,  Town,  in  county  of  Marquette.  It  has  5  school  dis 
tricts. 

KINNIKINNICK,  Town,  in  county  of  St.  Croix,  being  towns  27  and 
28  N.,  of  south  half  of  town  17 ;  southeast  from  Willow 
river.  It  has  1  school  district. 

KINNIKINNICK,  River,  rises  in  the  centre  of  St.  Croix  county,  and 
runs  southwest,  entering  St.  Croix  river  about  six  miles  from 
its  mouth. 

KINO,  Lake,  a  crescent  shaped  lake,  in  Eed  Cedar  river,  below 
Lake  Mukwa. 

KINONJE,  Lake,  on  outlet  of  Lake  Meminis,  on  the  head  waters  of 
St.  Croix. 

KNAPP'S,  Creek,  rises  in  town  11,  meridian,  and  running  south, 
near  the  line  between  Kichland  and  Crawford  counties,  falls 
into  the  Wisconsin  river. 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER.  121 

KNAPP  &  BLACK'S  Mills,  on  Red  Cedar  river,  in  Chippewa 
county. 

KOSHKONONG,  Town,  in  county  of  Jefferson,  being  town  5  ~N.,  of 
range  13  and  14  E. ;  centrally  located,  10  miles  southwest 
from  Jefferson.  The  population  in  1850  was  1,512.  It  has 
9  school  districts. 

KOSHKONONG,  Lake,  is  an  enlargement  of  Rock  river,  in  southwest 
corner  of  Jefferson  county.  It  is  about  8  miles  long,  and 
nearly  three  miles  wide. 

KOSHKONOXG,  Prairie,  is  in  south  part  of  Deerfield,  Dane  county. 

KOSSUTH,  Town,  in  county  of  Fond  du  Lac,  being  town  16  !N".,  of 
range  19  E. ;  centrally  located,  10  miles  northeast  from  Fond 
du  Lac  city.  It  forms  a  part  of  the  old  town  of  Calumet. 

KOSSUTH,  P.  0.,  in  the  county  of  Racine. 
KOSSUTH,  Town,  in  county  of  Winnebago. 

LA  BELLE,  Lake,  is  the  largest  and  lowermost  lake  of  the  Ocono- 
mowoc  creek,  on  the  east  bank  of  which,  is  the  village  of 
Oconomowoc.  It  is  nearly  3  miles  long,  and  a  mile  and  a 
half  wide.  It  has  a  beautiful  island  near  its  centre. 

LABICHE,  Lake,  in  the  eastern  part  of  Chippewa  county,  discharges 
its  waters  through  a  river  of  the  same  name  into  the  Mani- 
dowish. 

LABICHE,  River,  rises  in  Flambeau-dore  lake  and  Labichelake,  and 
running  southwest  discharges  its  waters  through  Manidowish 
river,  into  the  Chippewa. 

LABRAUGH,  Lake,  (Oconomowoc  Group),  see  Beaver  lake. 

LAC  BRULE,  is  the  source  of  the  "Wiscatota  or  Brule  river  of  the 
Menominee. 

LA  CROSSE,  County,  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Chippewa,  on 
the  east  by  Portage,  Adams,  and  a  portion  of  Sank,  and  on 
the  west  by  the  Mississippi,  by  which  it  is  eeparated  from 
the  territory  of  Minnesota.  This  county  was  set  off  from 


122  WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER. 

Crawford,  and  organized  March  1,  1851,  the  seat  of  justice 
being  established  at  La  Crosse,  on  a  beautiful  prairie  of  the 
same  name,  on  the  eastern  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  90  miles 
above  the  junction  of  the  Wisconsin,  and  on  the  line  between 
townships  15  and  16  north.  It  is  watered  by  Black  and  La 
Crosse  rivers,  and  Mormon,  Eagle  and  Billings'  creeks,  and 
the  headwaters  of  the  Lemon wier.  Many  of  the  streams  are 
of  pure  water,  with  abundance  of  hydraulic  power,  abound 
ing  with  speckled  trout.  The  soil  may  be  considered  as  first 
rate,  and  is  mostly  of  vegetable  mould,  mixed  with  a  sufficient 
quantity  of  sand  to  give  it  warmth.  In  the  northeastern 
portion  of  the  county  is  a  heavy  growth  of  pine  timber,  which 
is  manufactured  into  lumber  and  shingles,  the  export  of 
which  amounts  to  $175,000  per  annum.  Near  the  head  of 
some  of  the  large  streams  are  cranberry  marshes,  yielding  in 
good  seasons  several  hundred  bushels  per  acre.  The  popula 
tion  in  1850,  all  of  which  was  confined  to  Black  river,  was 
460.  In  1851,  about  46,000  acres  of  school  lands,  known  as 
a  part  of  the  500,000  acre  grant,  was  brought  into  market 
upon  very  reasonable  terms,  and  many  of  the  enterprizing 
and  industrious  inhabitants  of  the  older  counties  have  changed 
their  residence  to  one  in  this.  The  increase  of  population  has 
probably  been  greater  during  the  last  two  years  than  in  any 
other  locality  in  the  State.  This  county  is  connected  with  the 
nineteenth  senate  district,  and  forms  a  portion  of  the  sixth 
judicial  circuit,  and  of  the  second  congressional  district,  and, 
with  Chippewa,  sends  one  member  to  the  assembly.  County 
Officers  for  1853  :  County  Judge,  George  Gale  ;  Sheriff,  A. 
Eldred;  Clerk  of  Court,  Eobert  Looney ;  District  Attorney, 
Edward  Flint;  Eegister,  Chase  A.  Stevens;  Treasurer,  F.  M. 
Rublee ;  Surveyor,  William  Hood. 

LA  CROSSE,  P.  V.  and  C.  H.,  in  town  and  county  of  same  name, 

on  section  31,  town  16  1ST.,  of  range  7  W.,  130  miles  northwest 

^from  Madison.    It  is  situated  on  a  prairie  5  miles  long  and  3 

wide,  on  the  Mississippi  river,  immediately  below  the  mouth 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  123 

of  the  Black  and  La  Crosse  rivers,  and  about  equidistant 
between  Galena  and  St.  Paul.  The  prairie  is  high  enough 
from  the  river  to  be  free  from  all  danger  of  innundation,  and 
as  a  site  for  a  village  or  city,  is  unsurpassed  by  beauty  and 
natural  advantages  by  any  spot  on  the  river.  The  first  claim 
was  made  by  H.  J.  B.  Miller  and  Nathan  Myrick,  who  took 
up  their  residence  in  1842.  The  Government  survey  was  not 
made  until  1847 ;  John  M.  Levy  opened  a  store  in  1846,  and 
the  next  year  erected  the  first  hotel.  Nothing  was  done  to 
wards  laying  out  the  town  until  after  the  advent  of  Timothy 
Burns,  now  Lieutenant  Governor  of  the  State,  to  whom  it  is 
largely  indebted  for  its  present  progress.  A  post  office  was 
established  in  1844.  The  plat  was  surveyed  in  May  1851.  In 
the  second  year  of  its  organization,  the  town  paid  into  the 
State  treasury  over  §900.  The  population  in  March,  1853, 
in  the  village,  was  543.  It  contains  4  stores  of  general  as 
sortment,  1  drug,  1  hardware,  1  furniture,  1  stove  and  tin,  3 
groceries,  1  bakery,  1  livery  stable,  1  harness,  4  tailor,  3 
shoemaker  shops,  and  mechanics  of  every  description ;  6 
physicians,  6  lawyers,  4  clergymen,  3  religious  societies,  a 
division  of  the  Sons  of  Temperance,  a  Free  Masons'  lodge,  1 
church  edifice,  court  house,  steam  saw  mill  and  grist  mill, 
and  5  hotels.  La  Crosse,  from  the  advantages  of  its  position, 
cannot  fail  to  become  one  of  the  largest  and  most  important 
places  in  the  Northwest.  The  large  extent  of  excellent  farm 
ing  land  in  the  river  vallies,  and  the  extensive  pine  country 
bordering  on  the  Black  river,  will  always  furnish  a  large 
amount  of  business  which  will  concentrate  at  this  point,  in 
addition  to  which,  it  is  the  natural  depot  through  which  the 
immense  business  of  the  Upper  Mississippi  must  naturally 
pass.  It  has  been  selected  as  the  terminus  of  a  rail  road  from 
Milwaukee,  and  the  route  selected  is  the  most  feasible  one 
from  Lake  Michigan  to  the  Mississippi,  north  of  Dubuque. 
Minnesota  already  contains  a  population  of  many  thousands, 
and  is  settling  rapidly.  The  large  tract  of  lands  recently 


124:  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

acquired  by  treaty  from  the  Sioux  Indians,  is  situated  directly 
opposite  La  Crosse,  on  the  Minnesota  side  of  the  river,  and 
possesses  advantages  for  emigrants  unsurpassed  by  any  sec 
tion  of  the  country  now  open  for  settlement. 

LA  CROSSE,  Town,  in  county  of  La  Crosse,  was,  until  recently,  all 
of  said  county,  south  of  town  17.  It  has  15  school  districts. 

LA  CROSSE,  River,  (Mazwini  or  Ball  river,)  rises  in  the  eastern  part 
of  county  of  the  same  name,  and  running  southwest,  empties 
into  the  Mississippi  at  the  village  of  La  Crosse,  on  the  beau 
tiful  prairie  of  the  same  name. 

LAC  "ViEux  DESERT,  (Kattaluttekon),  is  the  name  of  a  lake,  the  mid- 
•  die  of  which  is  the  boundary  line  between  this  State  and  Mi 
chigan,  between  the  northern  corner  of  Marathon  and  Oconto 
counties.  It  is  the  source  of  the  Wisconsin,  and  occupies  a 
high  level  above  the  lakes.  Upon  this  elevation  are  the  sources 
of  several  large  streams,  the  Ontonagon  and  Montreal  of  Lake 
Superior,  the  Menominee  of  Lake  Michigan,  and  the  Wiscon 
sin  and  Chippewa  of  the  Mississippi.  This  lake  is  about  4: 
miles  long  from  north  to  south,  and  of  very  irregular  shape. 
In  the  middle  of  it  is  an  island  which  is  made  a  point  in  the 
boundary  between  Michigan  and  Wisconsin. 

LAFAYETTE,  County,  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Iowa,  on  the  east 
by  Green,  on  the  south  by  the  State  line,  and  west  by  Grant, 
and  is  21  miles  north  and  south,  by  30  miles  east  and  west. 
The  country  embracing  the  present  county  was  set  off  by  a 
division  of  Iowa  county,  and  the  formation  of  the  counties  of 
Lafayette  and  Montgomery,  January  31.  1846,  subject  to  the 
approval  of  the  voters  of  said  county,  at  the  general  election 
in  September  of  the  same  year,  at  which  election  a  majority 
voted  against  the  "  County  Division  Law."  At  the  next  ses 
sion  of  the  legislature,  an  act  passed  establishing  the  county 
of  Lafayette,  and  it  was  organized  February  4,  1S47.  The 
county  seat  has  been  a  vexed  question  since  the  organization, 
but  it  has  finally  become  established  at  the  village  of  Shulls- 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  125 

burg,  a  few  miles  southwest  of  the  geographical  centre.  This 
county  is  more  celebrated  for  its  mining  operations  than  for 
its  agricultural  products  ;  simply,  however,  because  the  for 
mer  has  been  prosecuted  to  the  neglect  of  the  latter.  It  is  in 
connexion  with  the  fifth  judicial  circuit,  and  the  second  con 
gressional  district,  and  forms  the  thirteenth  senate  district, 
and  sends  3  members  to  the  assembly,  viz :  1.  Towns  of 
White  Oak  Springs,  Benton  and  New  Diggings.  2.  Towns 
of  Shullsburg,  Monticello,  Gratiot,  Wayne  and  Wyota.  3. 
Elk  Grove,  Belmont,  Kendall,  Center,  Willow  Springs, 
Fayette  and  Argyle.  The  Peckatonnica  and  Fevre  rivers  are 
the  principal  streams.  The  population  in  1847  was  9,335; 
1850,  11,556.  Dwellings,  2,079  ;  farms,  399;  manufactories, 
21.  County  Officers  for  1853  and  1854:  County  Judge,  Jas. 
II.  Knowlton  ;  Sheriff,  Peter  C.  Meloy  ;  Clerk  of  Court,  D. 
W.  Kyle ;  District  Attorney,  Hamilton  H.  Gray ;  Kegister, 
Elias  Slothower ;  Clerk  of  Board  of  Supervisors,  Thomas 
McMannus ;  Treasurer,  Ephraim  Ogden  ;  Surveyor,  Thomas 
Bowen. 

LAFAYETTE,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Walworth  county,  being 
in  town  3  K.,  of  range  17  E. 

LAFAYETTE,  Town,  in  county  of  Walworth,  being  town  3,  of  range 
17;  centrally  located,  5  miles  northeast  from  Elkhorn.  The- 
population  in  1850  was  1,008.  It  has  9  school  districts. 

LAGEANGE,  P.  T7!,  in  town  of  same  name,  Walworth  county. 

LAGRANGE,  Toivn,  in  county  of  Walworth,  being  town  4  N.,  of 
range  16  E. ;  centrally  located,  8  miles  northwest  from  Elk- 
horn.  The  population  in  1850  was  961.  It  has  9  school  dis 
tricts. 

LAKE,  Town,  in  county  of  Milwaukee,  being  town  6  N.,  of  range 
22  E. ;  centrally  located,  4  miles  south  from  Milwaukee. 
Population  in  1850  was  1,474.  It  has  8  school  districts. 

LAKE  ELLEN,  is  adjoining  the  village  of  Cascade,  Sheboygan 
county.  It  abounds  in  fish,  and  covers  an  area  of  320  acres, 


126  WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER. 

LAKE  EMILY,  in  the  northeast  part  of  town  of  Fox  Lake,  Dodge 
county. 

LAKE  HUEON,  is  a  small  lake  near  the  centre  of  town  20  N.,  of 
range  9  E.,  in  Washington  county.  It  covers  about  200 
acres. 

LAKE  KATTAKITTEKON,  see  Lac  Yieux  desert. 

LAKE  MARIA,  a  small  lake  in  southwest  corner  of  Mackford,  Mar- 
quette  county,  and  has  its  outlet  into  Grand  river. 

LAKE  MAKIA,  P.  V.,  on  section  25,  town  14  K.,  of  range  12,  Mar 
quette  county,  20  miles  south  from  Dartford,  65  miles  east  of 
north  from  Madison,  on  the  road  from  Watertown  to  the 
Pinery,  4  from  Granville,  5  from  Mackford,  8  from  Kingston, 
and  10  from  Marquette.  Population  60;  10  dwellings,  with 
Methodist,  Baptist,  and  Presbyterian  denominations. 

LAKE  MASON,  in  the  southwest  corner  of  Marquette  county,  dis 
charges  its  waters  into  the  Neenah  river. 

LAKE  MILLS,  Town,  in  county  of  Jefferson,  being  town  7  N".,  of 
range  13  E. ;  centrally  located,  8  miles  northwest  from  Jeffer 
son.  Population  in  1850  was  884.  It  has  7  school  districts. 

LAKE  MILLS,  P.  V.,  on  section  13,  in  town  of  same  name,  Jefferson 
county,  8  miles  northwest  from  Jefferson,  26  miles  east  from 
Madison,  at  the  outlet  of  Rock  lake,  on  the  mail  route  from 
Madison  to  Watertown.  Population  400  ;  with  50  dwellings, 
3  stores,  1  hotel,  1  church  and  several  religious  denominations, 
1  iron  foundry,  1  grist  mill,  1  saleratus  factory,  2  cabinet  and 
3  blacksmith  shops. 

LAKE  NINE,  in  north  part  of  Richmond,  Walworth  county. 

LAKE  OF  THE  HILLOCKS,  in  Marathon  county,  near  the  45°  north 
latitude,  discharging  its  waters  easterly  into  the  Wisconsin, 
about  half  way  between  Big  and  Little  Bull  Falls. 

LAKE  OF  THE  HILLS,  located  in  town  11  K,  of  range  8  E.  It  is 
nearly  two  miles  long,  and  three-fourths  of  a  mile  in  width. 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER.  127 

LAKE  SARAH,  forms  the  head  waters  of  the  Neenah,  in  the  north 
east  corner  of  Columbia  county. 

LAKE  VIEW,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  Fitchburg,  Bane  county,  on  section 
13,  town  6  K,  of  range  9  E. 

LAKE  VIEUX  DESERT,  or  Kattakittekon  Lake,  see  Lac  Tieux  Desert. 
LAKE  WAUCOUSTA,  two  small  lakes  in  Osceola,    Fond   du  Lao 
county. 

LAKE  WINGRA,  or  Dead  Lake,  mostly  on  section  27,  in  Madison, 
Dane  county,  a  mile  long,  and  three-quarters  of  a  mile 
wide. 

LAMARTINE,  Town,  in  county  of  Fond  du  Lac,  being  town  15  N., 
of  range  16  E. ;  centrally  located,  8  miles  west  from  Fond  du 
Lac.  Population  in  1850  was  588.  It  has  9  school  districts. 

LAMARTINE,  P.  T7",,  Fond  du  Lac  county,  on  section  34  of  town  of 
same  name.  It  has  2  stores,  1  hotel,  and  a  Baptist  church. 
It  is  7  miles  southwest  from  Fond  du  Lac  city,  and  67  Dailes; 
northeast  from  Madison. 

LANCASTER,  Town,  in  county  of  Grant,  being  towns  4  and  5  "N*9  of 
range  3  W.,  and  is  the  county  seat.  It  has  9  school  districts^ 
There  is  1  grist  mill  and  2  saw  mills  in  the  town,  from  three; 
to  four  miles  from  the  village ;  some  of  the  most  productive 
lead  mines  are  in  this  town.  There  are  large  quantities  of 
land  yet  unentered  in  the  town,  and  the  great  fertility  of  the 
soil,  convenience  of  building  materials  and  fuel,  of  springs 
and  brooks,  offer  inducement  to  settlers.  Population  about 
1,500. 

LANCASTER,  P.  V.  and  0.  H.,  in  town  of  same  name,  on  section  3, 
town  4,  near  the  geographical  centre  of  the  county,  upon  the 
edge  of  Boyce  prairie,  and  in  the  most  beautiful  and  healthy 
portion  of  the  mining  region.  The  business  and  trade  of  the 
township,  as  also  of  the  town  of  Fennimore,  are  concentrated 
at  the  village.  Population  400  ;  75  dwellings,  1  drug,  4  dry 
goods  and  grocery,  1  tin  and  sheet  iron,  and  1  stove  stores,  1 


128  WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER. 

waggon,  3  smith,  and  2  cabinet  shops,  4  hotels,  1  Baptist 
church  of  brick,  1  Methodist  and  1  Presbyterian  church  of 
wood,  and  an  Episcopal  church  in  progress  of  erection.  Court 
house  of  brick,  40  by  56,  with  fire-proof  offices  for  county  pur 
poses. 

LANSING,  P.  "F.,  in  town  of  Freedom,  Outagamie  county. 

LANSING,  Town^  in  county  of  Outagamie,  being  towns  22  and  23 
N.,  of  range  17  ;  centrally  located,  10  miles  north  from  Grand 
Chute.  It  has  1  school  district. 

LA  POINTE,  County,  is  bounded  on  the  north wrest  and  north  by  the 
State  line,  in  Lake  Superior,  on  the  east  by  Marathon,  on  the 
the  south  by  Chippewa  and  St.  Croix,  and  west  by  Minnesota. 
It  was  set  off  from  St.  Croix  Feb.  19, 1845.  It  was,  and  remained 
attached  to  Crawford  for  judicial  purposes,  until  the  complete 
organization  of  St.  Croix,  Feb.  26, 1849.  The  boundaries  were 
changed  6th  March  1849,  and  it  was  fully  organized  9th  Feb. 
1850.  The  county  seat  is  established  at  La  Pointe,  on  the 
southeast  end  of  Madeline  Island,  in  Lake  Superior,  the  oldest 
settlement  in  the  State.  The  county  is  watered  by  Bois  Brule, 
(Burnt  Wood,)  Mauvais,  (Bad,)  or  Maskau  rivers,  and  other 
small  streams  entering  the  lake  from  three  to  ten  miles  apart, 
and  by  lakes.  The  country,  for  a  short  distance  along  the 
margin  of  the  lake,  is  low  and  wret;  further  south  it  is  gene 
rally  rolling.  The  western  portion  of  the  country  is  prairie 
land ;  and  the  soil  being  good  and  winters  mild,  offers  great 
inducements  to  agriculturists.  In  the  more  eastern  parts,  the 
timber  in  most  places  is  very  thick,  comprising  white  and 
yellow  Norway  pine,  and  the  different  species  of  oak,  maple, 
birch,  and  the  soft  woods.  The  county  is  in  connexion  with 
the  nineteenth  senate  district,  the  sixth  judicial  circuit,  and 
the  second  congressional  district,  and  with  St.  Croix  sends  one 
member  to  the  assembly.  French  missionaries  visited  this 
country  as  early  as  1661.  In  1850  the  population  was  489; 
5  farms  and  74  dwellings.  K.  D.  Boyd  is  Register  of  Deeds, 
and  Clerk  of  the  Circuit  Court  and  of  the  Board  of  Supervisors. 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER.  120 

LA  POINTE,  P.  V.  and  C.  H.,  is  situate  on  Madeline  Island,  in  Lake 
Superior,  La  Pointe  county,  at  about  town  50  N".,  of  range  4 
W.  It  has  a  bay  nearly  three  miles  across,  capable  of  con 
taining  at  anchor,  secure  from  all  winds,  a  numerous  fleet  of 
the  largest  class  vessels,  and  is  the  favorite  harbor  of  the  lake. 
La  Pointe  was  originally  settled  by  the  North  Western  Fur 
Company  as  the  most  eligible  point  for  a  depot  and  trading 
port  on  the  lake.  As  a  site  for  a  town,  and  as  a  resort  for 
health  and  pleasure,  La  Pointe  offers  advantages  equal  to  any 
other  place  in  Wisconsin.  It  has  the  best  fishing-grounds  on 
the  whole  lake  for  trout,  siscowet  and  white  fish,  or  lake 
shad,  more  than  one  thousand  barrels  of  which  are  packed 
annually  at  La  Pointe.  Tempered,  as  well  in  summer  as 
in  winter,  by  the  vast  expanse  of  water  which  surrounds  it, 
and  which,  except  at  the  immediate  surface,  is  almost  always 
at  400  Farnheit,  its  climate  is  milder  and  more  equable  than 
any  part  of  Wisconsin,  whether  it  be  on  the  mainland  of  Lake 
Superior,  or  further  south  on  the  Mississippi.  Chiefly  for  this 
reason,  but  also  on  account  of  the  bracing  winds  that  sweep 
across  the  lake,  Madeline  Island  is  probably  not  surpassed,  in 
point  of  health,  by  any  locality  throughout  the  entire  western 
country.* 

LA  POINTE,  Town,  in  county  of  La  Pointe,  comprising  the  same. 
Population  in  1850  was  598. 

LA  PRAIRIE,  Town,  in  county  of  Rock,  being  town  2  is",  of  range 
13  E. ;  centrally  located,  6  miles  southeast  from  Janesville. 
The  population  in  1850  was  378.  It  has  6  school  districts. 

LAWRENCE,  is  the  name  of  a  town  in  the  county  of  Brown. 

LEACH  Creek,  a  small  tributary  from  the  west  of  Baraboo  river, 
which  it  enters  near  its  mouth. 

L'EAU  CLAIRE,  Lake  and  Mills,  on  river  of  same  name,  in  town 
26  N".,  of  range  13  W.,  in  Chippewa  county,  also  called 
Clearwater  and  O'Claire. 

*  See  Owen's  Geological  Surrey  of  Wisconsin. 


130  WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER. 

L'EATi  GALLA,  River,  in  St.  Croix  county,  runs  southeast,  and 
empties  into  Chippewa  river,  in  Chippewa  county. 

L'EAU  GLARE,  or  O'CLARE  River,  in  Chippewa  county,  a  branch 
of  Chippewa  river  from  the  west,  in  town  27  !N"..  of  range 
9  W. 

LEBANON,  Town,  in  county  of  Dodge,  being  town  9,  of  range  16 
W. ;  centrally  located,  12  miles  southeast  from  Juneau.  The 
population  in  1850  was  1,031.  It  has  7  school  districts. 

LELAND'S  MILL,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  Honey  Creek,  Sauk  county. 

LEMONWIER,  Town,  in  county  of  Sauk ;  centrally  located,  north 
west  from  Baraboo.  It  has  3  school  districts. 

LEMONWIER,  River,  rises  in  La  Crosse  county,  and  runs  southeast 
through  Adams,  emptying  into  the  Wisconsin  in  town  15  N., 
range  5  E. 

LEON,  is  the  name  of  a  new  town  in  county  of  La  Crosse. 

LEROY,  Town,  in  county  of  Dodge,  being  town  13  !N".,  of  range 
16  E. ;  centrally  located,  12  miles  northeast  from  Juneau.  The 
population  in  1850  was  397.  It  has  4  school  districts. 

LEROYS,  Town,  in  county  of  St.  Croix. 

LEWISTON,  Town,  in  county  of  Columbia.  It  was  set  off  by  the 
County  Board  in  November  1852. 

LEWISTON,  V.,  (BEAVER  CREEK  P.  O.)  in  Columbia  county,  on  sec 
tion  21,  town  13  IN".,  of  range  8  E.  It  is  45  miles  northwest 
from  Madison,  and  7  miles  northwest  from  Fort  Winnebago. 
Population  350 ;  50  dwellings,  1  hotel,  5  stores,  1  Lutheran 
congregation.  It  is  situated  on  the  road  from  Portage  city  to 
Stevens'  Point,  in  a  good  farming  country,  and  well  supplied 
with  water  and  timber. 

LETDEN,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  Janesville,  Rock  county. 

LIBERTY,  (recently  the  north  half  of  Highland),  Town,  in  county 
of  Grant,  being  town  5  !N\,  of  range  2  W. ;  centrally  located, 
8  miles  northeast  from  Lancaster. 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER.  131 

LIBERTY,  P.  K,  on  section  25,  Kenosha  county,  in  town  of  Salem, 
16  miles  southwest  from  Kenosha,  and  110  southeast  from 
Madison,  on  the  Racine  and  Wilmot  plank  road.  It  has  60 
inhabitants,  10  dwellings,  2  hotels,  2  religious  denominations, 
and  several  mechanics. 

LIBERTY  Prairie,  Dane  county,  2  miles  south  from  Deerfield 
P.O. 

LIMA,  Town,  in  county  of  Sheboygan,  being  town  14  N.,  of  range 
22  E. ;  centrally  located,  6  miles  southwest  from  Sheboygan. 
It  has  9  school  districts.  The  soil  is  composed  of  sand  and 
clay,  and  when  properly  tilled  is  very  productive. 

LIMA,  Town,  in  county  of  Grant,  being  town  4  N»,  of  range  1  "W.  ^ 
centrally  located,  12  miles  east  from  Lancaster.  It  has  8. 
school  districts. 

LIMA,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Rock  county,  on  town  4  IS".,, 
of  range  14  E. 

LIMA,  Town,  in  county  of  Rock,  being  town  4  IS".,  of  range  14  E.  ^ 
centrally  located,  13  miles  northeast  from  Janesville.  Popu 
lation  in  1850  was  839.  It  has  9  school  districts. 

LIND,  Town,  in  county  of  Waupacca,  being  town  21  N.,  of  range 
12  E. ;  centrally  located,  15  miles  from  Mukwa.  It  abounds, 
in  prairie,  timber  and  water,  and  is  fast  being  settled  by  an 
agricultural  population. 

LIND,  P.  V.,  in  county  of  Waupacca,  town  of  same  name,  on  sec 
tion  22,  town  21  N.,  of  range  12  E..,  15  miles  from  Mukwa,. 
and  100  miles  north  from  Madison.  Population  500 ;  100 
dwellings. 

LINDEN,  Town,  in  county  of  Iowa. 

LINDEN,  P.  T7".,  in  town  of  same  name,  Iowa  county,  6  miles  from 
Mineral  Point.  It  contains  200  inhabitants,  mostly  miners. 
The  country  is  well  adapted  to  agriculture. 


132  WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER. 

LINN,  Town,  in  county  of  Walworth,  being  town  IK,  of  range 
17  E. ;  centrally  located,  8  miles  southeast  from  Elkhorn. 
Population  in  1850  was  805.  It  lias  7  school  districts. 

LISBON,  Town,  in  county  of  Waukesha,  being  town  8  K.,  of  range 
19  E. ;  centrally  located,  10  miles  north  from  Waukesha. 
The  population  in  1850  was  1,010.  It  has  8  school  districts. 

LITTLE  BARABOO,  Creek,  rises  in  Richland,  and  runs  southeast 
into  the  Baraboo  river,  near  the  centre  of  town  13  1ST.,  of 
range  3  E. 

LITTLE  BUTTE  DES  MORTS,  Lake,  an  expansion  of  the  Lower  Fox 
just  below  the  outlet  of  Lake  "Winnebago,  it  is  nearly  5  miles 
long,  and  1  mile  broad. 

LITTLLE  CHUTE,  P.  V.,  Outagamie  county,  5  miles  below  Apple- 
ton,  on  Fox  river. 

LITTLE  CHUTE,  Rapids,  of  the  Neenah  river,  4:  miles  above  Grand 
Kaukalin,  with  a  fall  of  31  feet  in  a  distance  of  about  9,000 
feet. 

LITTLE  ENINAXDIGO,  River,  a  tributary  from  the  north  of  St.  Croix 
river. 

LITTLE  GREEN,  Lake,  Marquette  county,  in  southwest  corner  of 
Green  Lake.  It  is  two  miles  long  and  nearly  one  in  width, 
and  forms  a  tributary  to  Grand  River.  It  is  4  miles  south  of 
Green  Lake,  and  is  noted  for  the  purity  of  its  water. 

LITTLE  KAUKAULIN,  Rapids,  is  on  the  Keen  ah  river,  5  miles  above 
Depere,  at  which  place  the  navigation  has  been  improved  by 
a  dam. 

LITTLE  OTTER,  Creek,  a  small  tributary  from  the  west  of  Pecka- 
tonnica,  into  which  it  empties  in  the  town  of  Centre,  Lafay 
ette  county. 

LITTLE  PRAIRIE,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  Troy,  Walworth  county. 

LITTLE  PLATTE,  River,  rises  in  Clifton,  Grant  county,  and  runs 
southwest,  emptying  into  Platte  river,  in  Paris. 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER.  133 

LITTLE  PLOVER,  River,  a  tributary  from  the  northeast,  entering  the 

Wisconsin  at  Plover. 

LITTLE  QUIXNESEC,  Falls,  of  the  Men  online  e  river,  at  which  place 
is  a  fall  of  35  feet  in  an  extent  of  250  feet.  At  these  Falls 
the  river  is  contracted  to  85  feet  in  width. 

LITTLE  ROCHE- A-Guis,  River,  in  east  part  of  Adams  county,  runs 
west  into  the  Wisconsin,  in  town  17  N. 

LITTLE,  River,  is  a  considerable  tributary  from  the  north  of  Oconto 
river. 

LITTLE  STURGEON,    Bay,  on   east   shore  of  Green  Bay,   in  Door 

county,  near  line  between  towns  27  and  28  N. 

LITTLE  SUAMICO,  River,  rises  in  range  18,  and  runs  east,  in  town 

26,  entering  Lake  Michigan. 
LITTLE   SUGAR,    Creek,  rises  in   the   northwest   corner   of  Green 

county,  and  running  southeast  into  Sugar  River  at  Albany. 
LITTLE  TAIL,  Pointe,  name  given  to  a  point  of  land  extending  into 

Green  Bay  from  the  west,  near  the  line  between  Brown  and 

Oconto  counties. 

LITTLE  WISCONSIN,  River,  a  tributary  from  the  northeast  of  the 
Wisconsin,  in  Marathon  county. 

LITTLE  WOLF,  River,  a  tributary  of  Wolf  river,  from  the  -west, 
which  it  enters  near  the  line  bet  ween  Outagamie  and  Wau- 
pacca  counties. 

LODI,  Town,  in  county  of  Columbia,  being  town  10  ~N.,  of  ranges 
8  and  9;  centrally  located,  12  miles  south  from  Portage  city. 
It  has  3  school  districts.  The  soil  is  well  adapted  to  farming 
and  raiding  of  stock  ;  the  surface  is  rolling. 

LODI,  P.  V..  on  section  27,  town  10  !N".,  of  range  8  E.,  in  town  of 
same  name,  Columbia  county.  It  is  16  miles  south  from  Fort 
Winnebago,  20  miles  northwest  from  Madison,  and  4  miles 
frnm  the  head  of  Spring  Creek.  Population  150  ;  20  dwellings, 
4  stores,  2  hotels,  2  flouring  mills,  1  saw  mill,  1  shoe, 'black 
smith,  waggon,  chair,  cooper  and  harness  shops ;  and  Presby 
terian,  Baptist,  and  Methodist  organization's. 
10 


134  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

LOMIRA  LAKE,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  Lomira,  Dodge  county,  being 
town  13  IN".,  of  range  17  E. 

LONG,  Lake,  a  small  Lake  in  the  east  part  of  Osceola,  Fond  du 
Lac  county,  is  two  and  one-half  miles  long,  and  is  the  source 
of  the  Milwaukee  river. 

LONG  TAIL,  Pointe,  name  given  to  a  point  of  land  extending  into 
Green  Bay  from  the  west,  in  town  25  N".,  of  range  20  E.,  in 
Brown  county. 

LOST,  Lake,  a  small  lake  in  the  north  part  of  Calamus,  Dodge 
county. 

LOUISA,  Town,  in  the  county  of  Dodge,  being  town  13  X.,  of 
range  17 ;  centrally  located,  14  miles  northeast  from  Juneau, 
The  population  in  1850  was  653.  It  has  8  school  districts. 

LOWELL,  Town,  in  county  of  Dodge,  being  town  10  ~N.,  of  range 
14  E.  ;  centrally  located,  12  miles  southwest  from  Juneau, 
The  population  in  1850  was  835.  It  has  8  school  districts. 

LOWELL,  P.  V.,  Dodge  county,  on  section  15  of  town  of  same 
name,  located  8  miles  southwest  from  Juneau,  and  38  miles 
northeast  from  Madison.  It  is  on  Beaver  Dam  river,  10  miles 
south  from  Beaver  Dam.  Population  200  ;  35  dwellings,  2 
stores,  2  hotels,  1  saw,  1  grist  mill;  and  Baptist  and  Methodist 
denominations. 

LOWVILLE,  Town,  in  county  of  Columbia,  being  town  11  JS".,  of 
range  10  E.  Population  in  1850  was  297.  It  has  4  school 
districts. 

LOWVILLE,  P.  V.,  on  section  32  of  town  of  same  name,  14  miles 
south  east  from  Portage  city,  and  22  miles  north  from  Madi 
son,  on  the  stage  route  from  Madison  to  Fort  Winnebago; 
also  on  the  nearest  and  best  road  from  Madison  to  Stevens' 
Point  and  the  Wisconsin  Pinery.  It  is  in  a  region  of  first 
rate  improved  farms.  Population  40  ;  7  dwellings,  1  hotel, 
1  school  house;  and  Baptist,  Methodist,  and  Presbyterian 
congregations. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEEK.  135 

LYNDON,  Town^  in  county  of  Sheboygan,  being  town  14  N.,  of 
range  21  E. ;  centrally  located,  14  miles  southwest  from  She- 
boygan.  It  has  11  school  districts. 

LYONS,  P.  V.,  on  section  10,  town  2  K.,  of  range  18  E.,  in  town  of 
Hudson,  Walworth  county,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  White 
river,  the  outlet  of  Geneva  Lake,  at  the  point  where  it  is 
crossed  by  the  main  road  from  Geneva  to  Racine  via  Bur 
lington.  It  is  9  miles  southeast  from  Elkhorn,  and  75  miles 
from  Madison.  Immediately  adjacent  to  the  village,  above 
and  below,  are  extensive  water  powers,  one  of  which  has 
been  improved  by  the  erection  of  a  flouring  mill  of  three  run 
of  stones,  and  a  saw  mill,  both  doing  a  flourishing  business. 
The  other  power  remains  unimproved,  and  offers  great  in 
ducements,  as  it  is  unsurpassed  in  capacity  by  any  privilege 
in  this  part  of  the  State.  Population  130 ;  dwellings  30, 
2  stores,  1  hotel,  and  1  religious  denomination. 

MACKFORD,  Town,  in  county  of  Marquette.  It  has  8  school  districts. 
MADISON,  Town,  in  county  of  Dane,  being  town  7  X.,  of  range  9  E. 
The  population  in  1850  was  1,871.    It  has  4  school  districts. 

MADISON,  Village,  the  capital  of  Wisconsin,  and  seat  of  justice  of 
the  county  of  Dane,  is  situated  on  sections  13,  14,  23  and  24, 
in  town  of  same  name,  at  the  geographical  centre  of  the 
county,  and  midway  between  Lake  Michigan  and  the  Missis 
sippi  river,  being  about  80  miles  from  each.  It  is  widely 
noted  for  the  beauty,  health  and  pleasantness  of  its  location, 
which  is  on  an  isthmus  about  one  mile  in  width,  lying  be 
tween  the  Third  and  Fourth  Lakes.  The  surface  is  somewhat 
uneven,  but  in  no  place  too  abrupt  for  building  purposes. 
From  either  lake  it  rises  to  an  altitude  of  about  fift/  feet, 
and  is  then  depressed  and  elevated  alternately,  making  the 
site  of  the  village  a  series  of  gently  undulating  swells.  The 
State  house,  a  substantial  edifice  of  lime-stone,  is  built,  at 
the  corners  of  the  sections,  in  the  centre  of  a  square  park, 
containing  fourteen  acres,  covered  with  a  luxuriant  growth  of 


136  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

native  oaks,  and  upon  the  highest  point  between  the  lakes, 
overlooking  each  and  the  surrounding  village.  It  has  a 
large  hall  through  the  centre,  and  conta'ns  all  of  the  State 
offices — the  state  library,  the  legislative  chambers,  and  seve 
ral  committee  rooms.  The  corners  of  the  Capitol  square  are 
to  the  cardinal  points  of  the  compass,  and  from  each  of  them 
a  street  extends,  terminating,  excepting  the  western,  in  the 
water.  The  streets  are  all  straight,  sixty-six  feet  wide,  and, 
with  the  exception  of  those  just  described,  are  parallel  to  the 
sides  of  the  Capitol  square,  and,  consequently,  diagonal  with 
the  meridian.  From  the  centre  of  each  side  of  the  park,  and 
at  right  angles  with  it  and  the  principal  streets,  broad  aven 
ues,  eight  rods  wide,  extend  completely  across  the  town  plat. 
At  the  termination  of  the  street  leading  from  the  western 
corner  of  the  park,  and  one  mile  directly  west  from  the  Capi 
tol,  on  College  Hill,  near  the  shore  of  Fourth  Lake,  and  in 
the  middle  of  a  park  of  fifty-five  acres,  commanding  an  ex 
tensive  view  of  the  town,  lakes,  and  surrounding  country,  the 
buildings  of  the  University  of  Wisconsin  are  located.  Near 
the  southern  corner  of  the  Capitol  square,  the  Court  House  of 
Dane  county,  a  large  structure  of  lime-stone,  containing  com 
modious  rooms  for  courts  and  county  officers,  is  built.  About 
a  mile  from  the  northern  corner  of  the  Capitol  park,  on  the 
shore  of  Fourth  Lake,  at  its  outlet,  is  the  best  iiouring  mill 
in  the  State,  and  other  machinery,  owned  by  L.  J.  Farwell, 
present  Governor  of  Wisconsin.  Near  the  eastern  corner  of 
the  square,  the  Post  Office,  Bank,  Hotels,  Stores,  and  other 
business  stands,  are  located.  The  site  of  the  town  was  located 
as  early  as  1833  by  James  Duane  Doty,  afterwards  Governor 
of  the  Territory,  and  more  recently  Member  of  Congress;  and 
the  village  plat  was  made  out  by  his  direction  in  1S36.  A 
large  addition  to  this  plat  was  laid  out  in  1850,  near  the  Uni 
versity,  known  as  the  "  University  Addition."  Another  addi 
tion  has  just  been  surveyed,  on  the  northeast,  by  Governor 
Farwell,  by  whom  it  is  owned.  Several  causes  operated  to 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  137 

retard  the  prosperity  of  Madison  until  1847,  since  which  time 
it  h°.s  gradually  and  healthfully  increased  in  growth,  wealth, 
and  population.  Several  rail  roads  are  in  progress  of  construc 
tion  to  this  place,  one  at  least  of  which  will  be  completed  during 
the  pivsenr,  year,  and  the  others  soon  after.  From  its  location 
in  the  centre  of  a  large  agricultural  district,  having  no  im 
portant  rival  within  a  circle  of  forty  miles,  and  being  the 
permanent  Capital  of  the  State,  and  the  seat  of  the  richly 
endowed  University,  Madison  has  special  advantages  that 
cannot  fail  to  make  it  a  commanding  business  point,  and  a 
large  and  flourishing  town.  To  the  man  of  business,  the 
merchant  and  manufacturer,  there  are  offered  great  induce 
ments  to  settle  in  this  thriving  and  rapidly  increasing  com 
munity.  The  retired  merchant — the  student — the  lover  of 
the  picturesque  seeking  a  healthy  and  pleasant  location  for  a 
home,  is  presented  the  refreshing  breezes  and  pure  air  of  the 
lakes — the  beautiful  scenery,  unrivalled  in  any  country — the 
quiet  of  a  country  residence,  united  with  the  social  advan 
tages  and  the  excitements  of  a  city,  while  the  great  abun 
dance  of  game  in  the  prairies  and  openings,  and  the  variety 
of  fish  in  the  hikes  and  streams,  afford  a  relaxation  to  all  in 
pursuit  of  health  or  pleasure.  As  the  Capital  of  the  State,  the 
shire  town  of  the  c  ainty,  it  becomes  the  great  centre  of  public 
business,  calling  together,  at  frequent  intervals,  people  from 
all  parts  of  the  State  and  county,  at  the  annual  meetings  of  the 
legislature,  at  the  session  of  the  courts,  the  convocations  of 
political  conventions,  and  the  sessions  of  the  different  benevo 
lent  societies  of  the  day.  The  present  population  of  Madison 
is  about  3,500.  with  TOO  dwellings,  26  stores,  15  groceries, 
11  taverns,  2  large  printing  offices,  and  a  book  bindery;  a  grist 
mill,  with  eight  run  of  stone,  3  saw  mills,  an  iron  foundery,  a 
woollen  factory,  an  oil  mill,  2  steam  planing  mills,  a  hominy 
mill  propelled  by  steam;  a  bank,  the  first  organized  in  the 
State ;  three  churches,  with  three  others  to  be  built  during 
the  present  season  ;  and  mechanical  shops  of  all  kinds. 


138  WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER. 

MADORA,  F.,  on  section  1 1,  town  10  N.,  of  range  7  E.,  being  in  town 
of  Lodi,  county  of  Columbia.  It  lies  on  the  Wisconsin  river, 
at  the  month  of  Spring  Creek ;  contains  1  hotel,  1  warehouse, 
2  saw  mills,  and  2  flouring  mills  in  contemplation.  The  water 
power  is  a  superior  one. 

MAGNOLIA,  Town,  in  county  of  Rock,  being  town  3  !N".,  of  range 
10  E. ;  centrally  located,  15  miles  west  from  Janesville.  It  is 
settled  by  New-Yorkers.  The  population  in  1850  was  1,871. 
It  has  7  school  districts,  and  7  well-finished  frame  and  stone 
school  houses,  a  good  water  power,  6  feet  head,  with  1  grist 
and  1  saw  mill.  The  face  of  the  country  is  generally  undulat 
ing,  with  burr  oak  openings  and  prairie  advantageously  mixed. 
It  is  well  watered  by  springs  of  the  best  and  purest  quality. 
The  soil  is  a  sandy  loam,  on  a  subsoil  of  yellow  clay,  and  is 
excellent  grass  land.  Large  quantities  of  grass  seed,  of  a 
superior  quality,  is  annually  produced  and  shipped  East.  The 
town  boasts  of  having  some  of  the  best  improved  stock  farms 
in  the  State. 

MAGNOLIA,  P.  F.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Rock  county,  being  on 
sections  22  and  23,  town  3  K,  of  range  10  E.  It  has  15 
dwellings,  1  tavern,  1  store,  4  mechanics'  shops,  1  church, 
and  1  stone  school  house. 

MAIDEN'S  Rock,  on  east  bank  of  Lake  Pepin,  in  Chippewa  county, 
on  section  2,  town  23  JST.,  of  range  16  W. 

MAKWA,  Lake,  the  most  northern  lake  on  Red  Cedar  river. 
MANCHESTER,  Town,  in  county  of  Calumet.  It  has  4  school  districts. 

MANIDOWISH,  Lakes,  are  a  chain  of  lakes  in  north  part  of  Marathon 
county,  tributary  to  the  Chippewa  river,  through  river  of 
same  name. 

MANIDOWISH,  (MANITOISH  or  DEVIL'S),  River,  rises  in  lake  of  same 
name,  running  southwest,  empties  into  Chippewa  river,  of 
which  it  is  the  largest  tributary. 

MANITOU,  River,  see  East  River,  Brown  county. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  139 

MANITOWOC,  County,  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Brown  and  Ke- 
waunee,  on  the  east  and  southeast  by  the  State  line  in  Lake 
Michigan,  on  the  south  by  Sheboygan,  and  on  the  west  by 
Calumet  and  a  portion  of  Outagamie.  It  was  set  off  from 
Brown,  December?,  1836;  organized  and  attached  thereto 
for  judicial  purposes,  December  17,  1836;  fully  organized, 
March  2,  1818.  The  northern  boundaries  were  somewhat 
changed  February  9,  1850.  The  seat  of  justice  is  established 
at  Manitowoc  Rapids,  on  Manitowoc  river,  3  miles  from 
its  mouth,  and  a  few  miles  east  of  the  geographical  centre  of 
the  county.  The  general  formation  of  the  surface  is  moder 
ately  undulating,  and  in  some  parts  very  agreeably  diversified1 
writh  hills  and  valleys.  The  soil  is  good  and  well  watered, 
with  springs  and  creeks,  and  is  well  adapted  to  tillage  and 
grazing.  The  county  is  densely  timbered  with  maple,  oak, 
elm,  birch,  ash,  pine,  and  hemlock.  The  county  forms  a  part 
of  the  fourth  judicial  circuit,  of  the  thirtieth  congressional 
district,  and  of  the  first  senate  district.  It  sends  one  member 
to  the  assembly.  The  population  in  1840  was  235  ;  1842,  263  ; 
1846,629;  184T,  1,285;  1850,  3,713;  at  present  estimated, 
7,000.  Dwellings,  716;  farms,  37;  and  manufactories,  22. 
County  Officers  for  1853  and  1854:  County  Judge,  Ezekiel 
Bicker;  Sheriff,  D.  H.  Van  Yalkenburg ;  Clerk  of  Court, 
Frederick  Salomon ;  District  Attorney,  J.  H.  W.  Colby ; 
Begister  of  Deeds,  Fred.  Salomon  ;  Clerk  of  Board  of  Super 
visors,  Charles  A.  Renter ;  Treasurer,  "Wm.  Bach  ;  Surveyor, 
Fayette  Arnsby  ;  Coroner,  Lyman  Emmerson. 

MANITOWOC,  River ,  has  its  origin  in  two  branches ;  the  one  head 
ing  at  near  the  southern  extremity  of  Lake  Winnebago,  and 
the  other  near  the  north  western  part  of  the  same,  in  Calumet 
county;  unite  near  the  southeast  corner  of  town  19  N.,  of 
range  20  E.,  draining  about  400  square  miles  of  lands.  It  runs 
nearly  east,  entering  Lake  Michigan  at  the  village  of  Manito 
woc,  and  is  navigable  to  the  village  of  Manitowoc  Rapids, 
5  miles  from  its  mouth. 


140  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

MANITOWOC,  P.  V.,  see  Appendix. 

MANITOWOC  RAPIDS,  P.  V.  and  C.H '.,  see  Appendix. 

MANLY,  Ldke,  a  small  lake  in  the  south  part  of  Farmington,  Wash 
ington  county. 

MAPLETON,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  Oconomowoc,  Waukesha  county,  22 
miles  northwest  from  Waukesha,  on  the  Ashippun  river,  at 
which  place  are  good  mills. 

MAEATHON,  County,  is  bounded  on  the  north  and  northeast  by  the 
State  line,  east  by  Waupacca  and  Oconto,  south  by  Portage, 
and  on  the  west  by  Chippewa  and  La  Pointe.  It  was  estab 
lished  from  Portage,  and  fully  organized  February  9,  1850. 
Wausau,  at  Big  Bull  Falls  on  the  Wisconsin  river,  about  20 
miles  north  from  the  south  line  of  the  county,  is  the  seat  of 
justice.  It  is  celebrated  for  its  extensive  regions  of  pine 
timber,  and  the  production  of  pine  lumber,  rather  than  for 
agricultural  pursuits.  The  mills  in  Adams,  Portage,  and 
Marathon,  cut  nearly  sixty  millions  feet  per  annum.  The 
county  forms  a  part  of  the  first  senate  and  of  the  second  con 
gressional  districts,  and  of  the  third  judicial  circuit,  and,  with 
Portage,  sends  one  member  to  the  assembly.  County  Officers 
for  1853  and  1854 :  Judge,  "Wm.  H.  Kennedy;  Sheriff,  Thos. 
Minton  ;  Clerk  of  Court,  Asa  Lawrence. 

MAEATHON,  Town,  in  county  of  Marathon,  comprising  the  whole 
of  the  same.  The  population  in  1850  was  466. 

MAECELLON,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Columbia  county. 

MAECELLON,  Town,  in  county  of  Columbia,  being  town  13  X.,  of 
range  10  ;  centrally  located,  8  miles  from  Portage  city.  The 
population  in  1850  was  405.  It  has  4  school  districts. 

MAEINE  MILLS,  P.  0.,  in  Polk  county,  9  miles  below  the  Falls  of 

St.  Croix. 
MARION,  Town,  in  county  of  Waushara,  being  town  18  K,  of 

range  11. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

MARION,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  Paris,  Kenosha  county. 

MARKESAN,  P.  0.,  in  Marquette  county,  16  miles  from  Montello. 

MARQUETTR,  County,  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Waushara,  east 
by  Winnebago  and  Fond  duLac,  on  the  south  by  Dodge  and 
Columbia,  and  on  the  west  by  Adams,  and  is  24  by  30  miles 
square.  It  was  set  off  from  Brown,  December  7,  1836,  and 
was  organized  and  attached  to  Brown,  for  judicial  purposes, 
January  22,  1844.  It  was  fully  organized  July  31,  1848.  The 
bounds  of  the  county  were  extended  March  6,  1849.  Of  late 
the  subject  of  the  county  seat  has  created  considerable  excite 
ment,  and  the  question  is  now  being  litigated  between  the 
villages  of  Dartford,  on  the  north  side  of  Green  Lake,  in  the 
eastern  portion  of  the  county,  and  Marquette,  on  the  south  side 
of  Puckawa  Lake,  in  the  southern  portion  of  the  county.  The 
county  is  celebrated  for  its  good  lands,  deep  lakes,  fine  water 
powers,  and  its  industrious  and  thrifty  inhabitants.  It  is 
watered  by  Fox  river  (Neenah)  and  its  branches.  The  county  is 
attached  to  the  twenty-third  senate,  to  the  third  congressional 
districts,  and  to  the  third  judicial  circuit,  and,  with  Waushara, 
constitutes  two  assembly  districts,  as  follows:  1.  Towns  of 
Berlin,  Brooklyn,  Pleasant  Valley,  Middleton,  Mackford, 
Albany  and  Green  Lake,  in  the  county  of  Marquette,  and  the 
county  of  Waushara ;  2.  All  that  portion  of  Marquette  county, 
being  west  of  the  range  line  between  ranges  10  and  11  E., 
and  the  town  of  Marquette  and  Kingston,  in  .the  county  of 
Marcuette.  The  population  in  184:0  was  18;  1812,  59;  1816, 
986:  1847,  2,264;  including  Waushara,  1850,  8,612;  237 
farms,  9  manufactories,  1,747  dwellings.  County  Officers  for 
1853  and  1854:  Judge,  John  S.  Horner ;  Sheriff,  James  C. 
Potter;  Clerk  of  Court,  Dominic  Devenna  ;  Eegister  of 
Feeds,  J.  Edmund  Millard. 

MAK<;UETTE,  Town,  in  county  of  same  name.     It  has  5  school  dis 
tricts. 

MAIQUETTE,  P.  V.  and  C.  -fiT.,  (?)  on  south  side  of  Puckawa  Lake, 
Marquette  county. 


14:2  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

MARSTON,  is  the  name  of  a  new  town  in  county  of  Sank. 

MARTIN'S  Creek,  rises  in  town  22  IN".,  of  range  23  E.,  Kewaunee 
county,  is  about  7  miles  in  length,  emptying  into  East  Twin 
river. 

MASKAU,  River,  see  Mauvaise  River,  of  La  Pointe  county. 
MASHKEG,  River,  see  Mauvaise  River,  of  Lake  Superior. 

MAUVAISE,  Creek,  a  small  stream,  about  9  miles  in  length,  entering 
East  Twin  river,  between  Benton  and  Martin's  creek. 

MAUVAISE,  (BAD  or  MASHKEG),  River,  La  Pointe  county,  a  consid 
erable  stream  tributary  to  Lake  Superior,  rises  in  Kagine 
Lake,  near  the  head  waters  of  the  St.  Croix,  and  enters  Lake 
Superior  about  15  miles  west  from  Montreal  river. 

MAYVILLE,  P.  V.,  Dodge  county,  on  section  23,  town  12  2s".,  of 
range  13  E.,  in  town  of  Williamstown,  12  miles  northeast 
from  Juneau,  and  65  miles  northeast  from  Madison.  It  is 
situated  on  the  principal  branch  of  Rock  river,  and  possesses 
the  superior  advantages  of  good  wrater  power,  iron  ore,  tim 
ber,  and  a  good  soil. 

MCCARTNEY'S  Creek,  a  small  stream  in  Waterloo,  Grant  county, 
entering  the  Mississippi. 

MEGHAN,  River,  rises  in  the  northern  portion  of  Waushara  county, 
and  runs  southeast  into  Fox  river,  which  it  enters  near  the 
line  between  towns  15  and  16  "N. 

MEDINA,  Tovm,  in  county  of  Dane,  being  town  8  !N".,  of  range  12 
E. ;  centrally  located,  16  miles  northeast  from  Madison.  It 
has  7  school  districts. 

MEEKER,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  Germantown,  "Washington  courty. 
MEGEDCHEQUE,  or  Namebin  Lake,  La  Pointe  county. 

MEMEE,  Creek,  rises  inManitowoc  county,  runs  south  between  and 
nearly  parallel  to  the  lake  shore  and  Sheboygan  river,  en-ers 
the  lake  a  few  miles  northeast  of  the  mouth  of  the  latter. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  143 

MEMEE,  P.  0.,  in  Manitowoc  county,  on  section  14,  town  17  !N"., 
of  range  22  E.,  being  in  the  town  of  Memee,  15  miles  south 
from  Manitowoc,  and  130  miles  from  Madison. 

MEXASHA,  P.  V.,  see  Appendix. 

MENIMI,  Lake,  one  of  the  sources  of  the  St.  Croix,  in  La  Points 
county. 

MENOM,  Lake,  an  expansion  of  2s"eenah  river  immediately  above 
Buffalo  Lake,  in  Marquette  county. 

MEXOMONEE,  Town,  in  county  of  Waukesha,  being  town  8  !N\, 
of  range  20  E. ;  centrally  located,  12  miles  northeast  from 
Waukesha.  The  population  in  1850  was  1,340.  It  has  7 
school  districts. 

MEXOMOXEE,  River,  (of  Milwaukee,)  rises  in  the  southern  part  of 
Washington  county,  and  runs  southeast  through  a  town  of 
same  name  in  Waukesha  county,  and  the  towns  of  Granville, 
Wauwatosa  and  Milwaukee,  enters  Milwaukee  river,  in  the 
city  of  Milwaukee. 

MEXOMONEE,  River,  rises  near  the  head  waters  of  the  Wisconsin, 
and  running  southeast,  forming  the  line  between  the  States  of 
Michigan  and  Wisconsin,  enters  Green  Bay,  at  about  the 
middle  of  the  western  shore.  This  river  passes  a  large  quan 
tity  of  water  into  Green  Bay,  but  owing  to  its  rapidity  and 
falls  is  not  navigable  except  for  canoes.  The  banks  of  the 
Menomonee  are  covered  with  a  heavy  growth  of  excellent 
and  fine  timber.  Its  valley  contains  much  good  land. 

MEXOMOXEE,  Creek,  rises  near  the  northeast  corner  of  Jamestown, 
Grant  county,  and  runs  southwest  into  the  State  of  Illinois. 

MENOMONEE,  Diggings,  a  mining  point  at  the  corners  of  town  1  and 
2,  K,  of  ranges  1  and  2  W. 

MENOMONEE,  Falls,  on  river  of  same  name,  15  miles  from  Milwau 
kee,  at  which  place  is  a  descent  of  40  feet  in  half  a  mile. 

MENOMONEE  MILLS,  P.  0.,  in  Chippewa  county. 
MENOMONEE,  Rapids,  are  rapids  in  the  river  of  same  name. 


144  WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER. 

MEQUON,  Town,  in  county  of  Washington,  being  towns  9  N.,  of 
range  21  and  fraction  23  N.  ;  central!}7  located,  12  miles  south 
west  from  Ozuukee.  The  population  of  1850  was  2,148.  It 

has  14  school  districts. 


River,  rises  in  the  northwest  corner  of  town  of  same 
name,  and  runs  east,  uniting  writh  the  Milwaukee  river,  at  the 
village  of  Mequon. 

MEQUON  RIVER,  P.  T7".,  in  county  of  Washington,  on  section  23,  of 
the  town  of  Mequon,  town  9  N.,  of  range  21  E.,  on  the  Mil 
waukee  and  Fond  du  Lac  plank  road,  15  miles  southwest 
from  Ozaukee,  and  90  miles  easterly  from  Madison.  Popula 
tion  160  ;  with  20  dwellings,  a  good  school  house,  and  various 
mechanics. 

MERRIT'S  Mill,  on  the  Wisconsin  river,  near  the  southwest  corner 
of  town  22  N".,  of  range  5  E.,  in  Portage  county. 

MERTON,  Town,  in  county  of  Waukesha,  being  town  8  ^sT.,  of 
range  18  E.  ;  centrally  located,  15  miles  northwest  from 
Waukesha.  The  population  in  1850  was  1,763.  It  has  8 
school  districts. 

METOMEN,  P.  V.,  is  on  section  10,  in  town  of  same  name,  being 
town  15  N.,  of  range  14  E.  It  is  in  Fond  du  Lac  county,  20 
miles  west  from  the  county  seat,  with  which  it  is  connected 
by  a  plank  road,  and  is  65  miles  northeast  from  Madison.  It 
has  250  inhabitants  ;  with  2  stores,  3  hotels,  and  2  mills  ;  2 
church^,  and  5  religious  denominations.  It  is  a  good  loca 
tion  for  a  woollen  factory,  as  much  attention  is  paid  to  the 
raising  of  sheep  in  the  vicinity. 

METOMEN,  Tovm,  in  county  of  Fond  du  Lac,  being  town  15  IS".,  of 
range  14  E.  ;  centrally  located,  18  miles  west  from  Fond  du 
Lac.  The  population  in  1850  was  756.  It  has  9  school  dis 
tricts. 

MTCHICONI,  Lake,  forms  a  portion  of  the  head  waters  of  the  Mani- 
dowish  branch  of  the  Chippewa  river. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  145 

MICHIGAN,  Lake,  the  eastern  bounds  of  the  State,  is  the  only  one 
of  the  great  chain  of  inland  seas  that  lies  wholly  within  the 
United  States.  It  is  estimated  to  have  a  length  of  about  320 
miles,  and  a  mean  or  average  breadth  of  TO  miles — having, 
therefore,  an  area  of  22,400  square  miles,  exclusive  of  Green 
Bay.  The  surface  of  Lake  Michigan  is  578  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  Ocean,  and  its  mean  depth  is  estimated  at  1,000 
feet.  The  bottom  is,  therefore,  about  400  feet  below  the  Ocean 
level.  Its  greatest  width  is  opposite  Milwaukee,  where  it  \% 
neariv  100  milts.  The  length  of  coast  of  this  lake,  in  Wis 
consin,  from  the  State  of  Illinois  to  the  north  point  of  Kock 
Island,  at  the  entrance  of  Green  Bay,  is  257  miles.* 

MIDDLE  MILLS,  P.  0.,  in  Chippewa  county,  town  28  X.,  of  range 
13  W.  Population,  300;  with  1  mill,  2  stores,  and  1  hotel. 

MIDDLETON,  P.O.)  in  town  of  same  name,  Dane  county. 

MIDDLETOX,  Town,  in  the  county  of  Dane,  being  town  7  1ST.,  of 
range  8  E. ;  centrally  located,  8  miles  wrest  from  Madison.  It 
has  6  school  districts. 

MIDDLETO::,   Town,  Marquette  county,  see  Dayton. 

MIFFLIX,  P.  T7".,  in  town  of  same  name,  Iowa  county,  formerly 
called  Black  Jack,  consists  of  two  small  villages,  frum  a  half 
to  three-fourths  of  a  mile  apart,  containing  about  200  inhabi 
tants,  principally  miners.  It  has  4  stores,  1  grist  mill,  and  1 
smelting  furnace.  A  large  branch  of  the  West  Peckatonnica 
flows  through  both  villages.  The  country  around  is  mostly 
prairie.  It  is  11  miles  west  from  Mineral  Point. 

MIFFLIN,   Town,  in  the  county  of  Iowa. 

MILLAKD,  P.  V.j  on  section  9,  town  3  ~N.,  of  range  1 6  E.,  in  the 
town  of  Sugar  Creek,  Walworth  county.  It  is  7  miles  north 
west  from  Elkhorn,  60  miles  southeast  from  Madison,  on  the 
east  side  of  Sugar  Creek  prairie.  Population  100,  with  15 
dwellings,  1  store,  and  Baptist  church. 

*  Lapham. 


146  WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER. 

MILL  CREEK,  a  small  stream  entering  the  J^eenah,  in  the  town  of 
Grand  Chute,  Outagamie  county. 

MILFOED,  Town,  in  county  of  Jefferson,  being  town  8  N".,  of  range 
15  E. ;  centrally  located,  12  miles  north  from  Jefferson. 
Population  in  1850  was  728.  It  has  6  school  districts. 

MILLYILLE,  jP.  T7".,  in  town  of  Patch  Grove,  Grant  county,  on  the 
Wisconsin  river,  in  town  6  J^.,  of  range  6  W. 

MILTON,  Town,  in  county  of  Kock,  being  town  4  ]S".,  of  range  13 
E. ;  centrally  located,  14  miles  northeast  from  Janesville. 
Population  in  1850  was  1,032.  It  has  8  school  districts. 

MILTON,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  same  name,  in  Rock  county,  on  section 
27.  It  is  8  miles  northeast  from  Janesville,  and  36  miles 
southeast  from  Madison.  Population  400,  with  40  dwellings, 
5  stores,  3  hotels,  2  churches,  3  societies,  and  1  academy  of 
about  70  scholars.  It  is  60  miles  southwest  from  Milwaukee, 
on  the  line  of  the  M.  &  M.  R.  R.,  with  a  branch  to  Janesville. 

MILWAUKEE,  City,  the  county  seat  of  Milwaukee  county,  and  the 
largest  town  in  the  State,  is  situated  in  town  7,  of  range  22, 
E.,  and  near  the  mouth  of  the  river  of  the  same  name,  and 
on  the  shores  of  a  bay,  or  indentation  of  Lake  Michigan, 
some  six  miles  between  the  outer  points,  and  two  and  one 
half  to  three  miles  in  width,  affording  deep  water  at  all  times, 
and  good  holding  ground  fur  vessels  at  anchor.  The  river 
comes  from  the  north  in  a  direction  parallel  with  the  lake 
shore,  the  land  rising  from  the  lake  in  almost  perpendicular 
bluffs,  and  descending  gradually  to  the  bed  of  the  river.  On 
the  west,  the  land  rises  again  to  a  considerable  height. 
Within  the  limits  of  the  corporation,  the  Menominee  river 
comes  in  from  the  west,  and  joins  the  Milwaukee,  about  a 
mile  from  its  present  mouth.  Piers  were  erected  some  years 
since  by  the  United  States  Government,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
river ;  but  the  citizens  have  long  felt  the  necessity  of  dis 
pensing  with  the  circuitous  route  which  the  river  takes 
through  the  low  grounds  near  its  mouth,  and  have  projected 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  14.7 

a  cut  through  an  isthmus  of  some  200  feet  in  width  between 
the  river  and  lake,  and  the  erection  of  piers  at  that  point, 
thus  forming  a  new  harbor  or  opening  into  the  river.  There 
is  always  water  enough  in  the  river  for  the  largest  class  of 
lake  craft,  as  far  up  as  the  mills,  some  two  miles  from  its 
mouth.  Recently,  (May,  1853,)  the  citizens  have  voted  a  loan 
of  §50,000,  to  be  expended  in  connection  with  a  Government 
appropriation  of  $15,000,  in  the  improvement  of  the  harbor, 
Milwaukee  was  laid  out  as  a  village  in  1835.  Its  rapidity  of 
growth  may  be  seen  from  the  following,  giving  the  popula 
tion  for  the  years  mentioned  :  In  1838,  700  ;  1840,  1,751 ; 
1842,  2,700;  1846,  9,655;  1847,  14,061;  1849,  18,000;  1850, 
20,061.  The  above  presents  a  rate  of  increase  unparalleled  in 
the  history  even  of  the  rapidly  growing  West.  At  present, 
the  population  is  estimated  at  over  25,000  souls.  A  dam  is 
thrown  across  the  Milwaukee  river,  near  the  north  limits  of 
the  city,  and  a  canal  is  conducted  from  it  parallel  with  the 
stream,  affording  an  abundant  water  power;  the  present 
capacity  of  which  may  be  increased  at  comparatively  small 
expense.  Five  large  flouring  mills,  one  woollen  factory, 
oil  mill,  pail  factory,  and  numerous  machine  shops,  are 
situated  upon  this  water  power,  and  are  accessible  to  vessels 
of  the  largest  class.  The  town  of  Milwaukee  was  incorpo 
rated  as  a  city  by  the  territorial  Legislature,  January  31, 
1846,  with  five  wards;  and  the  first  election  under  the  char 
ter  was  held  on  the  first  Tuesday  of  April  succeeding.  Solo 
mon  Juneau,  who,  as  an  Indian  trader,  had  first  built  his 
cabin  on  the  site  of  the  city,  and  remained  for  many  years 
the  only  white  settler,  was  chosen  the  first  mayor.  The 
number  of  buildings  erected  in  1850  was  325,  at  a  cost  of 
$369,000.  Since  that  time  the  city  has  greatly  enlarged  its 
borders,  and  increased  in  the  number  and  quality  of  its 
buildings.  The  color  of  the  brick  used  being  a  light  cream, 
with  their  excellent  quality,  add  very  much  to  the  appear 
ance  of  the  city.  Great  taste  is  exhibited  in  the  architecture 


148  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

of  many  of  the  dwellings  and  blocks  of  stores ;  some  of  the 
latter  rivalling  any  buildings  of  the  kind  west  of  New  York. 
Seven  daily  newspapers,  four  in  English  and  three  in  Geiman, 
are  published,  in  the  city.  All  of  these  publish  weekly  edi 
tions,  and  most  of  them  tri-weeklies.  There  are,  besides,  two 
other  weeklies,  and  two  monthly  publications  issued.  The  pub 
lic  schools  of  this  city  are  under  the  charge  of  a  board  of 
three  commissioners  from  each  ward.  A  commodious  brick 
edifice  has  been  erected  in  each  ward  for  the  purpose,  at  an 
average  cost  of  about  §5,000.  A  large  portion  of  the  chil 
dren  of  the  city  receive  gratuitous  instruction  in  these  schools. 
Besides  these,  there  are  numerous  private  academies  and 
schools,  among  which  may  be  mentioned  the  Milwaukee 
University  Institute,  which  is  incorporated  with  a  University 
charter — the  Milwaukee  Female  College,  for  which  a  very 
tasteful  and  extensive  brick  building  has  been  erected — the 
Spring  street  Female  Seminary — the  Milwaukee  Commercial 
and  English  School — the  Milwaukee  Academy,  etc.  For  the 
last  mentioned,  a  commodious  brick  building  is  erected  and 
in  use.  There  are  in  Milwaukee  35  church  organizations, 
and  nearly  30  church  edifices.  In  1852  there  were  29 
organizations,  of  the  following  denominations  :  2  Baptist,  2 
Congregational,  4  Roman  Catholic,  3  Protestant  Episcopal, 

1  Norwegian  Lutheran,   6  German  Protestant,    3  Methodist 
Episcopal,   5  Presbyterian,  1  Universalist,   and  2  "Wesleyan 
Methodist.     Among  the  associations  for  various  objects   and 
purposes,  there  were  last  year  in  operation  a  City  Bible  So 
ciety,  Tract  Society,  2  Musical  Societies,  3  Orphan  Asylums, 

2  Benevolent  Societies,  several  Literary  Associations,  5  Odd 
Fellows'  Lodges,  3  Masonic  Lodges,  2  Temperance  Divisions, 
besides  numerous  Insurance  and  other  Companies,  belonging 
more  appropriately  to  business  matters.     Eight  Fire  Compa 
nies  constitute  that  department,  well  supplied  with  the  neces 
sary  machines,  and  it  is  conducted  with  efficiency  and  har 
mony.    The  city  is  lighted  with  gas,  supplied  from  extensive 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER.  149 

works  erected  in  1852.  The  United  States  District  Court 
holds  its  sessions  in  this  city.  The  Circuit  and  County  Courts 
also  hold  several  terms  during  the  year;  and  a  Municipal 
Court  will  probably  be  soon  established.  Several  consul 
ships  for  German  States  are  located  in  Milwaukee,  for  the 
benefit  of  the  very  large  number  of  Germans  who  arrive  at 
Milwaukee  and  other  Wisconsin  ports,  and  settle  within  the 
State.  During  the  past  three  years,  much  has  been  done  to 
increase  the  facilities  of  intercourse  between  Milwaukee  and 
the  interior  of  the  State.  Several  plank  roads  stretch  out 
in  various  directions,  there  being  now  near  200  miles  con 
structed  and  in  operation.  The  Milwaukee  and  Mississippi 
rail  road  is  completed  as  far  as  Janesville,  71  miles,  and  is 
under  contract  from  Milton,  8  miles  northeast  from  Janesville 
to  Madison,  to  be  completed  by  the  1st  Jauuary,  1854:,  whence 
it  is  to  run  westward  to  Prairie  du  Chien,  on  the  Mississippi, 
at  the  month  of  the  Wisconsin.  Other  roads  are  chartered, 
and  portions  of  them  contracted,  or  ready  for  contract,  as  fol 
lows  :  Green  Bay,  Milwaukee  and  Chicago,  running  north 
and  south.  The  portion  of  this  road,  south  of  Milwaukee,  is 
expected  to  be  complete  within  18  months. — Milwaukee  aud 
Beloit,  (chartered  ;)  about  70  miles  in  length,  but,  the  con 
nexion  can  be  made  through  other  roads  in  halt'  that  dis 
tance. — Milwaukee  and  Watertown,  under  contract  to  Water- 
town,  40  miles  north  of  west,  to  be  extended  to  Portage  city 
immediately,  and  thence  to  La  Crosse  on  the  Upper  Missis 
sippi. — La  Crosse  and  Milwaukee,  nearly  in  the  same  direc 
tion  as  the  last  named,  passing  through  Dodge  county.  A 
large  amount  of  stock  subscribed,  and  the  enterprize  in  ener 
getic  hands. — Milwaukee,  Fond  du  Lac  and  Green  Bay,  fully 
organized  by  the  subscription  of  stock,  and  with  a  prospect 
of  early  completion.  These  several  lines  of  railway,  once 
completed,  will  make  Milwaukee  the  business  centre  of  a 
very  rich  and  rapidly  growing  region  of  country.  Measures 
are  now  prosecuted  with  energy  for  the  building  of  a  rail- 
11 


150  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

road  across  the  State  of  Michigan,  which,  in  connexion  with 
the  Canadian  system  of  roads,  will  place  Milwaukee  on  al 
most  an  air  line  route  from  the  northwest  to  the  great  Eastern 
cities.  The  value  of  articles  manufactured  in  the  city  in  the 
year  1852,  was  over  $2,000,000.  Tonnage  of  vessels  owned 
in  the  city,  8,548.  Number  of  arrivals  at  thep;>rt  in  1852, 
about  1600 ;  and  departures  the  same.  Of  principal  articles,  the 
following  quantities  were  exported  during  the  year  1852,  viz: 
flour,  88,597  bbls.  ;  wheat,  394,386  bushels  ;  barley,  345,620 
bushels;  oats,  428,800  bushels;  rye,  67,759  bushels  ;  hogs, 
live  and  dressed,  1,771,314  Ibs. ;  pork,  19,603  bbls.;  bacon, 
188,286  Ibs. ;  beef,  7,773  bbls. ;  eggs,  54,000  doz. ;  butter, 
80,000  Ibs.  ;  saleratus,  150,000  Ibs.  ;  mill  feed,  300  tons  ; 
hops,  11,625  Ibs. ;  brick,  700,000;  wool,  321,121  Ibs.  ;  hides, 
12,990  Ibs. ;  flax,  4,211  Ibs. ;  broom  corn,  270  tons  ;  ashes, 
pot  and  pearl,  3,291  casks;  grass  seed,  5,852  bbls.;  furs, 
139  bales  ;  lead  and  shot,  about  1,000,000  Ibs.  ;  staves, 
dressed,  189,000,  &c.  &c. 

MILWAUKEE,  County,  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Washington,  east 
by  the  State  line,  south  by  Racine,  and  west  by  Waukesha. 
It  was  established  and  set  off  from  Brown,  Sept.  6,  1834,  and 
fully  organized.  Its  original  limits  extended  from  the  south 
and  east  lines  of  the  present  State  of  Wisconsin  north  to  the 
north  line  of  township  12,  and  west  to  the  line  between  the 
Green  Bay  and  Wisconsin  land  districts,  which  was  estab 
lished  June  26,  1834,  and  was  "  a  north  and  south  line  drawn 
from  the  northern  boundary  of  Illinois,  along  the  range  line 
next  west  of  Fort  Winnebago  to  the  Wisconsin  river,"  or  the 
range  line  between  ranges  8  and  9  E.  The  seat  of  justice  is 
established  at  the  city  of  Milwaukee.  This  county  was  origi 
nally  covered  with  a  heavy  growth  of  hard  timber.  The  soil  is 
good  and  well  adapted  to  the  raising  of  grain  and  to  garden 
ing.  The  streams  are  the  Milwaukee,  Menomonee,  and  Root 
rivers  and  Oak  creek.  This  county  is  in  the  second  judicial 
circuit  arid  the  first  congressional  district.  Its  legislative 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  151 

representation  is  as  follows  :  The  first  and  second  wards  of  the 
city  of  Milwaukee,  and  towns  of  Wauwatosa,  Milwaukee  and 
Granville.  constitute  the  fifth  senate  district.  The  third, 
fourth,  and  fifth  wards  in  the  city  of  Milwaukee,  and  the 
towns  of  Greenfield,  Lake,  Oak  Creek  and  Franklin,  consti 
tute  the  sixth  senate  district.  The  first  ward  in  the  city  of 
Milwaukee  constitutes  an  assembly  district.  The  second  ward 
in  the  city  of  Milwaukee  constitutes  an  assembly  district. 
The  third  ward  in  the  city  of  Milwaukee  constitutes  an  assem 
bly  district.  The  fourth  ward  in  the  city  of  Milwaukee  con 
stitutes  an  assembly  district.  The  fifth  ward  in  the  city  of 
Milwaukee  constitutes  an  assembly  district.  The  towns  of 
Franklin  and  Oak  Creek  constitute  an  assembly  district.  The 
towns  of  Greenfield  and  Lake  constitute  an  assembly  district. 
The  town  of  Wauwatosa  constitutes  an  assembly  district.  The 
towns  of  Milwaukee  and  Granville  constitute  an  assembly 
district.  County  Officers  for  the  years  1853  and  1854:  Judge, 
Horatio  1ST.  Wells  ;  Sheriff,  Herman  L.  Page  ;  Clerk  of  Court, 
Matthew  Keenan  ;  District  Attorney,  A.  R.  R.  Butler ;  Regis 
ter  of  Deeds,  Charles  J.  Kern. 

MILWAUKEE,  Town,  in  county  of  same  name,  being  fractional 
towns  7  and  8  X.,  of  range  2'2  E. ;  in  which  is  located  the 
city  of  Milwaukee.  The  population  in  1850  was  1,364. 

MILWAUKEE,  Falls,  on  the  Milwaukee  river,  near  the  mouth  of 
Cedar  river,  in  Washington  county. 

MILWAUKEE,  River,  has  its  source  in  the  towns  of  Eden  and  Osce- 
oln,  Fond  du  Lac  county,  and  running  southerly,  through 
Washington  county,  unites  with  the  Menomonee,  at  Mil 
waukee  city,  and  enters  Lake  Michigan. 

MINERAL,  CreeJc,  is  a  tributary  from  the  Wisconsin,  from  the  south, 
in  Iowa  county.  It  rises  near  Dodgeville. 

MINERAL  POINT,  P.  V.,  county  seat  of  Iowa  county,  contains  about 
2,500  inhabitants  and  is  rapidly  increasing.  It  has  5  churches, 
4  smelting  furnaces  in  operation,  and  the  value  of  mineral 


152  WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER. 

raised  in  crude  state  is  $500,000  per  annum  ;  11  dry  good 
stores,  5  groceries,  3  drug  stores,  and  1  book  store.  Inhabi 
tants  are  mostly  miners.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  rich  farming 
country;  is  the  terminus  of  the  Mineral  Point  railroad  from 
the  Illinois  state  line  to  Mineral  Point,  a  distance  of  31s  miles, 
where  it  intersects  the  central  railroad.  A  branch  of  the 
Peckatonnica  runs  near  the  village,  affording  water  power. 

MISSISSIPPI,  River )  "The  Father  of  Waters,"  is  the  most  important 
stream  in  the  United  States.  Its  entire  length,  according  to 
Kicollett's  Report  to  Congress,  is  2,986  miles ;  about  275 
miles  of  this  distance  forms  the  western  boundary  of  Wiscon 
sin.  The  principal  tributaries  of  the  Mississippi  in  this  State 
are  the  St.  Croix,  Chippewa,  Trempeleau,  Black,  and  Wis 
consin. 

MITCHELL,  P.  I7".,  in  county  of  Sheboygan. 

MITCHELL,  Town,  in  county  of  Sheboygan,  being  on  section  12, 
town  14  N.,  of  range  20  E. ;  centrally  located,  20  miles  south 
west  from  Sheboygan.  It  has  4  school  districts. 

MOMLNIKAN,  Lake,  on  Red  Cedar  river. 
MONCHES,  P.  0.,  in  Waukesha  county. 

MONTFORT,  P.  0.,  (Village  of  Wingville,)  on  section  24,  town  6 
N.,  of  range  1  W.,  18  miles  northeast  from  Lancaster,  and  50 
miles  west  from  Madison,  on  a  high  and  beautiful  prairie  on 
the  thoroughfare  from  Madison  to  the  Mississippi,  and  is  sur 
rounded  by  a  rich  and  fertile  farming  country,  which  is 
becoming  rapidly  improved.  Population  100,  with  30  dwel 
lings,  2  hotels,  2  stores,  a  melting  furnace,  and  a  Methodist 
church. 

MONISH,  Lake,  in  Waukesha  county.     See  Denoon  Lake. 

MONKOE,  C.  H.  and  P.  V.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Green  county, 
on  section  35,  town  2  N.,  of  range  7  E.  It  is  40  miles  south 
from  Madison.  Population  900,  with  200  dwellings,  7  stores. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER,  153 

3  hotels,  2  mills,  4  waggon,  5  blacksmith,  4  cabinet,  4  shoe 
and  4  carpenter  shops,  1  broom  and  I  chair  factory,  2  lath 
saws,  and  several  turning  lathes  connected  with  machinery 
at  the  mills,  1  Methodist  and  1  Christian  church.  Monroe 
is  sitmVed  on  the  direct  route  from  Janesville  to  Dubuque 
and  Galena,  35  miles  from  the  former,  and  50  miles  from  the 
latter  place.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  rich  farming  country  and 
large  tracts  of  the  best  quality  of  timber.  The  location  is 
very  healthy.  The  flouring  mill  runs  4  run  of  stone,  and, 
with  the  saw  mill,  is  driven  by  steam. 

MONROE,  Town.,  in  county  of  Green,  being  town  2  K.,  of  range  7 
E.,  in  which  is  located  the  county  seat,  Population  in  1850 
was  1,146.  It  has  7  school  districts. 

MOXTELLO,  P.  T7".,  in  Marquette  county,  on  section  16,  of  town  15 
N.,  of  range  10  E.,  19  miles  west  from  Dartford,  and  47  miles 
north  from  Madison,  at  the  mouth  of  Montello  river,  and  the 
outlet  of  Buffalo  Lake.  It  possesses  an  excellent  water  power, 
having  a  fall  of  14  feet,  with  sufficient  water  at  all  seasons  of 
the  year  to  carry  five  run  of  stone.  It  has  all  the  advantages 
of  the  navigation  of  Keenah  river.  Population  200,  with  50 
dwellings,  7  stores,  2  hotels,  1  mill,  1  church,  and  several 
mechanical  and  manufacturing  shops. 

MOXTELLO,  Town,  in  county  of  Marquette,  being  town  15  N.,  of 
range  10.  It  has  3  school  districts. 

MOXTELLO,  River,  rises  in  the  northwest  corner  of  Marquette 
county,  and  running  southeasterly,  empties  into  the  Neenah 
river  at  the  foot  of  Buffalo  Lake. 

MONTEREY,  P.  0.,  in  Oconornowoc,  Waukesha  county,  on  Aship- 
pun  creek. 

MONTEVILLE,  Toion,  in  county  of  La  Crosse. 

MONTEZUMA,  P.  T7".,  in  town  of  Jefferson,  Green  county,  being  in 
town  IK.,  of  range  8  E. 


154-  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

MONTICELLO,  P.  V',  on  section  7,  town  3  N.,  of  range  8  E.,  in 
Green  county.  It  is  situated  on  the  Madison  and  Monroe, 
and  Beloit  and  Mineral  Point  stage  routes,  near  the  centre  of 
the  county,  with  a  Hue  farming  country  surrounding  it,  and 
possesses  a  fine  water  power.  It  is  10  miles  north  of  Monroe, 
and  30  miles  south  from  Madison.  Population  100,  with  18 
dwellings,  1  store,  1  hotel,  1  saw  mill,  1  tin  and  sheet  iron, 
1  waggon  and  1  cabinet  shop ;  1  Methodist  Episcopal  denom 
ination. 

MONTREAL,  Bay,  in  LaPointe  county,  on  the  southern  shore  of  Lake 
Superior,  at  the  mouth  of  Montreal  river. 

MONTREAL,  River,  rises  near  the  head  of  the  Wisconsin  and  Onto- 
nagon  rivers,  west  of  Lake  Yieux  Desert,  and  running  quite 
rapidly  northwesterly,  enters  Lake  Superior  at  Montreal  Bay, 
forming  a  portion  of  the  boundary  line  between  Michigan  and 
Wisconsin,  (La  Pointe  county.) 

MONTKOSE,  Town,  in  county  of  Dane,  being  town  5  N.,  of  range  8 
E. ;  centrally  located,  15  miles  southwest  from  Madison.  It 
has  7  school  districts. 

MOEMAN,  Greek.,  rises  in  range  5  W.,  La  Crosse  county,  and  runs 
westerly  in  township  15  JS".,  entering  the  Mississippi. 

MORRISON'S  Greek,  a  small  branch  of  Platte  river,  in  Highland, 
Grant  county. 

MOUNDVILLE,  Settlement,  in  Iowa  county,  one  mile  west  of  Blue 
Mounds  P.  0. 

MOTJNDVILLE,  P.  0.,  in  Marquette  county,  12  miles  from  Montello. 
MOUNDVILLE,  Town,  in  county  of  Marquette. 
MOUNTAIN  ISLAND,  River,  see  Tempeleau  river. 

MOUSE,  Lake,  is  between  Okauchee  and  Pine  lakes,  on  the  Ocono- 
mowoc  river,  in  Waukesha  county. 

MOUNT  HOPE,  residence  of  E.  M.  Meigs,  on  section  1,  in  Ottawa, 
Waukesha  county,  adjoining  village  of  Waterville. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  155 

MORIAH,  this  name  has  been  given  to  an  elevation  of  land 
near  Grand  River,  in  the  town  of  Kingsboro',  Marquette 
Bounty. 

Mouxr  MORRIS,  Waushara  county,  an  elevation  in  the  south  part 
of  the  town  of  Ontario. 

MOUNT  MORRIS,  Town,  in  county  of  Waushara,  being  town  19  ~N.y 

of  range  11. 
MOUNT  PLEASANT,   Town,  in  county  of  Racine,  being  town  3  N., 

of  range  22  E. ;  centrally  located,  6  miles  west  from  Racine. 

MOUNT  PLEASANT,  Town,  in  county  of  Green,  being  town  3  N\, 
of  range  8  ;  centrally  located,  8  miles  northeast  from  Monroe. 
Population  in  1850  was  579.  It  has  7  school  districts. 

MOUNT  PLEASANT,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Green  county, 

being  in  town  3  N.,  of  range  8  E. 

MOUNT  STERLING,  P.  V.,  in  Crawford  county,  on  section  26,  town 
10  N\,  of  range  5  "W. 

MOUNT  TREMPELEAU,  a  bluff  about  500  feet  high,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  river  of  the  same  name,  in  Jackson  county,  having  a 
beautiful  and  extensive  view  of  the  surrounding  country. 

MOUNT  TOM,  in  Marquette  county,  in  the  town  of  Pleasant  Yalley. 

MOUNT  VERNON,  P.  V.,  on  the  town  line  between  Primrose  and 
Springdaie,  in  Dane  county,  17  miles  southwest  from  Madison. 
It  is  a  flourishing  village,  with  a  healthy  situation,  in  the 
valley  of  Sugar  River,  surrounded  by  a  fine  farming  country 
producing  grain  of  all  kinds  in  great  abundance,  and  well 
adapted  to  grazing  and  wool  growing;  and  occupied  by  an 
industrious  and  enterprizing  population.  It  has  several  good 
hydraulic  powers,  an  excellent  stone  quarry,  and  good  mate 
rial  for  making  brick.  Taking  into  consideration  the  many 
advantages  of  this  place,  and  the  distance  to  other  villages, 
together  with  the  fact,  that  the  land  in  the  county  is  owned 
by  actual  settlers,  it  is  destined,  ere  long,  to  assume  an  im 
portant  place  among  the  rapidly  growing  towns  of  Wisconsin. 


156  WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER. 

MUD,  Lake,  a  small  lake  in  the  town  of  Shields,  Dodge  county, 

MUD,  Lake,  in  Columbia  county,  a  widening  of  the  Neenah  river, 
5  miles  below  the  Portage. 

MUDDY,  Creek,  a  branch  from  the  north  of  Chippewa  river,  in 
town  26  K,  of  range  12  W. 

MUDDY,  Creek,  a  small  stream  entering  the  Mississippi,  at  Cass- 
ville,  Grant  county. 

MUKWA,  P.  V.  and  C.  H.,  on  section  20,  town  22  1ST.,  of  range  14 
E.,  on  Wolf  river,  in  Waupacca  county. 

MUKWA,  Town,  in  county  of  "Waupacca. 

MUKWONAGO,  P.  V.,  situated  on  section  26,  in  town  of  same  name, 
Waukesha  county,  16  miles  south  from  Waukesha,  and  70 
miles  east  from  Madison,  near  the  entrance  of  the  Mukwa- 
nago  creek  into  the  Fox  (Pishtakee)  river.  It  is  on  the  Mil 
waukee  and  Janesville  plank  road,  and  is  the  market  town  of 
an  excellent  farming  region  of  land.  The  population  is  about 
500,  with  75  dwellings,  2  hotels,  5  stores,  a  large  flouring 
mill,  and  a  variety  of  mechanics. 

MUKWONAGO,  Town,  in  county  of  Waukesha,  being  town  5  N., 
of  range  18  E. ;  centrally  located,  10  miles  south  from 
Waukesha.  Population  in  1850  was  1,094.  It  has  8  school 
districts. 

MUKWONAGO,  Lake,  an  expansion  of  Pishtakee  river,  about  two 
miles  in  length,  in  Waukesha  county. 

MULLET,  River,  rises  in  a  small  lake  in  Fond  du  Lac  county,  and 
running  easterly  into  Sheboygan  river,  in  Sheboygan  county, 
it  enters  just  above  the  Falls. 

MUSCODA,  Town,  in  the  county  of  Grant,  being  the  north  half  of 
town  7  IS".,  of  range  1  W.,  and  all  of  the  country  embraced 
in  towns  8  and  9  1ST.,  of  ranges  1  and  2  W. ;  centrally  located, 
22  miles  northeast  from  Lancaster.  It  has  2  school  districts. 
This  town  was  organized  in  1852. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  157 

MUSCODA,  P.  V.,  Grant  county,  in  town  of  same  name,  is  located 
on  section  1,  town  8  N.,  of  range  1  W.,  on  the  southern  bank 
of  the  Wisconsin  river,  being  in  the  northeast  corner  of  the 
town  and  county.  It  possesses  a  good  site  for  a  town,  being 
on  a  beautiful  prairie,  heretofore  known  as  English  prairie, 
10  feet  above  the  level  of  high  water  mark.  The  river  bank 
is  composed  of  sand  stone  from  the  base  to  within  seven  feet 
of  the  top.  The  soil  is  a  black  vegetable  loam,  very  productive. 
It  is  located  30  miles  northeast  from  Lancaster,  and  80  miles 
west  from  Madison,  45  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  "Wiscon 
sin,  and  25  below  Helena.  Population  250,  with  50  dwellings, 
3  stores,  2  hotels,  and  various  branches  of  industry. 

MUSKEGO,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Waukesha  county,  town 
5  N.,  of  range  20  E. 

MUSKEGO,  Town,  in  county  of  Waukesha,  being  town  5  IN".,  of 
range  20  E.  ;  centrally  located,  10  miles  southeast  from 
Waukesha.  The  population  in  1850  was  1,111.  It  has  8 
school  districts. 

MUSKEGO,  Creek,  Waukesha  county,  rises  in  lake  of  the  same 
name,  and  empties  into  Fox  River  at  Rochester. 

MUSKEGO,  Lake,  in  town  of  same  name,  in  the  southeast  part  of 
Waukesha  county,  is  nearly  four  miles  long,  and  more  than  a 
mile  wide. 

MUSKEGO,  River,  is  a  tributary  from  the  west  of  the  Menomonee 

river,  which  it  enters  near  Big  Quinesec  Falls. 
MUSQUEWOC,  Lake,  in  the  west  part  of  West  Bend,  in  Washington 

county,  is  about  3J  miles  long,  and  three-fourths  of  a  mile 

wide. 
MUSKOS,  River,  is  a  tributary  from  the  west  of  the  Menomonee 

river,  which  it  enters  near  Big  Quinesec  Falls. 
KAGAWICKA,  Lake,  is  mostly  on  section  17  of  the  town  of  Dela- 

field.     It  is  about  3  miles  long,  and  three-fourths  of  a  mile 

wide  ;  at  the  outlet  are  the  mills  and  the  village  of  Delafield. 

This  lake  has  Bark  river  for  its  inlet  and  outlet,  and  contains 

a  small  and  beautiful  island. 


158  WISCONSIN"    GAZETTEER. 

NAMEBIN,  Lake,  La  Pointe  county.     See  Megilcheque  lake. 
NARROWS,  Creek,  is  a  tributary  from  the  southwest  of  Baraboo 

river,  which  it  enters  about  half  way  between  Baraboo  and 

Reedsburg. 

NASHOTATT,  House,  the  oldest  institution  of  learning  in  the  State,  is 
located  on  the  eastern  bank  of  the  upper  Nashotah  Lake,  in 
the  town  of  Summit,  Waukesha  county.  It  was  chartered 
in  1847,  and  has  all  the  powers  and  privileges  of  a  Univer 
sity.  At  present  the  only  department  in  operation  is  the 
Theological,  which  numbers  about  30  students.  The  Board 
of  Instruction  consists  of  3  Professors  and  2  Tutors.  It  has 
a  library  of  about  4,000  volumes.  It  is  an  institution  of  the 
Protestant  Epispocal  Church,  and  endeavors  are  now  being 
made  to  place  it  upon  a  permanent  foundation,  which  pro 
mises  to  be  successful. 

J$TASHOTAH,  Lake,  (Twin  Lakes,)  are  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  town 
of  Summit,  Waukesha  county,  between  which  the  old  stage 
route  from  Madison  to  Milwaukee  passes.  The  lakes  are  con 
nected  by  a  small  brook,  and  each  contains  a  periphery  of 
two  miles  —  the  lower  being  a  trifle  the  largest.  The  lower 

o  o 

lake  approaches  within  a  short  distance  of  the  Upper  J^e- 
mahbin. 


,  River,  rises  in  the  north  part  of  Adams'  county,  and 
runs  southerly,  emptying  into  Yellow  river  about  6  miles 
above  the  Wisconsin  river,  in  Adams'  county. 

NAH,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Winnebago  county,  on 
south  side  of  the  outlet  of  Winnebago  lake,  opposite  Mena- 
sha,  in  town  20  K,  of  range  17  E. 

,  Town,  in  county  of  Winnebago.  Population  in  1850 
was  1,420.  It  has  7  school  districts. 

NEENAH,  River,  see  Fox  river  of  Green  Bay. 

NEKIMI,  Town,  in  county  of  Winnebago.    Population  in  1850  was 
910.     It  has  6  school  districts. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  159 

NEKIMI,  P.  V.,  on  section  20,  town  17  N.,  of  range  16  E.,  in  Win- 
nebago  county.  It  is  95  miles  northeast  from  Madison,  and  15 
southwest  from  O-hkush,  county  seat,  and  is  on  the  main  road 
from  Oshkosn  to  Milwaukee.  Popnla  ion  600,  with  150  dwel 
lings,  V  stores,  4  hotels,  and  3  churches — Free  "Will,  Baptist, 
arid  Methodist  congregations. 

KELSON'S  Landing,  in  Chippewa  county,  at  mouth  of  Chippewa 
river,  town  22  !N".,  of  ramie  14  W. 

NEMAHBIN,  Lakes,  are  in  the  southeastern  part  of  Summit,  Wauke- 
sha  county,  through  which  Bark  river  passes  transversely. 
These  lakes  are  separated  from  each  other  by  a  small  strip  of 
land,  across  which  the  road  passes  from  Delafield  west, 
through  Summit  centre.  The  Upper  Nemahbin  is  but  a  short 
distance  south  of  Kashotah,  and  about  a  mile  and  a  half  west 
of  Nagawicka  Lake.  The  lower  lake  contains  a  beautiful 
island,  known  as  "  Fairservice's,"  which  was  never  surveyed, 
and  is  now  claimed  by  the  Hon.  O.  Keed.  It  is  covered 
with  a  noble  growth  of  maple.  These  lakes  are  about  3  miles 
long  from  north  to  south. 

NEMADJI,  River,  La  Pointe  county.     See  Gauche  river. 
KEMAHKUM,  P.  0.,  in  Marquette  county,  11  miles  from  Montello. 

NEMANDY,  River,  (Emandiga,)  in  western  part  of  La  Pointe  county, 
a  tributary  from  the  north  of  St.  Croix  river. 

NEMAYACUM,  River,  see  Median  river. 

NEOSHA,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  Rubicon,  Dodge  county,  on  section  30, 
town  10  1^.,  of  range  18  E.,  on  the  Rubicon. 

NEPENSKI,  P.  V.,  town  17  1ST.,  of  range  14  E.,  Winnebago  county. 
It  is  20  miles  southwest  from  Oshkosh,  and  90  miles  north 
from  Madison,  6  miles  from  Ceresco,  and  6  miles  from  Berlin. 
In  the  vicinity  is  Rush  Lake,  7  miles  long,  and  3  miles  wide, 
with  an  unimproved  water  power  at  the  outlet.  Population 
95. 

XEPEUSKTJM,  P.  0.  in  county  of  Winnebago. 


160  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 


,  Town,  in  county  of  Winnebago.    Population  in  1850, 
was  361.     It  has  5  school  districts. 

NESHKOKA,  Town,  in  county  of  Marqnette.     It  embraces  sections 

4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9,  16,  17,  18,  in  town   17,  of  range  12  E.,  and 
sections  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9,  10,  11,  12,  13,  14,  15,  16,  17, 
18,  19,  20,  21,  22,  23,  24,  25,  26,  27,  28,  29,  30,  31,  32,  33,  34 
and  35,  in  town  17  K,  of  range  11  E.,  and  sections  2,  3,  4,  5, 
6,  7,  8,  9,  10  and  11,  in  town  16  N.,  of  range  11  E. 

NESHKORO,  P.  F,  on  section  8,  town  17  K,  of  range  11  E.,  of 
Marquette  county.  It  is  18  miles  from  Marquette,  and  80 
miles  north  from  Madison,  in  a  fine  farming  country,  with 
sufficient  water  power  for  10  run  of  stones,  on  the  main  road 
from  Milwaukee  to  the  Wisconsin  and  Black  river  pineries, 
and  from  Sheboygan  to  La  Crosse.  Population  200,  with  27 
dwellings,  4  stores,  2  hotels,  1  grist  mill,  1  saw  mill,  1  turn 
ing  lathe,  and  Presbyterian  and  Methodist  denominations. 

NESHONOE,  is  the  name  of  a  new  town  in  the  county  of  La  Crosse. 

NEVADA,  P.  F.,  on  section  25,  town  2  N.,  of  range  8  E.,  in  Green 
county,  9  miles  from  Monroe,  on  the  main  road  from  Janes- 
ville  to  Galena,  1  mile  north  of  the  surveyed  route  of  the 

5.  W.  R.  R.     The  advantages  for  farming  are  not  to  be  sur 
passed  by  any  part  of  the  State.     The  denominations  are 
Baptist,  Methodist,  and  Christian. 

NEWARK,  F,  (Barton  P.  0.)  in  Washington  county,  on  section  1 
and  2  of  town  of  same  name.  It  is  18  miles  west  of  Ozaukee, 
and  75  miles  northeast  from  Madison,  on  the  direct  route  from 
Milwaukee,  36  miles;  to  Fond  du  Lac,  28  miles.  It  is  plea 
santly  situated  on  the  Milwaukee  river,  in  the  midst  of  a 
highly  productive  country,  with  150  inhabitants,  40  dwellings, 
4  stores  and  2  hotels,  several  mechanical  shops  and  religious 
denominations. 

NEWARK,  Town,  in  county  of  Washington,  being  part  of  towns 
11  and  12  N.,  of  range  19  E.  It  has  6  school  districts. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  161 

,  Town,  in  county  of  Rock,  being  town  1  N.,  of  range  11 
E. ;  centrally  located,  13  miles  southwest  from  Janesville. 
Population  in  1850  was  798.  It  has  9  school  districts. 

NEWARK,  P.  F.,  in  town  of  same  name.  Rock  county,  town  1  N., 
of  range  11  E. 

NEW  BERLIN,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  same  name,  "Waukesha  county, 
town  6  N.,  of  range  20  E. 

NEW  CALIFORNIA,  P.  V.,  on  section  27,  in  town  of  Clifton,  Grant 
county,  being  town  5  N.,  of  range  1  W.,  12  miles  east  from 
Lancaster,  and  75  miles  westerly  from  Madison. 

NEW  BERLIN,  Town,  in  county  of  Waukesha,  being  town  6  N., 
of  range  20  E. ;  located  six  miles  east  from  "Waukesha. 
Population  in  1850  was  1,293.  It  has  10  school  districts. 

NEW  BUFFALO,  Town,  in  county  of  Sauk.    It  is  north  of  Baraboo. 

NEWBURG,  P.  V.,  on  sec.  12,  town  11  N.,  of  range  20  E.,  being  in 
the  town  of  Trenton,  Washington  county,  10  miles  west  from 
Ozaukee,  and  80  miles  northeast  from  Madison ;  on  the  Mil 
waukee  river,  30  miles  northwest  from  the  city  of  Milwaukee.. 
The  place  is  new,  it  being  but  five  years  since  the  first  loca 
tion.  Population  100,  with  15  stores,  2  hotels,  1  flouring  mill, 
1  saw  mill,  and  several  mechanical  shops. 

NEW  DIGGINGS,  P.  J7!,  on  section  26,  of  town  1,  range  1  E.,  in 
Lafayette  county.  It  is  in  the  heart  of  the  lead  mines,  and 
has  5  smelting  furnaces.  It  is  6  miles  southwest  from  Shulls- 
burg,  and  about  80  southwest  from  Madison,  and  has  5  stores, 
3  hotels,  1  mill,  and  3  religious  denominations. 

NEW  GLARUS,  P.  V.,  on  section  14,  town  4  N.,  of  range  7  E.,  in 
Green  county.  It  is  15  miles  north  from  Monroe,  and  about 
25  miles  south  from  Madison.  Population  120,  with  25  dwel 
lings,  2  stores,  1  hotel,  and  1  German  reformed  church. 

NEW  GLARUS,  Town,  in  county  of  Green,  being  town  4  N.,  of 
range  7  E. ;  centrally  located,  14  miles  north  from  Monroe. 
Population  in  1850  was  321. 


162  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

NEW  GRANT,  Diggings,  a  mining  settlement  in  town  4  IS".,  of  range 
4  E.,  in  Grant  county. 

NEW  IIoLSTEiN,  Town,  in  county  of  Calumet.  It  lias  2  school 
districts. 

NEW  MEXICO,  Town  &  Village,  name  changed  to  Monroe,  Green 
county. 

NEWTON  CORNERS,  P.  0.,  on  section  7,  in  town  7  N.,  of  range  13 
E.,  being  town  of  Lake  Mills,  Jefferson  county.  It  is  15  miles 
northwest  from  Jefferson,  and  20  east  from  Madison,  at  the 
junction  of  the  State  road  from  Janesville  to  Portage  city 
with  the  Madison  and  Milwaukee  mail  route.  It  has  4  dwel 
lings,  20  inhabitants,  1  hotel,  and  a  saw  mill  near,  on  Kos- 
konong  creek. 

NICHOLAS,  Creek,  a  small  branch  of  Black  river  from  the  north, 
opposite  Robinson's  creek. 

MIDJIKWE,  Lake)  the  most  eastern  of  the  sources  of  the  St.  Croix 
river,  in  La  Pointe  county. 

NiP-AND-TucK,  Diggings,  a  mining  point  on  section  30,  of  town  4 
N.,  of  range  4  W.,  in  Grant  county. 

NIPPISIXG,  Creek)  is  a  small  stream  in  the  southeast  corner  of  Wai- 
worth  county,  runs  southerly  into  the  State  of  Illinois, 

NIPPISTNG,  LakeS)  two  lakes  in  the  southwest  corner  of  the  town  of 
Wheatland,  in  Kenosha  county,  the  most  southern  of  which 
is  about  2  miles  long,  the  other  nearly  1  mile.  The  road  from 
Kenosha  to  Beloit  passes  between  them.  They  discharge 
their  waters  into  Fox  River,  (Pishtaka.) 

NORTH,  Lake,  is  about  half  way  between  Okauchee  and  Tuck-Kip 
ping  lakes,  and  directly  north  of  Pine  Lake.  It  has  an  area 
of  over  500  acres,  and  is  near  the  centre  of  the  town  of  Mer- 
ton,  "Waukesha  county. 

NORWAY,  Town,  in  county  of  Racine,  being  town  4  N.,  of  range 
20  E. ;  centrally  located,  18  miles  west  from  Janesville.  Pop 
ulation  in  1850  was  *70.  It  has  3  school  districts. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  163 

NORWAY,  P. 0.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Racine  county;  being 
town  4  X.,  of  range  20  E. 

NORWICH,  Town,  in  county  of  "Waushara ;  name  changed  to 
Oasis. 

OAK  CREEK,  P.O.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Milwaukee  county, 
town  5  N.,  of  range  22  E. 

OAK,  Creek)  a  small  tributary  of  Lake  Michigan,  from  near  the 
town  line  between  the  towns  of  Lake  and  Oak  Creek,  in  Mil 
waukee  county. 

OAK  CREEK,  Town,  in  county  of  Milwaukee,  being  town  5  N.,  of 
range  22  E. ;  centrally  lacated,  10  miles  from  Milwaukee.  The 
population  in  1850  was  1,289.  It  has  Y  school  districts. 

OAKFIELD,  Town,  in  county  of  Fond  du  Lac,  being  town  14  N"., 
of  range  16  E.,  centrally  located,  10  miles  southwest  from 
Fond  du  Lac.  The  population  in  1»50  was  588.  It  has  8 

school  districts. 

OAKFIELD,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  same  name,  on  section  27,  in  Fond 
du  Lac  county,  12  miles  southwest  from  Fond  du  Lac,  and  80 
northeast  from  Madison,  on  the  head  waters  of  Ruck  river,  in 
a  good  farming  region. 

OAK  GROVE,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Dodge  county,  on  sec 
tions  31  and  32,  town  11  N.,  of  range  15  E. 

OAK  GROVE,  Town,  (formerly  Fairfield),  in  county  of  Dodge,  being 
town  11  X.,  of  range  15  E.  Population  in  1850  was  1,143. 
It  has  10  school  districts. 

OAK  HILL,  P.  Tr.,  in  Jefferson  county. 

OAK  LAND,  Town,  in  county  of  Jefferson,  being  town  6  N.,  of 
range  13  E. ;  centrally  located,  8  miles  west  from  Jefferson. 
Population  in  1850  was  806.  It  has  4  school  districts. 

OASIS,  Town,  in  county  of  Waushara,  being  town  20  N.,  of  ranges 
8  and  9;  centrally  located,  25  miles  northwest  from  Sacra 
mento. 


164:  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

OASIS,  P.  V.,  on  section  33,  in  town  of  same  name,  being:  town  20 
N.,  of  range  9,  in  Wansbara  county  ;  30  miles  northwest  from 
Sacramento,  and  80  miles  north  of  Madison,  on  the  stage  road 
from  Madison,  via  Fort  Winnebago,  to  Plover  Portage. 

OCHA-SUN-SEPA,  River,  a  tributary  from  the  northeast  of  Court- 
oeriile  river,  in  La  Pointe  county. 

OCKEE,  Creek.,  rises  in  Lowville,  Columbia  county,  and  runs  nearly 
west,  emptying  into  the  Wisconsin. 

O'CLAIR,  River,  L'eau  St.  Claire,  inChippewa  county,  a  branch  of 
Chippewa  river  fiorri  the  E.,  in  town  27  JST.,  of  range  9  W. 

OCONOMOWOC,  Town,  in  county  of  "Waukeslia,  being  town  8  !N"., 
of  range  17  E. ;  centrally  located,  20  miles  northwest  from 
Waukesha.  Population  in  1850  was  1,218. 

OCONOMOWOC,  P.  V.,  on  section  33,  in  town  of  same  name,  18  miles 
northwest  of  Waukesha,  and  50  east  from  Madison,  on  the 
great  mail  route  from  Milwaukee  to  Galena;  also  on  the  Mil 
waukee  and  Watertown  phink  road.  Population  250,  with 
50  dwellings,  10  stores,  3  hotels,  1  grist  mill,  1  saw  mill,  1 
oil  mill,  2  turning  lathes,  1  saleratus  factory,  and  a  good  sup 
ply  of  mechanics  and  professional  men;  aLo  1  Methodist  and 
1  Episcopal  church.  It  is  beautifully  situated  on  a  neck  of 
land  between  La  Belle  and  Fowler's  Lakes,  and  is  surrounded 
by  a  fertile  farming  district. 

OCONOMOWOC,  Creek,  rises  in  the  town  of  Polk,  Washington  county, 
and  running  southwest,  passes  through  a  succession  of  small 
and  beautiful  lakes,  enters  Rock  river  in  the  south  part  of 
Ixonia,  Jefferson  county. 

OCONOMOWOC,  Lake,  is  on  the  river  and  in  town  of  same  name, 
about  half  way  between  the  village  of  Oconomowoc  and 
Okauchee.  It  is  nearly  2  miles  long. 

OCONTO,  County,  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  the  State  line,  on  the 
east  by  the  middle  of  Green  Bay  and  a  portion  of  Brown,  on 
the  south  by  Brown  and  Outagamie,  and  on  the  west  by 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER.  165 

Waupacca  and  Marathon.  It  was  set  off  and  established  from 
Brown,  February  6,  1851,  and  organized  for  county  purposes 
April  7,  1852.  The  principal  rivers  are  Pishtego,  Oconto, 
Pensaukee,  and  Little  Suamico.  The  judicial  connection  of 
Oconto  is  with  Brown,  and  representative  with  Outagamie. 
The  chief  product  of  this  county,  thus  far,  has  been  pine 
lumber,  which  is  produced  in  great  quantities  ;  but  little  is 
known  of  its  agricultural  advantages. 

OCONTO,  Town,  including  the  whole  of  Oconto  eounty.     It  has  5 

school  districts. 

OCONTO,  Bank,  near  the  mouth  of  Oconto  liver,  in  Green  Bay. 

OCONTO,  River,  rises  near  the  head  waters  of  Wolf  river,  and 
running  southeast,  enters  Green  Bay  in  town  28  !N".,  of  range 
22  E. 

GENOA,  P.  0.,  in  Jefferson  county. 

OGALLA,  P.  V.,  at  the  mills  near  the  mouth  of  the  Eau  Galla  river, 

in  Chippewa  county. 

OKAUCIIEE,  Lake,  (or  Kauchee),  is  on  the  Oconomowoc  creek,  in 
the  eastern  part  of  town  of  Oconomowoc,  at  the  outlet  of 
which  tire  mills  and  a  settlement  formerly  known  as  "Reed's 
Mills,"  "Ilurd'ri  Mills,"  and  "  McCormack's  Mills." 

OivArrjrEE,  P.  V.,  at  outlet  of  lake  of  same  name,  in  Oconomowoc, 
Wuukeshci  county. 

OMRO,  P.  V.,  on  section  17  and  18,  in  town  of  Bloomingdale, 
Winnebago  county,  at  the  junction  of  the  Manitowuc  and 
Memishii,  (extended),  and  the  Waupun  and  Liberty  Prairie 
plank  roads.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  south  side  of  the 
Neemih  river,  11  miles  west  from  Oshkosh,  and  75  miles 
northeast  from  Madison.  It  has  a  heavy  body  of  timber  on 
the  north,  with  a  rich  soil  of  openings  and  prairie  on  the 
south,  and  has  excellent  facilities  by  water  for  obtaining  pine 
logs  from  the  immense  pinery  of  Wolf  river,  a  great  quantity 
oi  which  is  here  manufactured  into  lumber.  Population  600, 
12 


166  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

with  100  dwellings,  5  stores,  2  hotels,  3  mills,  and  4  religious 
denominations.  A  Company  has  been  organized  and  is  now 
completing  the  proper  buildings  for  the  manufacture  of  glass. 

OMRO,  Town,  (formerly  Bloomingdale,)  in  county  of  Winnebago, 
being  town  18  N,,  of  range  18  E. 

ONEIDA,  P.  V.,  in  Brown  county,  on  Duck  creek,  near  centre  of 
Oneida  Keservation. 

O 'NEIL'S,  Creek,  a  small  tributary  of  Black  river  from  the  east, 
in  town  24  N". 

ONE  MILE,  Creek,  a  tributary  in  Sauk  county,  of  the  Lemonwier 
river. 

ONEONTA,  P.  0.,  in  Sauk  county. 

ONION  RIVER,  P.  V.,  in  county  of  Sheboygan. 

ONION,  River,  rises  in  Holland,  Sheboygan  county,  runs  northerly, 
and  unites  with  Sheboygan  river,  just  below  the  Falls. 

ONTARIO,  Town,  in  the  county  of  "Waushara,  being  town  20  N.,  of 
ranges  11,  12  and  13,  north  of  Sacramento. 

O'PLAINE,  River,  rises  in  the  southern  part  of  Racine  county,  and 
runs  southerly,  through  the  county  of  Kenosha,  into  the  State 
of  Illinois,  uniting  with  Kankakee  river  of  Indiana,  at  Dres 
den  and  the  Pishtaka  at  Ottawa,  forms  the  head  waters  of 
the  Illinois  river.  The  Indian  name  is  She-shik-ma-o. 

OREGON,  Town,  in  county  of  Dane,  being  town  5  N".,  of  range  9 
E. ;  centrally  located,  12  miles  south  from  Madison.  Popula 
tion  in  1850  was  638.  It  has  9  school  districts. 

OREGON,  P.  V.,  on  section  12,  in  town  of  same  name,  12  miles 
south  from  Madison,  on  Janesville  stage  road,  on  the  head 
waters  of  Badfish  creek,  equidistant  from  Sugar  and  Catfish 
rivers.  It  has  55  inhabitants,  9  dwellings,  1  store,  1  hotel, 
and  3  religious  denominations — Presbyterian,  Methodist  and 
and  United  Brethren. 

ORION,  P.  V.,  in  the  town  of  Richmond,  Richland  county,  being 
town  9  N.,  of  range  1  E. 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER.  167 

OSBORN,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  Porter,  Rock  county,  on  section  31, 
town  4. 1ST.,  of  range  11  E. 

OSHAUKUTA,  P.  V.,  (Hill's  Corners),  on  section  10,  town  11  £T., 
of  range  9,  in  Columbia  county.  It  is  7  miles  from  Fort 
Winnebago,  and  30  miles  from  Madison.  Population  100, 
with  12  dwellings,  1  store,  1  hotel,  and  1  religious  denomi 
nation. 

OSCEOLA,  Town,  in  county  of  Fond  du  Lac,  being  town  14  N".,  of 
range  19  E.  It  has  3  school  districts. 

OSHKOSH,  Town,  in  county  of  Winnebago,  being  town  18  !N".,  of 
range  16  E. 

OSHKOSH,  P.  V.,  on  section  24  of  town  of  same  name,  and  county 
seat  of  Winnebago  county.  It  is  84  miles  north  from  Madison, 
8  miles  below  the  junction  of  Fox  and  Wolf  rivers,  and  where 
these  waters  empty  into  Lake  Winnebago.  The  State  Land 
Offices  are  located  at  ttiis  place.  Population,  2,500 ;  with  6 
hotels,  6  mills,  1  candle  factory,  1  foundry,  1  threshing  ma 
chine  factory,  3  butchers,  2  breweries,  1  pump  manufactory, 
2  barrel  and  2  waggon  shops,  1  shingle  and  2  sash  factories, 

1  tannery,   5  blacksmiths,   9  dry  goods,  1  drug,  2  hardware, 

2  clothing,  and  4  boot  and  shoe  stores,  10  groceries,  2  bakeries, 
5  warehouses,  1  book-bindery,  1  academy,  and  3  newspapers. 
There   are  3  religious  denominations — Episcopal,  Methodist 
and  Catholic. 

OSHTIGWAN,  Lake,  in  Marathon  county,  tributary  to  the  Little  Wis 
consin,  a  few  miles  above  its  mouth.  It  is  near  the  45°  30J 
north  latitude. 

OSHTIGWAN,  River,  near  the  outlet  of  Lake  of  the  same  name. 

OSSIN,  River,  rises  in  Washington  county,  and  runs  W.,  emptying 
into  Lake  Horicon,  in  Dodge  county. 

OTBEGO,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  same  name,  in  Columbia  county,  on 
section  22,  town  UN.,  of  range  HE. 


168  WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER. 

OTSEGO,  Town,  in  county  of  Columbia,  being  town  11  1ST.,  of  range 
11  W. ;  centrally  located,  15  miles  southeast  from  Portage. 
Population  in  1850  was  420.  It  has  5  school  districts. 

OTTAWA,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  same  name,  on  section  34,  Waukesha 
county. 

OTTAWA,  Town,  in  county  of  Waukesha,  being  town  6  N.,  of 
range  17  E. ;  centrally  located,  15  miles  west  from  Waukesha. 
Population  in  1850  was  793.  It  has  6  school  districts. 

OTTAWA,  Lake,  La  Pointe  county,  see  Lake  Court-eoreille. 

OTTER,  Greek,  a  branch  from  the  south  of  L'eau  Claire  river,  in 
town  27  K,  of  range  9  W. 

OTTKR,  Creek,  in  Bad  Ax  county,  is  a  small  tributary  of  Kickapoo 
river. 

OTTER,  Creek,  is  a  small  stream  rising  near  Mineral  Point,  in  Iowa 
county,  running  southerly,  emptying  into  the  Peckatonnica 
at  Otterborne,  in  the  northwest  corner  of  town  2  !N.,  of 
range  4  E. 

OTTER,  Creek,  rises  in  town  11  !N".,  of  range  8  E.,  and  running 
south,  enters  the  Wisconsin  about  4  miles  below  Lower  Sauk. 

OTTER,  Creek,  rises  in  the  town  of  Lima,  Rock  county,  and  runs 
northwest,  enters  Koskonong  lake. 

OTTER,  Lake,  is  a  small  lake  in  the  northeast  corner  of  the  town 
of  Sugar  Creek.  It  is  about  2  miles  long. 

OUTAGAMIE,  County,  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Oconto  and  a 
portion  of  Waupacca,  east  by  Brown,  south  by  Calumet  and 
Winnebago,  and  west  by  Waupacca,  and  is  24  miles  north 
and  south  by  27  miles  east  and  west.  It  was  established  Feb. 
17,  1851,  from  Brown,  to  which  it  remained  attached  for 
judicial  purposes  until  March  15,  1852,  when  it  was  com 
pletely  organized.  The  boundaries  were  denned  March  4, 
1852.  The  seat  of  justice  is  about  half  way  between  the 
villages  of  Appleton  and  Grand  Chute,  and  about  a  mile  from 
each.  The  general  surface  of  the  county  is  level  and  covered 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER.  169 

with  a  heavy  growth  of  timber,  such  as  maple,  elm,  ash  and 
hickory,  with  but  little  or  no  waste  lands.  The  soil  is  good, 
but  the  agricultural  existence  of  the  county  is  so  recent,  little 
can  be  said  of  its  capabilities.  All  the  crops  that  have  been 
tested  here  have  succeeded  beyond  the  expectations  of  the 
farmer.  The  population,  now  numbering  about  4,000,  is  com 
posed  of  good,  rural,  and  industrious  settlers,  mostly  from 
Xew  England  and  New  York.  It  is  watered  by  the  Lower 
Fox  on  the  southeast,  and  by  Wolf  river  on  the  west,  and 
Duck  Creek  on  the  northeast.  This  county  belongs  to  the 
fourth  judicial  circuit,  to  the  second  senate,  and  to  the  third 
congressional  districts,  and  with  Oconto,  constitutes  an  assem 
bly  district.  County  Officers  for  1853  and  1854:  Judge, 
Perry  II.  Smith  ;  Sheriff,  A.  B.  Everts ;  Clerk  of  Court,  H. 
S.  Eggleston  ;  Attorney,  A.  S.  Sanborn  ;  Register  of  Deeds, 
J.  S.  Buck ;  Clerk  of  Board  of  Supervisors,  G.  W.  Gregory ; 
Treasure]1,  Robert  Morrow;  Surveyor,  Chas.  Turner ;  Coroner, 
Patrick  Hunt. 

OXFORD,  Town,  in  county  of  Marquette,  being  town  15  N".,  of 
range  8. 

OZATTKEH,  C.  II.  &  P.  V.,  see  Port  Washington. 

OZAUKEE,  County,  was  set  off  from  Washington  at  the  session  of 
the  legislature  in  January  1853.  It  comprises  all  of  that  por 
tion  of  said  county  east  of  range  20.  For  a  description  of  this 
county,  see  Washington  county. 

PACKWAUKEE,  P.  V.,  on  section  20,  town  15  N.,  of  range  9  E.,  in 
Marquette  county,  35  miles  northwest  from  Dartford,  and  50 
miles  north  from  Madison.  It  is  situated  on  the  north  side  of 
Buffalo  Lake,  on  a  direct  line  from  Portage  to  Stevens' Point, 
18  miles  north  from  the  former  place.  Being  on  the  navigable 
waters  of  the  l^eenah  river,  it  is  supposed  that  this  place  will 
command  the  river  trade  of  a  large  portion  of  good  farming 
lands  in  Adams  and  Waushara  counties.  Population  300, 
with  75  dwellings,  3  stores,  2  hotels,  1  mill,  and  3  religious 
denominations. 


170  WISCONSIN7    GAZETTEER. 

PACKWAUKEE,  Town,  in  county  of  Marquette.     It  has  12  school 

districts. 
PAINT,  Creek,  a  branch  of  Chippewa  river  from  the  southeast,  in 

town  28  1ST.,  of  range  8,  in  Chippewa  county. 
PAKWEYORRA,  Lake,  a  widening  of  Chippewa  river  near  its  source. 

PALMYRA,  Town,  in  county  of  Jefferson,  being  town  5  N.,  of 
range  16  E. ;  centrally  located,  12  miles  southeast  from  Jef 
ferson.  Population  in  1850  was  997.  It  has  8  school  dis 
tricts. 

PALMYRA,  P.  V.,  on  section  22,  in  town  of  same  name,  15  miles 
southeast  from  Jefferson,  and  45  miles  southeast  from  Mad 
ison.  It  is  situated  on  Scupernong  creek,  on  the  M.  &  M.  R.  R. 
40  miles  from  Milwaukee.  It  has  a  fine  water  power,  and  is 
surrounded  by  a  good  farming  district,  comprising  prairies, 
openings,  and  wood  land. 

PALMYRA,  Lake,  a  small  lake  about  three  quarters  of  a  mile  south 
east  of  Palmyra  village,  in  Jefferson  county. 

PARDEEVILLE,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  Wyocena,  Columbia  county,  on 
Neenah  river,  in  section  3,  town  12  ~N.,  of  range  10  E. 

PARIS,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Kenosha  county,  being  in 
town  2  ~N.,  of  range  21  E. 

PARIS,  Town,  in  county  of  Kenosha,  being  town  2  JSL,  of  range 
21  E. ;  centrally  located,  10  miles  northwest  from  Kenosha. 
Population  in  1850  was  947.  It  has  9  school  districts. 

PARIS,   Town,  in  county  of  Grant,  being  town  2  ~N.,  range  2  W. ; 

centrally  located,  15  miles  southwest  from  Lancaster.    It  has 

4  school  districts. 
PATCH,  Diggings,  a  mining  town  in  Grant  county,  being  town  2 

N.,  of  range  1  W. 

PATCH  GROVE,  Town,  in  county  of  Grant,  being  all  of  said  county 
embraced  in  towns  5,  6,  and  7  N.,  of  range  5,  6,  and  7  W. ; 
centrally  located,  20  miles  northwest  from  Lancaster.  It  has 
11  school  districts. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  171 

PATCH  GROVE,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  same  name,  being  on  section  4, 
in  town  5  N.,  of  range  5  W.,  Grant  county. 

PATTENWELL,  Peak,  in  Adams  county,  on  west  bank  of  Wisconsin 
river,  in  town  18  N.,  of  range  4. 

PATRIDGE,  Lake,  is  about  4  miles  long  and  2  broad,  in  the  town 
of  Weyauwegan,  Waupacea  county,  its  outlet  being  at  Wolf 
river. 

PAU- WAI-CON,  Lake,  is  a  large  expansion  of  Wolf  river,  a  few  miles 
above  its  mouth.  It  is  about  10  miles  wide  from  east  to  west, 
and  3  miles  long. 

PECKATONICA,  Forks,  of  river  of  same  name,  at  Wiota. 

PECKATONICA,  River,  rises  a  few  miles  west  of  Mineral  Point, 
in  Iowa  county,  and  running  southeast  through  the  counties 
of  Lafayette  and  Green,  empties  into  Rock  river,  at  Rockton, 
Illinois. 

PEMENEE  (ELBOW)  Falls,  of  the  Menomonee  river.  At  this  place 
the  water  falls  about  9  feet  in  the  distance  of  800  feet ;  the 
water  is  contracted  to  50  feet  in  width. 

PENSAUKEE,  River,  rises  in  town  25  ~N.,  of  range  18  E.,  in  Oconto 
county,  and  runs  northeast,  entering  Green  Bay  in  town  7  N., 
of  range  21  E. 

PEN  YANN,  P.  0.,  in  the  county  of  Racine. 

PEQUOT,  P.  V.,  on  the  Brothertown  Reservation,  at  the  mouth  of 
a  small  stream  on  Lake  Winnebago,  in  Calumet  county,  about 
90  miles  northeast  from  Madison. 

PERRY,  Town,  in  county  of  Dane,  being  town  5  X.,  of  range  6  E. 
It  is  25  miles  southeast  from  Madison.  It  is  unorganized,  but 
attached  to  Primrose. 

PESHTIGO,  Shoals,  on  western  shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  at  the 
mouth  of  river  of  the  same  name. 

PESHTIGO,  River,  the  largest  tributary  of  Green  Bay,  between  the 
Menomonee  and  Neenah.  It  enters  the  Bay  about  half  way 
between  the  Oconto  and  Menomonee  rivers. 


172 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 


PEWAUKEE,  Town,  in  county  of  Waukesha,  being  town  1  N.,  of 
range  19  E. ;  centrally  located,  4  miles  north  of  Waukesha. 
Population  in  1850  was  1,093.  It  has  11  school  districts. 

PEWAUKEE,  P.  "F".,  on  section  9,  in  town  of  same  name,  in  Wauk 
esha  county ;  situated  at  the  foot  of  Pewaukee  Lake,  6  miles 
northwest  from  Waukesha,  on  the  Milwaukee,  Watertown, 
and  Madison  plank  road.  Population  120,  with  25  dwellings, 
2  stores,  2  hotels,  1  saw  mill,  1  flouring  mill,  tannery,  a 
Baptist  and  a  Congregational  church. 

PEWAUKEE,  Lake,  mostly  in  town  of  same  name,  in  Waukesha 
county,  is  about  5  miles  long  and  nearly  a  mile  wide.  It  is 
fed  mostly  by  springs,  and  discharges  its  waters  at  the  east 
end,  into  the  Pishtaka  river,  at  which  Pewaukee  village  and 
mills  are  located. 

PHEASANT  BRANCH,  P.  0.,  in  east  part  of  Middleton,  Dane  county, 
being  town  1  X.,  of  range  8  E. 

PHEASANT  BRANCH,  a  small  tributary  of  Fourth  Lake,  in  Middleton, 
Dane  county. 

PICKARDEE,  Creek,  enters  the  Mississippi  in  town  8  Ts".,  Crawford 
county. 

PIERCE,  Town.     A  new  town  in  county  of  La  Crosse. 

PIERCE,  County,  includes  all  that  part  of  St.  Croix  county  south 
of  the  north  line  of  town  27,  and  was  set  off  from  St.  Croix, 
March  16,  1853.  It  therefore  is  bounded  on  the  west  by  St. 
Croix  river,  by  which  it  is  separated  from  the  Territory  of 
Minnesota.  This  county  holds  out  very  great  inducements  to 
immigrants,  a  large  amount  of  the  500,000  acre  grant,  given 
by  Congress  to  the  State  for  schools,  is  in  this  county,  and  is 
sold  at  one  dollar  and  twenty-five  cents  per  acre,  the  settler 
being  allowed  thirty  years  pre-emption.  The  lands  are  about 
half  prairie  and  half  timber — the  prairies  a  black  loam,  pro 
ducing  as  great  a  yield  of  wheat,  oats,  corn,  and  other  grain, 
as  any  other  part  of  the  West.  The  timber  is  of  an  excellent 
quality,  oak,  ash,  butternut,  black  walnut,  sugar  maple,  &c. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  173 

Steam  boats  pass  up,  during  the  season  of  navigation,  near 
to  the  homes  of  the  inhabitants.  It  is  to  be  fully  organized 
at  once,  and  is  attached  to  the  sixth  judicial  circuit,  and  to 
the  same  representative  districts  as  St.  Croix,  Polk  and  La 
Pointe. 

PIERCEVILLE,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  Sun  Prairie,  Dane  county,  on  sec 
tion  26,  town  8  IS".,  of  range  11  E. 

PIGEON,  Creek,  rises  near  Lancaster,  and  enters  Grant  River  in 
Beetown,  Grant  county. 

PIGEON,  Creek,  is  a  small  stream  rising  in  Sheboygan  county, 
unites  with  Stony  Creek  in  Farmington,  Washington  county. 

PIGEON  GROVE,  P.  0.,  in  Columbia  county. 

PIKE,  River,  is  a  small  stream  rising  about  6  miles  west  of  the 
city  of  Kenosha,  taking  a  circuit  of  about  15  miles  to  the 
north,  enters  Lake  Michigan  at  Kenosha. 

/  O 

PIN  HOOK,  P.  0.,  in  Grant  county. 

PINE  BLUFF,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  Cross  Plains,  Dane  county,  town 

7  N.,  of  range  7  E. 

PINE,  Creek,  a  small  stream  uniting  with  Skillet  river,  enters  the 
Baraboo  river  about  3  miles  west  of  the  village  of  Baraboo. 

PINE,  Creek,  enters  the  Kickapoo  river  from  the  west,  in  Crawford 
county. 

PINE,  Lake,  is  a  small  lake  between  Red  Cedar  and  Birch  Lakes, 
in  Chippewa  county,  on  the  east  branch  of  Red  Cedar  river. 

PINE,  Lake,  a  widening  of  Red  Cedar  River,  below  Birch  Lake  on 
the  same. 

PINE,  Lake,  is  of  the  Oconomowoc  Group,  lying  in  the  south  part 
of  Merton,  Waukesha  county,  immediately  north  of  Naga- 
wicka,  and  of  the  same  size.  It  is  surrounded  by  scenery, 
which,  for  beauty,  is  unsurpassed,  while  the  land  is  excellent 
for  agricultural  purposes.  Several  beautiful  villas  have  been 
built  upon  its  borders. 


174  WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER. 

PINE  RIVER,  Town,  in  county  of  Waushara,  being  towns  19  and 
20,  of  range  13  E. 

PINE  RIVER,  P.  0.,  in  Waushara  county. 

PINE,  River,  rises  in  town  20  N.,  of  range  10  E.,  in  Waushara 
county,  and  running  east,  enters  the  west  end  of  Lake  Pau- 
waicun. 

PINE,  River,  rises  in  Bad  Ax  county,  and  runs  southerly  into  the 
Wisconsin  river,  at  the  range  line  between  ranges  1  and  2  E. 

PINE,  River,  a  tributary  from  the  north  of  St.  Croix  river,  La 
Pointe  county. 

PINE,  River,  (of  the  Menomonee),  see  Muskos  river. 

PINE  YALLEY,  Town,  in  county  of  La  Crosse,  being  all  of  said 
county,  between  towns  16  and  23  N. 

PIPE,  Creek,  rises  near  Dodge ville,  Iowa  county,  and  runs  north 
erly,  emptying  into  the  Wisconsin  river  at  Helena. 

PIKE,  Greek,  a  small  stream  entering  Lake  Michigan,  at  Kenosha. 

PIKE,  Lake,  in  town  27  E.,  of  Portage  county,  the  source  of  Big 
Plover  river. 

PIKE,  Lake,  a  small  lake  in  town  of  Hartford,  Washington  county. 
PISHTAKA,  River,  see  Fox  River  of  Illinois. 
PRIVABIK,  River,  of  Lake  Superior,  see  Iron  river. 

PLATTE,  Mounds,  two  conical  shaped  hills  on  either  side  east  and 
west  of  Belmont,  Lafayette  county,  about  12  miles  southwest 
from  Mineral  Point,  and  62  miles  from  Madison.  They  are 
three  miles  apart,  and  have  a  small  mound  half  way  between 
them. 

PLATTE,  River,  rises  in  Wingville,  Grant  county,  runs  southerly, 
and  empties  into  the  Mississippi,  in  Grant  county. 

PLATTEVILLE,  Town,  in  county  of  Grant,  being  town  3  ~N.,  of  range 
1  W. ;  centrally  located,  15  miles  southeast  from  Lancaster. 
It  has  8  school  districts. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

PLATTEVILLE,  P.  V.,  is  situated  near  the  Konntree  branch  of  Little 
Platte  river,  being  on  section  15,  town  3  N.,  of  range  1  W., 
16  miles  southeast  from  Lancaster,  and  70  southwest  from 
Madison.  It  is  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  some  excellent 
bodies  of  mineral.  It  was  settled  in  1827  by  General  John 
H.  Kountree,  and  a  post  office  was  established  in  1830.  The 
village  was  incorporated  in  1841,  and  contains  an  academy 
incorporated  in  1839.  Platteville  has  a  population  of  about 
1,200,  with  3  hotels,  2  smelting  furnaces,  a  large  academical 
building,  built  of  stone,  several  churches,  and  other  public 
buildings. 

PLEASANT  PRAIRIE,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Kenoslia  county, 
being  town  1  ~N.,  of  range  22  E. ;  centrally  located,  7  miles 
southwest  from  Kenosha.  Population  in  1850  was  959.  It  has 
9  school  districts. 

PLEASANT  SPRING,  Town,  in  county  of  Dane,  being  town  6  N.,  of 
range  11  E. ;  centrally  located,  12  miles  southeast  from 
Madison.  Population  in  1850  was  732.  It  has  6  school  dis 
tricts. 

PLOVER,  Town,  in  county  of  Portage,  being  town  23  N.,  of  ranges 

5,  6,  7,  8  and  9. 

PLOVER,  P.  V.  &  0.  H.,  on  section  22,  town  23  K,  of  range  8  E., 
in  town  of  same  name,  in  Portage  county,  being  the  county 
seat.  It  is  120  miles  northwest  from  Madison.  Population  200, 
with  35  dwellings,  2  stores,  2  hotels,  1  grist  and  1  saw  mill. 

PLUM,  Creek,  a  small  stream  in  Brown  county,  entering  Fox  river 
from  the  south  at  Bridgeport. 

PLUM,  Creek,  rises  in  town  26  !N".,  of  range  15  "W.,  in  Chippewa 
county,  runs  southeast  into  Chippewa  river. 

PLUM,  Creek,  empties  into  the  Kickapoo  river  from  the  west,  in 
Crawford  county. 

PLUM,  Island,  a  small  island  at  the  junction  of  Green  Bay  with 
Lake  Michigan,  south  of  Pottowottomee. 


176  WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER. 

PLYMOUTH,  Town,  in  county  of  Rock,  being  town  2  1ST.,  of  range 
11  E. ;  centrally  located,  10  miles  southwest  from  Janesville. 
Population  in  1850  was  511.  It  has  4  school  districts. 

PLYMOUTH,  P.  F",  in  county  of  Sheboygan,  being  on  section  22,  in 
town  of  same  name  15  1ST-,  of  range  21  E. 

PLYMOUTH,  Town,  in  county  of  Sheboygan,  being  town  15  £T.,  of 
range  21  E. ;  centrally  located,  12  miles  west  from  Sheboygan. 
It  has  8  school  districts. 

POINT,  Creek,  in  Manitowoc  county,  a  small  tributary  of  Lake 
Michigan,  into  which  it  empties  about  10  miles  southwest 
from  Manitowoc. 

POINT  DETOUR,  in  La  Pointe  county,  opposite  the  Twelve  Apostle 
Islands,  between  Chegwamegon  Bay  and  Bank  Pointe. 

POINTE  SABLE,  a  point  of  land  extending  into  Green  Bay,  in  north 
east  corner  of  town  24  N".,  of  range  21  E. 

POLK,  County.  By  an  act  of  the  legislature  approved  March  14, 
1853,  all  that  portion  of  St.  Croix  county  lying  north  of  the 
line  between  township  31  and  32,  was  set  off  into  a  separate 
county,  to  be  called  and  known  as  the  county  of  Polk.  It  is 
therefore  bounded  on  the  north  by  La  Pointe,  on  the  east  by 
Chippewa,  on  the  south  by  Chippewa  and  St.  Croix,  and  on 
the  west  by  the  Territory  of  Minnesota,  from  which  it  is  sepa 
rated  by  the  river  St.  Croix.  It  is  mostly  a  lumber  country, 
though  the  southern  part  contains  a  large  area  of  excellent 
farming  lands.  The  village  of  St.  Croix  Falls,  the  county  seat, 
situated  at  the  head  of  steamboat  navigation  on  St.  Croix  river, 
is  surrounded  with  excellent  agricultural  lands,  and  with  the 
business  naturally  centreing  there  of  the  extensive  pineries 
above,  must  be  a  town  of  considerable  importance.  This 
county  is  to  be  fully  organized  during  the  present  year,  and 
will  form  a  part  of  the  sixth  judicial  circuit.  The  representa 
tion  will  continue  as  before  the  division  of  St.  Croix. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  177 

POLK,  Town,  in  county  of  Washington,  being  town  ION.,  of  range 
19  E. ;  centrally  located,  20  miles  southwest  from  Ozaukee. 
Population  in  1850  was  1,344.  It  has  9  school  districts. 

POSTAGE,  County,  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Marathon,  on  the 
east  by  Waupacca,  on  the  south  by  Waushara  and  Adams, 
and  on  the  west  by  La  Oosse,  and  is  30  miles  north  and  south, 
by  54  miles  east  and  west.  It  was  set  off  from  Brown,  Dec.  7, 
1S36,  at  which  time  it  embraced  about  the  present  county  of 
Columbia.  By  an  act  of  the  legislature,  approved  March  14,. 
1841,  the  territory  forming  the  present  counties  of  Adams, 
Portage  and  Marathon  was  annexed  to  Portage  county,  which 
was  organized  for  county  purposes,  the  judicial  connection 
being  with  Dane.  The  county  seat  was  established  at  the 
"Wisconsin  Portage,  and  the  county  was  fully  organized  Jan. 
31,  1844;  as  now  organized,  it  does  not  contain  any  of  its 
original  limits.  The  eastern  boundary  of  the  county  was  ex 
tended  one  range  February  27,  1851.  Plover,  a  little  east  of 
the  centre  of  the  county,  is  the  seat  of  justice.  The  Wiscon 
sin  river  passes  about  centrally  through  the  county  from  the 
north,  and  with  its  branches  afford  many  good  water  powers 
which  are,  at  present,  chiefly  used  for  working  up  pine  tim 
ber,  with  forests  of  which  the  country  is  covered.  This  county 
is  connected  with  the  third  judicial  circuit,  and  with  the 
second  senate  and  second  congressional  districts,  and,  with 
Marathon,  sends  one  member  to  the  assembly.  The  popula 
tion,  as  organized  in  1840,  was  1,623;  1842,  646;  i  846,  931; 
1847,  1,504;  1850,  1,267.  At  the  last  date,  including  Mara 
thon,  there  were  13  farms,  30  manufactories,  and  28U  dwel 
lings.  County  Officers  for  1853:  Judge,  Enoch  S.  Bean; 
Sheriff,  Aaron  Drake ;  Clerk  of  Court,  C.  Shekels;  District 
Attorney,  Luther  Hanchett ;  Clerk  of  Board  of  Supervisors, 
Matthias  Mitchell ;  Treasurer,  Ames  M.  Dunton. 

PORTAGE  CITY,  P.  V.  &  0.  II.,  on  section  5  and  8  of  town  12  N"., 
of  range  9  E.,  in  Columbia  county.  It  is  40  miles  north  from 
Madison.  Population  2,000 ;  with  12  stores,  7  hotels,  1  steam 


178  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

saw  mill,  2  harness  makers,  4  waggon  makers,  6  blacksmiths, 
3  cabinet,  3  paint,  8  shoe,  3  tin  and  sheet  iron,  3  butchers, 
6  millinery  and  4  tailor's  shops,  2  breweries,  2  livery  stables, 
2  jewelry  stores,  2  drug  stores,  1  brick  yard,  1  iron  foundry,  1 
blind  and  sash  factory,  1  chair  factory  and  1  tannery;  12  law 
yers  and  5  doctors ;  3  district  and  2  select  schools ;  1  church 
building  and  2  denominations.  It  is  finely  situated  on  a  bluff 
between  the  Fox  and  Wisconsin  rivers  at  the  point  where 
they  are  connected  by  a  ship  canal.  The  Wisconsin  is  navi 
gable  to  this  place,  and  the  commerce  on  the  river  is  consider 
able  and  constantly  increasing.  Two  steamers  ply  constantly 
between  this  place  and  Galena  during  the  summer.  The 
number  of  mills  on  the  Wisconsin,  and  its  tributaries,  is  about 
100  ;  the  lumber  from  which  seeks  a  market  between  this 
place  and  St.  Louis.  The  amount  of  lumber  sent  below  is 
almost  beyond  calculation.  In  addition  to  which,  numerous 
mills  are  starting  on  the  river  at  different  points  below  the 
pinery,  and  logs  are  rafted  to  them.  The  amount  of  square 
timber  rafted  exceeds  millions  of  feet  annually,  shingles  and 
bolts,  lath,  pickets,  &c.  The  Wolf  river  pinery  is  beginning  to 
pour  its  vast  amounts  of  the  finest  lumber  in  the  State,  through 
the  Fox  river,  which  stream  also  is  navigable  for  small  steam 
boats.  When  the  projected  State  improvement  is  finished, 
inter-communication  will  be  established  between  the  upper 
Lake  country  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  the  carrying  trade 
will  produce  a  large  revenue  to  the  State.  The  importance 
of  Portage  City,  as  a  commercial  point,  is  beyond  doubt  very 
great.  It  commands  200  miles  north  where  the  pine  forests 
nourish  a  large  population,  and  are  continually  pouring  their 
products  south,  and  will  for  years  to  come. 

PORTAGE,  Lake-,  is  a  small  body  of  water  in  the  north  part  of  Ma 
rathon  county,  tributary  to  the  Chippewa  river. 

PORTAGE  PRAIRIE,  Town,  in  county  of  Columbia,  being  town  12 
N.,  of  range  12,  18  miles  east  of  Portage  city.  Population 
in  1850  was  455.  It  has  4  school  districts. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  179 

PORT  DES  MORTS,  see  Death's  Door. 

PORTER,  Town,  in  county  of  Rock,  being  town  4  N.,  range  11  E. ; 
centrally  located,  12  miles  northwest  from  Janesville.  Popu 
lation  in  1850  was  881.  It  has  7  school  districts. 

PORT  HOPE,  Town,  in  county  of  Columbia.  Population  in  1850 
was  603.  It  has  4  school  districts. 

PORT  HOPE,  P.  F".,  in  town  of  same  name,  on  section  3  on  the 
Neenah  river,  at  the  junction  of  French  creek,  7-J-  miles  north 
from  Portage  city,  and  48  miles  north  of  Madison,  at  the 
natural  head  of  steamboat  navigation  on  the  Neenah  river, 
and  on  the  stage  and  mail  route  from  Fort  Winnebago  to  the 
Wisconsin  pinery.  It  is  beautifully  located,  in  a  good  farm 
ing  district.  Population  about  30  ;  5  dwellings,  1  store,  1  hotel, 

I  Baptist,  and  an  organized  church  of  Methodists,  and  has  a 
good  hydraulic  power  unimproved. 

PORTLAND,  Town,  in  county  of  Dodge,  being  town  9  ]ST.,  of  range 
13  E. ;  centrally  located,  14  miles  southwest  from  Junea. 
Population  in  1850  was  523.  It  has  6  school  districts. 

PORT  WASHINGTON,  Town,  in  county  of  Washington,  being  town 

II  N.,  range  22  E.     See  Ozaukee.     Population  in  1850  was 
1,373.     It  has  5  school  districts. 

PORT  WASHINGTON,  "P".,  (Ozaukee  P.  0.),  on  section  28,  in  town 
of  same  name,  in  Ouzaukee  county.  It  is  the  county  seat, 
and  is  situated  80  miles  northeast  from  Madison,  on  the 
lake  shore,  half  way  between  Milwaukee  and  Sheboygan. 
Population,  2,500;  with  300  dwellings,  10  stores,  5  hotels, 
3  mills,  2  breweries,  1  foundry,  5  blacksmiths,  4  waggon- 
makers,  6  shoe-makers,  and  5  tailors'  shops ;  2  good  piers,  1 
church,  and  5  denominations. 

POPLAR,  Creek,  a  small  stream  in  the  eastern  part  of  Pewaukee, 
Waukesha  county,  being  a  tributary  to  the  Pishtaka. 

POPLAR,  .River,  a  tributary  of  Lake  Superior,  in  La  Pointe  county. 


180  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

POTOSI,  P.  F.,  on  section  34,  in  town  3,  of  range  3  W.,  12  miles 
south  of  Lancaster,  and  80  miles  southwest  from  Madison.  It 
is  at  the  head  of  a  ravine  about  2  miles  from  the  Mississippi 
river,  near  the  mouth  of  Grant  river,  and  embraces  the  town 
plats  of  Lafayette,  Van  Buren,  and  Dublin.  This  place  was 
formerly  known  as  Snake  Hollows,  at  which  improvements 
were  commenced  as  early  as  1836. 

POTOSI,  Town,  in  county  of  Grant,  being  fractional  town  2,  and 
town  3  N.,  of  range  3  W.  ;  centrally  located,  10  miles  south 
from  Lancaster.  It  has  8  school  districts. 

POTTAWOTTOMEE,  Island,  in  towns  33  and  34:  !N~.,  of  range  30  E.,  in 
Door  county ;  contains  about  35  square  miles. 

POTTER,  Lake,  a  small  lake  in  the  east  part  of  East  Troy,  "Walworth 
county. 

POWACK,  Lake,  a  small  body  of  water  in  the  northern  part  of  the 
town  of  Muskego,  in  Waukesha  county. 

POYNETTE,  P.  F.,  on  section  34,  town  11  N.,  of  range  9  E.,  in 
Columbia  county,  12  miles  south  from  Portage  city,  and  21 
miles  north  from  Madison.  It  is  situated  in  a  rich  farming 
district  of  cultivated  lands,  on  Ockee  creek,  and  has  a  good 
hydraulic  power  unimproved.  It  contains  150  inhabitants,  32 
dwellings,  1  store,  and  1  hotel. 

PRAIRIE  DU  CHIEN,  P.  F.  &  C.  IL,  is  situated  on  section  6,  town  6 
E".,  of  range  6  W.,  upon  an  elevated  prairie,  averaging  one 
mile  in  width,  and  is  about  8  miles  in  length,  extending  from 
the  mouth  of  the  Wisconsin  river,  northward,  along  the  bank 
of  the  Mississippi.  It  has  one  of  the  best  landings  on  the 
river,  is  very  healthy ;  and  all  who  have  visited  the  place 
concur  in  the  opinion  that  its  location  gives  it  a  commanding 
commercial  importance. 

PRAIRIE  DU  CHIEN,  Town,  in  county  of  Crawford,  including  the 
same.  Population  in  1850  was  1,407.  It  has  14  school  dis 
tricts. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  181 

POYSIPPI,  P.  0.,  in  Waupacca  county. 

PRAIRIE  nu  LAC,  (Lake  Prairie),  is  a  large  prairie  in  Eock  county, 

near  the  foot  of  Lake  Koskonong. 

PRAIRIE  DU  SAC,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Sauk  county,  on 
section  36,  town  10  !N".,  of  range  6  E. 

PRAIRIE  DU  SAC,  Town,  in  county  of  Sauk,  south  of  Baraboo.  It 
has  5  school  districts. 

PRAIRIE  LA  CROSSE,  is  the  name  given  to  the  beautiful  prairie  at 
the  mouth  of  La  Crosse  river,  it  was  formerly  an  Indian  trading 
station,  and  was  frequented  by  them  for  the  purpose  of  play 
ing  their  favorite  game  of  ball,  from  which  fact  the  river  now 
known  as  La  Crosse  river,  derived  its  original  name  of  Ball 
river. 

PRAIRIE  LA  CROSSE,   Village,  see  La  Crosse  P.  V. 

PRATT'S,  Creek,  rises  in  the  north  part  of  town  of  Oak  Grove,  in 
Dodge  county,  and  runs  southwest,  emptying  into  the  Craw 
fish,  in  the  town  of  Shields. 

PRESCOTT,  Town,  (formerly  Elizabeth),  in  county  of  Peirce,  being 
all  of  said  county,  south  of  town  27  N".  It  is  southeast  of 
Willow  river. 

PRESCOTT ,  P.  V.  &  C.  II.,  of  the  new  county  of  Peirce.  It  is  at  the 
junction  of  the  St.  Croix  and  Mississippi,  having  a  number  of 
public  houses,  stores,  warehouses,  <fec.  It  must  eventually 
be  an  important  depot  for  the  St.  Croix  and  its  tributaries,  as 
well  as  for  Minnesota. 

PRIDEALX  FORK,  Greek,  a  branch  of  Grant  river  from  the  north 
west,  in  Beetown,  Grant  county. 

PRIMROSE,  P.  V.,  on  section  9,  in  town  of  same  name,  Dane  county; 
22  miles  southwest  of  Madison.  It  contains  250  inhabitants, 
50  dwellings,  1  store,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Freewill  Baptist 
church. 

18 


182  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

PRIMROSE,  Town,  in  county  of  Dane,  being  town  5  IS".,  of  range 
8  E. ;  centrally  located,  18  miles  southwest  from  Madison.  It 
has  6  school  districts. 

PRINCETON,  P.  V.,  in  Marquette  county,  being  on  section  24,  town 
16  N.,  of  range  11  E. ;  10  miles  from  Montello. 

PRINCETON,  (formerly  Pleasant  Valley),  in  Marquette  county. 

PROSPECT  HILL,  P.  I7!,  on  section  '29  of  New  Berlin,  Waukesha 
county.  It  is  6  miles  from  Waukesha,  and  70  miles  southeast 
from  Madison,  at  the  junction  of  the  Milwaukee  and  Janes- 
ville  plank  road  with  the  Racine  and  Waukesha  stage  route. 
It  has  40  inhabitants,  6  dwellings,  1  store,  1  tavern,  and  a 
steam  grist  and  steam  saw  mill,  1  blacksmith  and  1  waggon 
shop. 

PUCKAWAY,  Lake,  in  Marquette  county,  is  an  expansion  of  the 
Neenah  river,  about  2  miles  wide,  and  7  miles  long. 

PULASKI,  Town,  in  county  of  Iowa,  being  towns  8  N.,  of  ranges 
1  and  2 ;  centrally  located,  10  miles  northwest  from  Mineral 
Point.  It  has  3  school  districts. 

PULASKI,  P.  T^..  in  town  of  same  name,  in  northwest  corner  of 
Iowa  county,  on  the  Wisconsin  river. 

PYKI,  River  and  Lake,  upper  tributaries  of  St.  Oroix  river,  in  La 
Pointe  county. 

QUAVER,  Rapids,  on  Menomonee  river,  between  Sturgeon  and 
Pemenee  Falls. 

QUITQUIOC,  Village,  is  situated  upon  the  Mullet  river,  a  branch 
of  the  Sheboygan  and  in  the  township  of  Plymouth,  county 
of  Sheboygan.  It  contains  a  fine  hotel,  a  saw  mill,  several 
stores,  blacksmith  shops,  &c.  The  river,  upon  which  it  is 
located,  is  named  after  General  Mullet,  and  not,  as  many 
suppose,  from  the  species  of  fish  of  that  name.  The  amount 
of  attention  which  this  village  has  received  from  the  legis 
lature,  and  the  peculiarity  of  its  name,  have  given  it  an 
importance  which  it  would  not  otherwise  have  attained. 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER.  183 

Etymologists  have  puzzled  their  heads  very  much  over  the 
word  Quitquioc.  By  some  it  has  been  supposed  to  be  a  corrup 
tion  of  hie,  haec,  hoe,  but  this,  like  many  other  suggestions 
from  the  same  source,  is  too  absurd  to  merit  consideration. 
The  real  derivation  of  the  word  is  from  the  Menornonee, 
Quitlztlqueouowouwoc,  which  signifies  a  sulphur  or  mineral 
spring.  A  spring  of  this  character  is  said  to  exist  there,  and 
this,  together  with  the  romantic  beauty  of  the  scenery  in 
that  vicinity — it  being  upon  the  border  of  that  belt  of  Moraines 
denominated  the  "  Potash  Kettles*' — may  make  it  hereafter 
the  Saratoga  of  Wisconsin. 

RACCOON,  River,  in  Bad  Ax  county,  head  waters  in  the  south  part 
of  La  Crosse  county,  runs  southwest,  and  empties  into  the 
Mississippi  in  town  14  X. 

RACINE,  City,  is  situated  on  the  western  shore  of  Lake  Michigan, 
at  the  mouth  of  Root  river,  and  comprises  fractional  sections 
9  and  16  of  town  3  N.,  of  range  23  E.  It  was  first  settled  in 
1835,  incorporated  as  a  village  in  1841,  and  received  a  city 
charter  in  184S.  The  city  is  principally  built  upon  a  plain  or 
table  hind  elevated  some  thirty  or  forty  feet  above  the  waters 
of  the  lake,  forming  a  beautiful  site  for  a  city.  It  is  laid  out 
in  regular  lots  and  blocks  with  wide  streets,  and  is  justly  en 
titled  to  the  appellation  of  "La  Belle  City  of  the  Lakes."  It 
is  the  county  town  of  Racine  county,  situated  16  miles  north 
of  the  State  line,  and  25  south  of  Milwaukee.  Its  beautiful 
and  healthful  location,  combined  with  its  commercial  ad 
vantages,  early  attracted  the  attention  of  adventurers  and 
capitalists ;  and  it  has  had  a  rapid,  continuous,  and  healthv 
growth,  as  will  be  seen  by  the  following  statement  of 
annual  enumeration  of  its  inhabitants:  In  1810  the  popu 
lation  was  337;  1844,  1,100;  1847,  3,004;  1849,  4,002; 
1850,  5,111;  1851,  5.^97;  and  it  is  now  supposed  to  be 
nearly  7,000.  Racine  has  one  of  the  best,  if  not  the  very 
best  harbor  on  the  western  shore  of  the  lake.  Over  $60,000 


184  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

have  been  expended  in  its  construction  by  the  citizens,  of  their 
own  means,  raised  by  voluntary  taxation.  This  enterprize  is 
justly  considered  one  of  the  most  important  ever  projected 
and  carried  out  to  a  successful  completion  by  so  small  a 
community,  and  furnishes  a  fair  index  to  the  character  of  her 
population  for  enterprize.  In  addition  to  the  amount  raised 
by  this  means,  Congress  has  appropriated  $12,500,  which 
has  been  expended,  and  $10,000  are  now  appropriated  to  be 
expended  the  present  season.  The  harbor  is  now  sufficient  to 
accommodate  the  entire  shipping  of  the  lake,  and  being  pro 
tected  by  the  high  banks  of  the  river  is  entirely  safe.  The  city 
of  Racine  is  also  distinguished  among  western  towns  for  the 
number  and  beauty  of  its  public  buildings.  Over  $125,000 
are  now  invested  in  them.  Fourteen  churches  have  been 
erected,  to  wit :  1  Presbyterian,  1  Congregational,  1  Baptist, 
1  Freewill  Baptist,  1  Episcopal,  1  Methodist,  1  Lutheran,  2 
Welch,  1  German  Evangelical,  1  German  Lutheran,  1  Uni- 
versalist,  2  Catholic — 1  German  and  1  Irish.  Eacine  college, 
an  Episcopal  institution,  is  located  at  this  point,  A  beautiful 
college  ediiice,  of  brick,  has  been  erected,  which,  together 
with  the  college  grounds,  are  valued  at  $15,000.  This  amount 
wac  contributed  by  the  citizens.  The  institution  is  under  the 
management  of  Rev.  Roswell  Park,  D.  D.  The  first  session 
of  the  college  commenced  last  fall,  and  now  numbers  over 
20  pupils.  The  board  of  education  of  the  city  are  now  en 
gaged  in  erecting  a  central  high  school  edifice  for  the  more 
advanced  scholars  of  the  common  schools.  The  building  and 

O 

furniture  cost  $6,000,  exclusive  of  the  lot.  The  facilities 
afforded  by  the  harbor  and  other  commercial  advantages  of 
the  place,  have  attracted  a  large  amount  of  capital.  There  are 
ten  warehouses  in  the  city  valued  at  $53,000,  and  two  bridge 
piers  valued  at  $7,000.  Three  ship  yards  are  constantly  em 
ployed  in  the  building  and  repairing  of  vessels,  and  five  new 
vessels  are  now  being  built  in  them.  The  citizens  of  the  city 
own  in  whole,  or  in  part,  between  thirty  and  forty  different 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  185 

vessels,  with  a  tonnage  of  over  4,000  tons,  consisting  of  pro 
pellers,  schooners,  brigs  and  sloops,  which  are  engaged  in 
the  carrying  trade  between  the  upper  and  lower  lakes,  and  in 
the  lumber  trade  on  lake  Michigan-  There  are  now  126  mercan 
tile  stores  in  the  various  branches,  1  steam  flouring  mill  with 
four  run  of  stone,  and  2  water  mills  just  out  of  the  limits  of 
the  corporation ;  there  are  7  different  mechanics  shops,  with 
steam  engines  and  their  furnaces.  The  bank  of  Racine  is  in 
successful  operation,  issuing  bills  and  doing  a  general  banking 
business.  There  are  3  plank  roads  extending  into  the  country 
from  the  city — the  Racine  and  Rock  River  road,  leading  west 
through  the  villages  of  Rochester,  Burlington,  Spring  Prairie, 
Elkhorn  and  Delavan,  a  distance  of  56  miles,  completed — the 
Racine  and  Raymond  road,  leading  northwest  from  the  city 
15  miles,  nearly  completed — and  the  Racine  and  Wilmot  road 
leading  southwest,  a  distance  of  16  miles,  now  in  process  of 
construction.  Speed's  and  O'Reilly's  telegraph  lines  both  have 
offices  in  the  city,  and  the  Racine  and  Rock  River  telegraph 
company  have  a  line  completed  from  Racine  to  Beloit,  touch 
ing  at  all  the  intermediate  villages.  The  Racine,  Janesville, 
and  Mississippi  rail  road  has  been  surveyed  and  located  from 
Racine  to  Beloit,  and  the  contracts  are  now  let  for  the  whole 
distance  and  the  work  in  process  of  construction,  and  will  be 
completed  by  September  1854.  Considering  the  natural  ad 
vantages  of  Racine — its  importance  as  a  commercial  point— 
the  character  and  enterprize  of  its  inhabitants — its  institutions 
of  learning — its  size,  being  second  only  to  Milwaukee  in 
population  among  the  places  of  the  State — and,  above  all,  its 
beautiful  and  healthful  location — no  place  in  the  State  offers 
more  inducements  to  those  seeking  a  home  in  the  West, 
either  as  a  pleasant  residence  or  a  place  of  business. 

RACINE,  College,  was  chartered  by  the  legislature  in  1852,  and  is 
located  in  the  city  of  Racine,  where  fine  college  buildings 
have  been  erected.  It  is  the  diocesan  college  of  the  Protes 
tant  Episcopal  church  of  Wisconsin. 


ISO  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

RACINE,  County,  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Waukesha  and  Mil 
waukee,  on  the  east  by  the  State  line  in  Lake  Michigan,  on 
the  south  by  Kenosha,  and  on  the  west  by  Walworth.  It 
was  organized  from  the  limits  of  Milwaukee  Dec.  7,  1836. 
The  seat  of  justice  is  at  the  city  of  Racine,  on  the  lake  shore. 
This  county  has  a  proper  proportion  of  prairie  and  timber, 
and  is  well  adapted  to  agriculture.  Its  productions  are  various. 
Besides  other  branches  of  agriculture,  the  raising  of  fruit  and 
keeping  of  cattle  and  sheep  are  successfully  carried  on.  There 
is  also  a  large  amount  of  capital  profitably  employed  in 
various  branches  of  manufacture.  A  large  portion  of  the 
county  is  well  settled  and  improved.  Though  small  in  extent, 
it  possesses  advantages  unsurpassed  by  any  county  in  the 
State.  Its  soil  is  well  adapted  to  all  the  products  of  the 
climate,  and  being  contiguous  to  the  lake,  it  has  good  and 
convenient  markets  both  at  Racine  and  other  lake  ports.  Its 
principal  streams  are  O'Plaine  and  Root  rivers.  It  is  in  the 
first  judicial  circuit,  the  first  congressional  district,  and  forms 
the  seventh  senate  district,  and  sends  four  members  to  the 
assembly,  as  follows  :  1.  City  of  Racine  ;  2.  Towns  of  Racine, 
Mount  Pleasant  and  Caledonia  ;  3.  Towns  of  Yorkville,  Dover, 
Raymond  and  Xorway ;  4.  Towns  of  Burlington  and  Roches 
ter.  The  population  in  1838  was  2,054;  1840,3,475;  1842 
6,318;  1846,  17,983;  1847,  19.583;  1850,  14,971.  It  has  947 
farms,  2,578  dwellings,  and  99  manufactories. 

RACINE,  Town,  in  county  of  Racine,  being  fractional  towns  3  and 
4  N.,  of  range  23  E.,  in  which  is  located  the  city  of  same 
name.  The  population  of  the  town  in  1850  was  777.  It  has 
7  school  districts. 

RANDOLPH,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Columbia  county,  on 
section  24,  town  13  X.,  of  range  12  E. 

RANDOLPH,  Town,  in  county  of  Columbia,  being  town  13  N".,  of 
range  .12  E. ;  centrally  located,  18  miles  northeast  from  Port 
age  city.  Population  in  1850  was  618.  It  has  5  school  dis 
tricts. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  187 

RANDOM,  Lake,  see  Cold  Spring  lake,  Washington  county. 

RAPID?:  DE  CROCHE,  Rapids,  of  the  Neenah  river,  4  miles  below  the 
Grand  Kaukalin.  At  this  place  the  river  has  a  descent  of  a 
little  over  a  foot  in  1,300  feet,  arcl  there  is  a  very  short  elbow 
in  the  river,  making  the  natural  navigation  very  difficult. 

RASPBERRY,  River,  (Fromboise),  enters  Lake  Superior,  opposite 
the  island  scalled  the  Twelve  Apostles,  in  La  Pointe  county,  15 
miles  west  from  Isle  St.  Michael,  and  6  east  from  Sandy  river. 

RATHBUN,  P.  V.,  in  county  of  Sheboygan,  being  in  the  town  of 

Mitchell,  town  14  N.,  of  range  20  E. 
RAT,  River,  is  an  eastern  tributary  of  "Wolf  river. 

RATTLE  SNAKE,  Creek,  a  branch  of  Grant  river,  from  the  west,  in 
Grant  county. 

RATTLE  SNAKE,  Diggings,  in  town  4  !N".,  of  ranges  4  and  5  west, 
in  Grant  county. 

RAYMOND,  Town,  in  county  of  Racine,  being  town  4  !N".,  of  range 
21  E. ;  centrally  located,  12  miles  northwest  from  Racine. 
Population  in  1850  was  820.  It  has  7  school  districts. 

RAYMOND,  P.  "F".,  on  section  10  of  town  of  same  name,  in  Racine 
county,  15  miles  northwest  from  the  city  of  Racine,  and  90 
miles  southeast  from  Madison.  Population,  600;  with  150 
dwellings,  1  store,  1  hotel,  and  Baptist  and  Congregational 
churches. 

READLAXD,  residence  of  Hon.  Geo.  Read  McLane,  on  the  border 
of  Pine  Lake,  in  towns  of  Merton  and  Delafield,  Waukesha 
county. 

RED  CEDAR,  Lake,  is  the  lowermost  lake  on  the  east  branch  of  Red 
Cedar  river. 

RED  CEDAR,  Lake,  is  about  one  mile  west  from  the  centre  of  the 
town  of  Oakland,  Jefferson  county,  and  covers  an  area  of  over 
500  acres.  It  is  about  one  mile  south  of  Ripley  lake,  in  the 
same  town  and  county.  It  empties,  through  a  small  stream 
running  southeasterly,  into  Lake  Koskonong. 


188  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

RED,  Banks,  name  given  to  the  south  shore  of  Green  Bay,  in  town 
25  K,  of  range  22  E. 

RED,  Iti/ver,  in  Door  county,  enters  Green  Bay,  in  town  26  "N. 

REEDSBURGH,  Town,  in  county  of  Sank,  being  all  of  said  county, 
in  towns  11,  12,  and  13  N.,  of  ranges  2,  3,  and  4;  centrally 
located,  west  from  Baraboo.  It  has  5  school  districts. 

REEDSBURG,  P.  V.,  near  the  geographical  centre  of  Sauk  county, 
on  section  10,  town  12  N.,  of  range  4  E.,  18  miles  northwest 
from  Baraboo,  and  50  miles  northwest  from  Madison.  It  is 
surrounded  by  good  farming  lands,  abounding  in  mineral 
wealth  of  iron  and  copper  ore.  Population  250,  with  60 
dwellings,  4  stores,  1  hotel,  4  mills,  and  4  religious  denomi 
nations. 

RHINE,  Toivn,  in  county  of  Sheboygan,  being  town  16  ~N.,  of  range 
21  E. ;  centrally  located,  northwest  from  Sheboygan,  arid  was 
organized  in  1852.  It  has  6  school  districts. 

RICHFIELD,  Town,  in  county  of  Washington,  being  town  9  N".,  of 
range  19  E. ;  centrally  located,  22  miles  southwest  from  Ozau- 
kee.  Population  in  1850  was  869.  It  has  14  school  districts. 

RICHLAND,  County,  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Bad  Ax  arid  Sank, 
on  the  east  by  Sauk,  on  the  south  by  Iowa,  and  on  the  west  by 
Bad  Ax  and  Crawford,  and  is  about  24  miles  square.  It  con 
tains  16  townships  in  a  square  form,  and  some  fractional  ones 
on  the  Wisconsin  river,  which  constitutes  its  southern  bound 
ary.  It  was  set  off  from  Iowa  county  15th  Feb.  1S42,  remain 
ing  attached  thereto  for  judicial  purposes  until  Feb.  7,  1850. 
The  seat  of  justice  has  been  established  at  Richland  Centre. 
The  county  is  connected  with  the  second  congressional  dis 
trict,  the  fifth  judicial  circuit,  and  the  fifteenth  senate  district, 
and  constitutes  an  assembly  district.  It  is  divided  into  five 
towns,  as  follows: — Buena Vista  on  the  east  side,  comprising 
towns  9,  10,  11,  12  K,  of  range  2  E.,  and  one  tier  of  sections 
from  the  east  side  of  town  9  ]SL,  of  range  1  E. —  Richland, 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  189 

town  10  N".,  of  range  1  E. — Rockbridge,  town  12  N.  of  range 
1  E.,  and  11  and  12  N".  of  range  1  W.— Richwood,  town  9, 
10,  11,  and  12  X.  of  range  2  "W.,  and  2  tiers  of  sections  from 
the  west  side  of  towns  9  and  10,  of  range  1  W. — Richmond, 
4  eastern  tiers  of  sections  from  towns  9  and  10,  of  range  1  W., 
and  5  tiers  of  sections  from  the  western  part  of  town  9  N".,  of 
range  1  E.  There  are  4  considerable  mill  streams  running 
from  north  to  south  through  the  count j,  emptying  into  the 
Wisconsin — Bear  Creek,  in  the  east  part — Pine  Ri\7er,  run 
ning  through  the  central — Eagle  Creek,  more  westerly — and 
Knajip's  Creek,  in  the  extreme  west.  These  streams,  with 
their  tributaries,  supply  the  county  abundantly.  The  water 
is  invariably  soft.  There  are  some  pretty  prairies  surrounded 
by  groves  of  heavy  timber.  The  face  of  the  country  is  diver 
sified  by  hills  and  valleys.  Fishes — pike,  pickeral,  codfish, 
mullet,  suckers,  and  speckled  trout  are  in  abundance.  Plenty 
of  the  best  timber  such  as  maple,  butternut,  walnut,  bass,  ash, 
elm  and  oak  of  different  kinds,  with  pine  and  poplar.  Lead 
and  copper  have  been  discovered  in  the  southern  part.  A 
marble  quarry  has  been  opened  in  the  valley  of  the  Bear 
Creek.  All  the  stone  is  found  in  quarries — none  scattered  on 
the  surface.  There  are  many  large  tracts  of  well-watered  and 
rich  land  in  the  county — hence  the  name.  The  county  is  set 
tling  rapidly  with  an  intelligent  and  enterprizing  population, 
almost  wholly  Americans.  Its  agricultural,  mineral  and  lum 
bering  resources,  together  with  its  proximity  to  an  extensive 
mining  country,  and  its  facilities  for  market,  serve  as  great 
inducements  to  settlement  and  cultivation.  There  are  many 
thriving  villages.  Perhaps  there  is  no  greater  natural  curiosity 
in  the  West  than  the  natural  bridge  of  the  Pine  river,  located 
on  the  middle  of  the  northwest  quarter  of  section  10,  town  11 
N.,  of  range  1.  It  is  a  rock  from  40  to  60  feet  high,  and  over 
Is  miles  long,  and  extends  into  a  level  country,  with  a  beau 
tiful  arch,  sufficiently  large  for  the  waters  of  the  Pine  river 
in  times  of  flood.  The  rock  is  solid  for  30  "feet  above  the 


190  WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER. 

water,  and  is  covered  with  a  beautiful  grove  of  thrifty  pines. 
It  is  a  species  of  sand  stone,  four  rods  wide  and  perpendicular 
(except  where  it  projects  over)  its  entire  length.  This  forms 
a  great  water  power,  and  also  shelter  for  man  and  beast.  The 
Indians  used  to  assemble  here  in  great  numbers  to  worship, 
the  chief  or  principal  speaker  standing  upon  the  top  of  the 
rock  whilst  his  audience  remained  below.  Another  curiosity 
is  a  warm  cave,  which  sends  forth  a  warm  current  of  air  at 
all  seasons.  Population  in  1850  was  903,  now  about  3,000 ; 
with  76  farms,  175  dwellings,  and  4  manufactories. 

HIGHLAND,  P.  V.  and  C.  IL,  is  the  county  seat  of  Richland,  being 
in  town  10,  of  range  1  E.  It  is  7  miles  above  Sextonville, 
on  Pine  Creek,  situated  on  a  prairie,  surrounded  by  beautiful 
groves  and  shade  trees.  It  possesses  an  excellent  water 
power,  and  mills  are  being  erected. 

RICHLAND  CITY,  P.  V.,  on  the  north  side  of  Wisconsin  river,  at 
the  mouth  of  Pine  creek,  Richland  county.  It  has  a  good 
landing,  the  banks  being  about  four  feet  above  high  water. 
It  is  a  very  nourishing  village,  and  in  a  good  section  of  farm 
ing  lands. 

RICHMOND,  P.O.,  in  town  of  same  name,  "Wai worth  county,  being 
in  town  3  IS".,  of  range  15  E. 

RICHMOND,  Village,  late  county  seat  of  Richland  county,  on  bank 
of  the  Wisconsin  river. 

RICHMOND,  Town,  in  county  of  Wai  worth,  being  town  3  N.,  of 
range  15  E. ;  centrally  located,  8  miles  northwest  from  Elk- 
horn.  Population  in  1850  was  756.  It  has  9  school  dis 
tricts. 

RICHMOND,  Town,  in  county  of  Richland.  For  bounds  see  Rich- 
land  county.  It  has  7  school  districts. 

RICHWOOD,  Town,  in  county  of  Richland.  It  has  2  school  districts. 
For  bounds,  see  Richland  county. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  191 

RIDGEWAY,  Town*  in  county  of  Iowa,  being  part  of  towns  5,  6  and 
7  K,  of  ranges  3,  4  and  5  E. ;  centrally  located,  northeast 
from  Mineral  Point.  It  has  8  school  districts.  It  is  on  the 
east  side  of  the  county,  and  embraces  one  of  the  Blue  Mounds 
and  also  Porter's  Grove.  A  small  village,  called  Mouridville, 
lies  at  the  foot  of  the  mounds.  Both  prairie  and  timber  meet 
the  eye  in  every  direction.  It  is  abundantly  watered  by 
springs  and  streams. 

RIDGEWAY,  P.  Y.,  on  section  14,  town  6  !N".,  of  range  4E.,  in  Iowa 
county;  14  miles  northeast  from  Mineral  Point,  and  35  miles 
west  from  Madison.  It  has  1  store,  3  hotels,  1  grist  and  1 
saw  mill ;  1  Presbyterian,  1  Methodist,  and  1  Congregational 
church.  It  is  in  a  well- watered  region  and  of  good  soil. 

RIPLEY,  Lake,  is  near  the  northwest  corner  of  the  town  of  Oakfield, 
Jefferson  county.  It  is  nearly  2  miles  long,  and  covers  nearly 
500  acres.  Its  waters  run  westerly  into  Dane  county,  and 
thence  southeast  into  Lake  Koskonong. 

KIPON,  P.  V.,  on  section  21,  town  16  X.,  of  range  14  E.,  in  Fond 
du  Lac  county,  22  miles  west  from  Fond  du  Lac,  and  64  miles 
northeast  from  Madison  ;  on  inlet  to  Green  Lake,  which  falls 
100  feet  in  distance  of  one  mile.  Water  power  is  improved  to 
half  its  capacity.  Brockway  college,  a  Presbyterian  institu 
tion,  is  located  at  this  place.  There  are  Episcopal,  Methodist, 
and  Presbyterian  congregations.  There  are  sash,  chair,  cabinet 
and  woollen  factories.  At  this  point  the  following  highways 
cross  each  other : — from  Watertown  to  Fox  River  and  the 
Menomonee  country — from  Madison  to  Oshkosh  and  Green 
Bay — and  from  Fond  du  Lac  to  La  Crosse. 

RISING,  Prairie ?,  is  east  of  Beaver  Dam,  in  Dodge  county. 

ROARING,  Creek,  emptying  into  Lake  Pepin,  a  small  stream  in 
Chippewa  county. 

ROBINSON'S,  Creek,  a  small  tributary  from  the  east,  in  La  Crosse 
county,  of  Black  river,  into  which  it  enters,  being  in  town 
20  K,  of  range  4  W. 


192  WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER. 

ROCHE- A-GRIS,  River,  rises  in  northeast  corner  of  Adams  county, 
arid  runs  southwest,  emptying  into  the  Wisconsin,  in  town 

18  K 

ROCHESTER,  P.  J7!,  in  town  of  same  name,  Racine  county,  on  sec 
tions  2  and  11 ;  it  is  23  miles  west  from  Racine  and  75  miles 
southeast  from  Madison,  at  the  junction  of  the  Muskego  and 
Fox  rivers,  and  has  a  good  water  power  on  each  river,  both 
of  which  are  improved  and  have  machinery  in  operation  on 
them.  It  is  on  the  Racine  and  Rock  River  plank  road.  The 
plank  road  from  Racine  intersects  the  Racine  plank  road,  and 
terminates  at  this  place.  It  has  a  daily  eastern  and  western 
mail,  and  weekly  mails  from  "Waukesha  and  Milwaukee.  The 
place  is  surrounded  by  a  rich  farming  country,  settled  by  an 
intelligent  and  enterprising  population.  It  contains  about  500 
inhabitants,  with  62  dwellings,  6  stores,  3  hotels,  3  mills,  2 
plough,  2  harness,  1  boot  and  shoe,  1  fanning  mill,  1  waggon 
and  carriage,  and  1  tin  and  copper  shops,  1  foundry,  and  1 
saleratus  factory ;  1  Presbyterian  church,  and  2  good  school 
houses. 

ROCHESTER,  Town,  in  county  of  Racine,  being  town  4N".,  of  range 

19  E. ;  centrally  located,  24  miles  northwest  from  Racine. 
Population  in  1850  was  1,672.     It  has  11  school  districts. 

ROCKBRIDGE,  Town,  in  county  of  Richland.  It  has  5  school  dis 
tricts.  For  bounds,  see  Riehland  county. 

ROCK,  County,  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Dane  and  Jefferson,  on 
the  east  by  Walworth,  on  the  south  by  the  State  of  Illinois, 
and  on  the  west  by  Green.  The  county  seat  is  at  Jane&>ville, 
on  Rock  river.  It  was  set  off  from  Milwaukee,  Dec.  7,  1836, 
and  fully  organized  Feb.  19,  1839.  The  county  is  about 
equally  divided  between  prairie  and  oak  openings,  with  no 
large  bodies  of  heavy  timber.  It  is  situated  on  both  sides  of 
Rock  river,  the  valley  of  which  is  as  rich  soil  as  can  be  found 
in  any  part  of  the  country.  The  prairies  are  some  of  them 
quite  large,  but  beautifully  undulating,  and  productive  in  the 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER.  193 

highest  degree,  and  are  being  settled  and  cultivated  to  the 
very  centre.  The  different  varieties  of  soil — upland,  bottom 
land,  prairie  and  openings,  afford  facilities  for  cultivating  all 
the  productions  of  the  climate  to  the  greatest  advantage — 
wheat  upon  the  rolling  prairies  and  openings — the  coarser 
grains  upon  the  bottom  lands — and  tame  and  wild  grasses 
upon  the  low  prairies  and  marshes,  flourish  best,  though  each 
class  of  soil  is  adapted  more  or  less  to  all  these  products.  It 
is  watered  by  Rock  river  and  its  branches.  The  principal  vil 
lages  are  Janesville,  Beloit,  Fulton,  and  Milton.  The  county 
is  in  connection  with  the  first  judicial  circuit,  the  second  con 
gressional  district,  and  is  entitled  to  the  following  represent 
ation: — 17th  Senate  district,  consists  of  the  towns  of  Rock, 
Fulton,  Porter,  Centre,  Plymouth,  Newark,  Avon,  Spring 
Valley,  Magnolia,  and  Union. — 18th  Senate  district,  consists 
of  the  towns  of  Beloit,  Turtle,  Clinton,  Bradford,  La  Prairie, 
Harmony,  Johnstown,  Lima  and  Milton. — 1st  Assembly  dis 
trict,  Beloit,  Turtle  and  Clinton.— 2d  Assembly  district,  Mil 
ton,  Harmony,  Lima,  Johnston,  Bradford,  and  La  Prairie. — 
3d  Assembly  district,  Janesville,  Rock  Centre,  and  Fulton. — • 
4th  Assembly  district,  Porter,  Union,  Magnolia,  Spring  Val 
ley,  Plymouth,  Newark  and  Avon.  Its  population  in  1840 
wasl,Tul;  1842,2,867;  1846,12,405;  1847,14,720;  1850, 
30,717.  Square  miles,  720.  It  has  3,631  dwellings,  1,975 
farms,  and  126  manufactories.  County  Officers  for  1853  and 
1854:  Judge,  James  Armstrong;  Clerk  of  Court,  George 
TV".  Crabb ;  Sheriff,  William  IL  Howard  ;  District  Attorney, 
Win.  S.  Rockwell ;  Clerk  of  Board  of  Supervisors,  C.  P.  King, 
Register,  Samuel  A.  Martin ;  Treasurer,  Robert  F.  Frazer ; 
Coroner,  Calvin  Chapin. 

ROCK,  Creek)  is  the  outlet  of  Fish  lake,  in  town  of  Deerfield, 
Dane  county,  runs  northeast  through  the  town  of  Waterloo, 
Jefferson  county,  emptying  into  Waterloo  creek,  in  Portland, 
Dodge  county. 


194:  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

BOCK,  Town,  in  county  of  Rock,  being. town  2  K.,  of  range  12  E.; 
centrally  located,  6  miles  southwest  from  Janesville.  Popu 
lation  in  1850  was  553.  It  has  8  school  districts. 

ROCK,  Island,  lies  near  the  northeast  corner  of  Pottowottomee 
Island,  at  the  connection  of  Green  Bay  with  Lake  Michigan. 
It  is  about  5i  miles  in  circumference. 

ROCK,  Island,  is  in  the  Wisconsin,  at  the  mouth  of  Copper  Rock 
river.  It  is  30  feet  high  from  the  water. 

ROCK,  Lal'cs,  are  two  lakes,  Upper  and  Lower,  just  above  Trout 
Lake,  on  the  most  eastern  branch  of  the  Manidowish  river. 
They  are  300  yards  apart — the  Lower  is  half  a  mile,  and  the 
Upper  a  mile  in  diameter. 

ROCK,  Lake,  is  about  3  miles  long  and  1J  wide,  in  the  eastern 
portion  of  the  town  of  Lake  Mills,  Jefferson  county,  covering 
an  area  of  1,650  acres.  It  discharges  its  waters  into  the 
Crawfish  through  Keyes  creek,  entering  near  the  village  of 
Milton. 

ROCK,  Mounds,  on  section  1.  town  14  N.,  of  range  6  W.,  in  Bad 
Ax  county,  also  on  section  33,  town  17,  of  range  4  W.,  in 
La  Crosse  county,  on  line  between  towns  16  and  17  X.,  near 
the  east  side  of  range  7  W. 

ROCK,  jRiver,  rises  in  Fond  du  Lac  county,  and  runs  south  through 
Dodge,  Jeiferson  and  Rock  counties,  into  Illinois. 

ROCK  PRAIRIE,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  Harmony,  Rock  county,  being 
town  3  X.,  of  range  13  E. 

ROCK  RIVER,  P.O.,  in  Fond  du  Lac  county. 
ROCK  RIVER,  West  Branch,  see  Crawfish  river. 

ROCK  RIVER,  Woods.  This  name  has  been  given  to  the  whole  of 
the  timbered  lands  on  the  borders  of  Rock  river.  It  includes 
the  northeastern  towns  of  Jeiferson  county,  and  the  eastern 
portions  of  the  town  of  Milford. 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER.  195 

ROOK  HILL,  P.O.,  in  town  of  Kingsboro',  Marqnette  county,  being 
on  section  29,  town  14  X.,  of  range  11  E. ;  14  miles  from 
Montello. 

ROCK  YALLEY,  P.  0.,  in  Rock  county. 

ROCKY,  Lake,  a  small  lake  in  the  southwest  corner  of  Portland, 

Dodge  county. 

ROCKY  RUN,  Creek,  a  small  stream  entering  the  Wisconsin  from 
the  northeast  corner  of  Lowville,  at  Dekorra. 

ROCKY  RUN,  P.O.,  on  section  5,  in  town  of  Lowville,  Columbia 
county ;  10  miles  southeast  from  Portage,  and  28  miles  north 
from  Madison,  on  a  creek  of  the  same  name,  having  at  this 
point  an  unimproved  water  power  sufficient  to  carry  ten  run. 
of  stone  most  of  the  year.  It  is  within  a  good  farming  region,, 
cultivated  by  industrious  and  intelligent  people. 

RODMAN,  River,  rises  in  Osceola,  Fond  du  Lac  county,  and  runs. 
southeast  into  Milwaukee  river. 

ROME,  P.  V.,  on  section  IT,  in  town  of  Sullivan,  Jefferson  county,, 
on  Duck  creek,  10  miles  east  from  Jefferson,  and  40  miles  east 
from  Madison.  This  place  is  in  the  fertile  and  timbered  lands 
of  Jefferson  county.  Population,  130 ;  with  30  dwellings,  2 
stores,  1  hotel,  and  2  mills,  with  a  good  water  power. 

ROOT  CREEK,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  Greenfield,  Milwaukee  county,  on 
section  26.  It  is  on  the  Janesville  and  Milwaukee  plank 
road. 

ROOT,  River,  rises  in  the  town  of  Muskego,  Waukesha  county, 
and  runs  southeast,  entering  Lake  Michigan  at  the  city  of 
Racine,  being  about  35  miles  in  length. 

ROSE,  Lake,  mostly  on  section  29,  in  town  and  county  of  Jeffer 
son.  It  is  about  1-J-  miles  in  length. 

ROSENDALE,  Town,  in  county  of  Fond  du  Lac,  being  town  16  N., 
of  range  15  E. ;  centrally  located,  13  miles  westerly  from 
Fond  du  Lac.  Population  in  1850  was  714.  It  has  5  school 
districts. 


196  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

ROSENDALE,  P.  V.,  in  county  of  Fond  du  Lac,  on  section  35,  in 
town  16  X.,  of  range  15  E.  It  is  11  miles  from  Fond  du  Lac 
citv,  and  TO  miles  northeast  from  Madison.  It  is  located  on 
a  small  stream  running  east  and  west,  with  a  prairie  country 
on  the  north,  and  openings  on  the  south,  and  is  noted  for  the 
health  and  salubrity  of  the  climate.  Population,  150;  with 
25  dwellings,  3  stores,  2  hotels,  5  manufactories,  and  2  deno 
minations. 

ROSLIN,  P.  T7".,  in  Marquette  county,  being  on  section  23,  town  14 
~N.,  of  range  9  E.,  10  miles  from  Montello. 

HOUND,  Lake,  in  town  of  Summit,  "Waukesha  county,  2  miles  west 
of  Kemalibin. 

ROUNTREE,  Creek,  a  branch  of  Platte  river,  in  Grant  county. 

ROXBURY,  Town,  in  county  of  Dane,  being  fractional  town  9  N., 
of  ranges  6  and  7  E. ;  centrally  located,  18  miles  northwest 
from  Madison.  It  has  6  school  districts. 

Roxo,  P.  T7".,  in  Marquette  county,  being  on  section  13,  town  15 
!N".,  of  range  9  E. ;  2  miles  from  Montello. 

>  O  7 

RUBICON,  Town,  in  county  of  Dodge,  being  town  10  N.,  of  range 

17  E  ;  centrally  located,  12  miles  southeast  from  Juneau.    It 
has  10  school  districts. 

RUBICOX,  River,  rises  near  Schleisingerville,  in  Washington  county, 
and  runs  west  into  Rock  river,  in  town  of  Hustisford,  Dodge 
county. 

RUSHFORD,  Town,  in  county  of  Winnebago,  being  towns  17  and 

18  K.,  of  range  14  E. ;  centrally  located,  15  miles  from  Osh- 
kosh.   Population  in  1850  was  514.   It  has  4  school  districts. 

RUSH,  Lake,  in  town  of  Rushford,  Winnebago  county.  It  is  about 
5  miles  long  and  2  broad.  Its  outlet  has  several  good  water 
powers,  the  principal  of  which  is  at  Waukau  village.  It 
discharges  its  waters  northerly  into  Neenah  river,  a  short 
distance  west  of  Ornro  village. 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER.  197 

RUSH  RIVER,  Town,  in  county  of  St.  Croix,  being  towns  27  and 
28  1ST.,  of  ranges  16,  and  east  half  of  17 ;  centrally  located, 
southeast  from  Willow  river.  It  has  1  school  district. 

RUSH,  River,  rises  in  St.  Croix  county,  and  running  southerly  into 
Lake  Pepin,  in  town  24  IN".,  of  range  16  W. 

RUSH  RIVER,  P.  0.,  at  head  of  river  of  same  name,  in  St.  Croix 

county. 

RUSSELL'S  CORNERS,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  Flora,  Sank  county,  town 
12  K,  of  range  7  E. 

RUTLAND,  P.  0.,  in  southwest  corner  of  town  of  same  name,  Dane 

county. 

RUTLAND,  Town,  in  county  of  Dane,  being  town  5  X.,  of  range 
10  E. ;  centrally  located,  14  miles  southeast  from  Madison. 
Population  in  1850  was  759.  It  has  8  school  districts. 

SACRAMENTO,  P.  V.  &  C.H.,  on  section  35,  town  18,  of  range  13  E., 
"Waushara  county,  on  south  side  of  Fox  river,  being  in  south 
east  corner  of  the  county.  It  has  a  healthy  and  pleasant  loca 
tion  in  the  openings,  on  an  inclined  plane,  above  the  banks 
of  the  river,  and  is  the  only  river  town  in  the  county.  It  was 
laid  out  in  1851,  by  Thomas  J.  Townsend,  Esq.,  since  which 
time  it  has  increased  very  rapidly.  It  is  surrounded  by  a 
country  of  excellent  farming  hinds.  Population  250,  with  40 
dwellings,  3  stores,  3  hotels,  a  warehouse,  timber  yard,  &c.  It 
commands  the  river  trade  of  a  large  section  of  country. 

SALEM,   P.  0.,  in  town  of  same  name,  in  the  county  of  Kenosha. 

SALEM,  Town,  in  county  of  Kenosha,  being  town  1  ~N.9  of  range 
20  E. ;  centrally  located,  16  miles  west  from  the  city  of 
Kenosha.  Population  in  1850  was  1,123.  It  has  8  school 
districts. 

SALT,  Licks,  at  the  southern  bend  of  Mullet  river,  in  Sheboygan 
county. 

SANDY,   Creek,  a  small  stream  rising  near  Patch  Grove,  Grant 
county,  running  southwesterly  into  the  Mississippi. 
14 


198  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

SAND,  Creek,  in  La  Pointe  county,  see  Foul  river. 

SAND  PRAIRIE,  P.  0.,  in  county  of  Kichland,  being  in  town  9  K, 
of  range  2  W.,  town  of  Rich  wood. 

SANDY  Portage,  at  a  rapid  of  the  Menomonee  river,  with  a  per 
pendicular  fall,  about  a  mile  in  extent. 

SANDY,  River,  a  tributary  of  Lake  Superior,  6  miles  west  of  Rasp 
berry  river,  and  3  miles  east  of  La  R.  Gauche. 

SARABOO,  a  branch  from  the  southwest  of  Kewaunee  river,  near 

which  it  enters  in  town  24  JST.,  of  range  24  E. 
SAPPAH,  River,  see  Black  river. 

SAUK,   County,  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Adams,  on  the  east 
by  Columbia,  on  the  south  by  Iowa  and  Dane,  and  on  the 
west  by  La  Crosse,  Bad  Ax,  and  Richland.     It  was  set  off 
from  Crawford  in  1839 ;  established,  and  annexed  to  Dane 
for  judicial  purposes,  January,  1840,  and  fully  organized  in 
1844.     The  boundaries  were  changed  March  6,  1849,  and 
further  changed  1853.     The  seat  of  justice  is  at  Baraboo,  on 
river  of  the  same  name,  a  few  miles  southeast  from  the  centre 
of  the  county.    It  is  connected  with  the  third  judicial  circuit, 
the  second  congressional,  and  the  twenty -third  senate  district, 
and,  with  Adams,  sends  one  member  to  the  assembly.     The 
number  of  square  miles  is  about  800.   The  soil,  in  every  part 
where  cultivation  has  been  attempted,  produces  well,  and 
seems  peculiarly  congenial  to  wheat.     The  timber,  except  on 
the  Baraboo  Bluffs,  is  oak  in  its  different  varieties.    There  is 
an  almost  inexhaustible  body  of  heavy  timber,  consisting  of 
sugar  maple,  elm,  basswood,  iron  wood,  hickory,  butternut, 
oak,  cherry,  &c.    The  surface  of  the  country  is  generally  un 
dulating — in  some  places  level,  in  others  hilly — presenting, 
perhaps,  as  great  a  variety  as  any  county  in  the  State.     Its 
leading  geological  formation  is  old  red  sand  stone.     On  the 
higher  points  there  are  occasionally  found  the  remains  of  the 
carboniferous   lime   stone,    so   abundant  in   the   northwest. 
The  Baraboo  Bluffs  are  sometimes  considered  as  a  formation 


WISCONSIN   U-AZETTEER.  199 

peculiar  to  themselves ;  but  as  geologists  do  not  seem  to  agree 
as  to  what  they  are,  the  opinion  is  ventured  that  they  beL-ng 
to  the  same  class  as  the  prevailing  strata,  but  that  by  the 
action  of  some  powerful  agency  of  a  vitrifying  or  igneous 
nature,  their  density  has  been  increased,  and  their  general  ap 
pearance  somewhat  changed.  They  are  harder,  finer  grained, 
and  often  much  more  highly  colored,  than  the  common  sand 
stone.  Large  masses  of  conglomorate  are  often  found  among 
them,  especially  on  the  higher  portions.  These  masses  are 
composed  of  sand  and  smooth  round  stones  of  almost  all  sizes, 
from  that  of  a  pin  head  to  several  feet  in  diameter.  In  the 
diluvial  deposites,  along  the  banks  of  the  river,  are  found 
masses  of  conglomerate  in  a  transition  state,  a  part  firmly 
consolidated,  a  part  only  slightly  so.  No  trace  of  fossil  re 
mains  have  yet  been  discovered,  except  in  the  carboniferous 
lime  stone.  There  are  no  mines  in  the  county  worked  at 
present  with  any  degree  of  profit,  though  there  are  strong 
indications  of  copper,  and  a  considerable  quantity  (five  tons) 
was  once  dug  on  Copper  Creek,  near  Reedsburg.  Small 
fragments,  weighing  from  an  ounce  to  several  pounds,  are 
often  found  in  different  parts  of  the  county,  and  there  is  at 
least  a  possibility  that  extensive  mines  may  yet  be  found. 
A  beautiful  article  of  purple  freestone  occurs  on  the  Baraboo 
bluffs,  and  a  good  quality  of  marble  near  the  southwest  part 
of  the  county,  though  neither  yet  has  been  much  explored. 
The  principal  streams  are  the  Wisconsin  and  Baraboo  rivers, 
Honey,  Dell  and  Narrows  creeks.  The  Wisconsin  river  has 
as  yet  only  been  used  for  the  purpose  of  navigation,  though 
at  present  attention  is  being  called  to  the  construction  of  a  dam 
across  it  at  the  Dells.  Dell  creek  is  a  good  sized  stream  for 
mill  purposes  ;  is  about  15  miles  long,  and  remarkable  for  the 
deep  gulches  through  which  it  runs.  There  are  several  inter 
esting  caves  in  the  sand  stone  rock  in  the  vicinity  of  this 
stream.  Narrows  Creek  is  about  twelve  miles  long,  and  affords 
several  good  mill  sites.  There  is  one  mill  in  operation  on  the 


200  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

stream,  and  at  its  mouth  is  laid  out  the  town  of  Excelsior. 
Honey  Creek  is  about  25  miles  in  length,  together  with  the 
rapidity  of  its  current,  renders  it  peculiarly  serviceable  as  a 
water  power.  Several  mills  are  already  in  operation  upon  the 
stream,  and  others  are  in  process  of  erection.  The  Baraboo 
river,  however,  is  the  most  important  stream  as  a  water  power 
in  the  county,  if  not  in  the  State.  It  is  some  80  miles  in 
length.  There  are  already  seven  dams  across  it,  each  propel 
ling  from  1  to  3  mills.  The  rapids  of  this  river  at  Baraboo 
are  about  two  miles  in  length.  The  bed  of  the  stream  is  rock ; 
the  amount  of  water  is  about  4,500  inches ;  the  amount  of 
fall,  50  feet.  There  are  already  in  operation,  along  these 
rapids,  4  saw  mills,  running  5  saws ;  1  flouring  mill  with  2 
run  of  stone ;  (another,  with  2  runs,  was  burned  in  the  fall  of 
1852) ;  4  lath  and  picket  factories,  1  carding  machine,  1  iron 
foundry,  1  machine  shop,  1  bark  mill,  and  several  turning 
lathes,  and  but  a  small  portion  of  water  is  used.  Other  ma 
chinery  is  in  process  of  erection  along  the  stream,  and  many 
good  mill  sites  yet  lie  untouched.  Devil  Lake  is,  perhaps, 
the  only  lake  in  the  county  worthy  of  notice.  It  occupies 
about  a  square  mile,  is  situated  a  little  over  two  miles  south 
of  the  foot  of  the  Baraboo  rapids,  and  about  three  miles 
from  Baraboo  village.  On  the  east,  south  and  wrest  of  the 
lake,  the  rough,  rocky  banks  rise  from  the  edge  of  the  water, 
almost  perpendicularly,  to  the  height  of  150  or  200  feet.  The 
smooth  crystal  water,  and  the  steep,  craggy  rocks,  presenting 
the  most  perfect  contrast.  On  the  north,  the  land  gradually 
rises  for  a  short  distance,  and  then  as  gradually  slopes  away 
to  the  Baraboo  river.  Although  several  attempts  have  been 
made,  the  depth  of  the  lake  has  never  been  fathomed.  The 
purity  and  beauty  of  this  body  of  water,  together  with  its 
surrounding  romantic  scenery,  never  fail  to  excite  the  admira 
tion  of  all  who  visit  it.  Of  the  Prairies,  Sank  Prairie  is  much 
the  largest.  It  is  about  16  square  miles  in  area.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  north  by  the  Baraboo  bluffs,  a  chain  of  high  steep 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  201 

bluffs  also  extend  along  its  western  side,  and  on  the  south  and 
east  is  the  Wisconsin  river.  Its  surface  is  undulating,  soil 
good,  and  a  considerable  portion  is  cultivated.  It  is  based 
(as  we  suppose  all  genuine  prairies  must  be)  upon  a  diluvial 
strata.  There  are  several  other  smaller  prairies  in  the  county, 
from  one  to  five  miles  in  extent,  but  as  there  is  such  a  great 

'  o 

uniformity,  it  is  unnecessary  to  go  into  detail.  The  following 
is  a  pretty  accurate  detail  of  the  hotels,  stores,  manufactories, 
&c.,  in  the  county  :  13  taverns,  22  stores,  5  groceries,  4  drug 
stores,  7  tailors,  3  distilleries,  1  brewery,  2  steam  saw  mills, 
4  grist  mills,  1  foundry,  1  furniture,  1  machine,  9  shoe,  15 
blacksmiths,  6  waggon,  4  coopers,  5  tinners,  and  3  jewellers 
shops,  1  carding  machine,  6  lath  and  picket  factories,  1  pottery, 
and  L  tannery ;  302  farms,  7  manufactories,  and  821  dwellings ; 
4  district  school  houses,  3  select  schools,  and  3  churches. 
Population  in  1840  was  102;  1842,  393;  1846,  1,003;  1847, 
2,178;  1850,  4,372.  County  Officers:  Judge,  J.  M.  Clark; 
Sheriff,  Daniel  Munsen ;  Clerk  of  Court,  George  Mertons ; 
District  Attorney,  J.  B.  Quinley ;  Register,  Edwin  P.  Spencer; 
Clerk  of  Board  of  Supervisors,  James  T.  Moseley ;  County 
Treasurer,  Curtis  Bates  ;  County  Surveyor,  Wm.  H.  Canfield ; 
Coroner,  Royal  Gendall. 

SATE,  Creek,  is  a  tributary  of  Lake  Michigan,  which  it  enters  at 
Ozaukee.  It  rises  in  south  part  of  Sheboygan  county. 

SAUKVILLE,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  same  name,  county  of  Washington, 
being  town  11  !N".,  of  range  21  E. ;  located  4  miles  west  from 
Ozaukee. 

SAUKVILLE,  Town,  in  county  of  Washington,  being  town  11  N".,  of 
range  21  E. ;  6  miles  west  from  Ozaukee.  It  has  8  school  dis 
tricts,  and  possesses  an  excellent  improved  w-ater  power. 
Population  in  1850  was  1,796. 

SCARBORO,  Creek,  rises  near  the  source  of  Twin  rivers,  and  runs 
northeast,  entering  Kewaunee  river  in  northwest  corner  of 
town  24  N.,  of  range  24. 


202  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

SCHLEISINGERVILLE,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  Polk,  on  section  18,  in  "Wash 
ington  county,  25  miles  west  from  Ozaukee,  and  easterly  from 
Madison  80  miles.  It  derives  its  name  in  honor  of  Hon. 
B.  Schleisinger  Weil,  State  senator  from  the  fourth  district, 
whose  residence  is  near  this  place,  and  who  laid  it  out  in 
1845.  Population,  125;  with  25  dwellings,  3  stores,  3  hotels, 
1  mechanical  shop,  1  tannery,  and  1  church  edifice.  It  is  on 
the  Milwaukee  and  Fond  du  Lac  road,  possessing  a  healthy 
climate  and  good  soil  of  farming  lands. 

SCOTT,  P.  V.,  in  county  of  Sheboygan,  being  in  town  13  IN".,  (Scott), 
of  range  20  E. 

SCOTT,  Town,  in  county  of  Sheboygan,  being  town  13  !N".,  of  range 
20  E. ;  centrally  located,  22  miles  southwest  from  Sheboygan. 

SCOTT,  Town,  in  county  of  Columbia,  being  town  12  JSL,  of  range 
HE.;  centrally  located,  12  miles  from  Portage  city.  Popu 
lation  in  1850  was  395.  It  has  4  school  districts. 

SGUPERNONG,  Creek,  rises  in  the  south  part  of  the  town  of  Dela- 
field,  and  running  southwest,  (affording  a  mill  site  at  Water- 
ville  and  one  in  Ottawa),  through  Summit  and  Ottawa,  enters 
Bark  river  in  Cold  Spring,  Jefferson  county. 

SEARGENT,  P.  0.,  is  in  the  southeast  part  of  town  of  Oasis,  Waush- 
ara  county,  being  town  20  N.,  of  range  9  E. ;  30  miles  north 
west  from  Sacramento,  and  80  miles  north  from  Madison,  on 
the  stage  route  from  Berlin  to  Stevens'  Point. 

SECOND  Lake,  the  second  from  below  of  the  chain  of  Four  Lakes, 
in  the  towns  of  Blooming  Grove  and  Dunn,  6  miles  southeast 
from  Madison.  It  is  2  miles  wide  and  3-J-  long. 

SEELEY'S,  Creek,  rises  in  the  southwest  corner  of  town  11,  range 
7  E.,  runs  northeast,  emptying  into  the  Baraboo  river,  by  its 
course,  about  10  miles  above  the  village  of  Baraboo. 

SEVEN  MILE  CREEK,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  Lemonweir,  Sauk  county. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  203 

SEXTONYILLE,  P.  Fi,  on  section  7,  town  9,  of  range  2  E.,  in  Rich- 
land  county,  5  miles  above  Richland  city,  on  Pine  creek,  at 
the  mouth  of  Willow  creek.  It  is  56  miles  west  from  Madison. 
Population  130,  wTith  21  dwellings,  2  stores,  1  hotel,  2  mills, 
and  2  excellent  water  powers. 

SHAGWAMIGON,  Bay,  (Chegoimegon  and  Chagwamigon),  south  of 
the  Twelve  Apostle  Islands,  in  La  Pointe  county,  Lake  Supe 
rior. 

SHAGWAMIGON,  River,  empties  into  bay  of  the  same  name,  in  La 
Pointe  county,  6  miles  west  from  Bad  river. 

SHAKWEYA,  River ',  (or  K"E\V  WOOD),  enters  the  Wisconsin  from  the 
west  at  Lynch's  Trading  House,  4  miles  below  Grand  Father 

Bull  Falls. 

SHARON,  P.  V.,  on  section  13,  in  town  of  same  name,  Wai  worth 
county,  12  miles  southwest  from  Elkhorn,  and  60  miles  south 
east  from  Madison,  in  a  fine  farming  country.  Population, 
110 ;  with  15  dwellings,  1  store,  1  hotel,  and  1  catholic  church. 

SHARON,  Town,  in  county  of  Wai  worth,  being  town  1  IS".,  of  range 
15  E. ;  centrally  located,  13  miles  southwest  from  Elkhorn. 
Population  in  1S50  was  1,169.  It  has  10  school  districts. 

SHAW  ANA,  County,  was  established  at  the  January  session  of  the 
legislature  in  1853,  most  of  its  limits  were  taken  from  Oconto. 
The  seat  of  justice  is  at  Shawana  village,  near  the  outlet  of 
the  lake  of  same  name. 

SHAWANA,  Lake,  in  town  27  N".,  of  ranges  16  and  17;  is  about  6 
miles  long  and  2  in  width,  discharging  its  waters  through  an 
outlet  into  Wolf  river. 

SHAWANA,  P.  0.,  near  lake  of  same  name,  in  Shawana  county. 

SHEBOYGAN,  County,  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Calumet  and 
Manitowoc,  on  the  east  by  the  State  line  in  Lake  Michigan, 
on  the  south  by  Washington,  and  on  the  west  by  Fond  du  Lac. 
It  was  set  off  from  Brown  Dec.  7,  1836;  organized  for  county 
purposes  Dec.  17,  1838 ;  and  attached  to  Fond  du  Lac  for 


204  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

judicial  purposes  ;  and  fully  organized  January  22, 1846.  The 
whole  surface  of  the  county  is  covered  by  a  dense  growth  of 
timber,  among  which  pine  is  found  in  considerable  quanti 
ties  along  the  margin  of  the  principal  streams.  The  seat  of 
justice  is  at  the  village  of  Sheboygan,  on  the  lake,  centrally 
from  the  north  and  south  boundaries  of  the  county.  It  is 
watered  by  the  Sheboygan  river  and  its  tributaries.  It  is 
connected  with  the  fourth  judicial  circuit,  the  third  congres 
sional  and  the  first  senate  districts,  and  sends  two  members 
to  the  assembly  as  follows  :  1st.  Towns  of  Sheboygan,  Wilson, 
Lima  and  Holland  ;  2d.  Towns  of  Sheboygan  Falls,  Harmony, 
Rhine,  Plymouth,  Greenbush,  Abbott,  Mitchell,  Scott  and 
Lynden.  Population  in  1840  was  133  ;  1842,227;  1846,4637; 
1847,  5,580 ;  1850,  8,836.  There  are  1,790  dwellings,  581 
farms,  and  30  manufactories.  County  Officers  for  1853  and 
1854 :  Judge,  Chas.  E.  Morris  ;  Sheriff,  J.  D.  Murphy  ;  Clerk 
of  County  Court,  A.  H.  Edwards ;  District  Attorney,  Edward 
Elwell ;  Register,  Charles  Adolphi ;  Clerk  of  Board  of  Super 
visors,  J.  T.  Kingsbury  ;  Treasurer,  Geo.  H.  Wordan ;  County 
Surveyor,  Horace  Cleves. 

SHEBOYGAN,  Town,  in  county  of  same  name,  being  towns  15  and 
16  N".,  of  range  23  E.  It  has  7  school  districts. 

SHEBOYGAN,  P.  T7".,  the  county  seat  of  county  of  same  name,  is  si 
tuated  on  the  lake  shore,  near  the  middle  of  the  county,  and 
at  the  mouth  of  Sheboygan  river,  a  stream  about  400  feet 
wide,  and  from  12  to  15  feet  deep.  The  town  plat  is  a  dry, 
level  and  sandy  plain,  about  40  feet  above  the  level  of  lake 
Michigan.  In  1846  this  village  contained  about  400  inhabi 
tants,  and  had  no  churches,  newspapers,  or  roads.  At  present 
it  has  a  population  of  2,000;  7  good  churches,  viz.  Episcopal, 
Baptist,  Presbyterian,  Congregational,  Methodist,  German 
Reformed  and  Roman  Catholic,  and  4  weekly  newspapers, 
viz.,  Mercury,  Lake  Journal,  Republicaner,  and  The  Niews- 
bode.  During  the  past  year  the  county  has  raised  $20,000, 
and  the  General  Government  has  appropriated  $10,000  for 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER,  205 

the  purpose  of  constructing  a  harbor  at  the  mouth  of  the  river. 
The  work  was  commenced  last  spring,  and  has  been  vigorously 
prosecuted  during  the  summer  and  fall.  It  will  be  finished 
during  the  coming  season,  whicn  will  give  Sheboygan  the 
best  and  most  accessible  harbor  on  the  lake.  One  of  the  best 
plank  roads  in  the  State  runs  from  this  place  to  Taycheda,  a 
thriving  village  on  Lake  Winnebago.  There  are  four  stage 
and  mail  routes  running  from  here :  one  north,  to  Manitowoc 
and  Two  Rivers ;  one  west,  to  Fond  du  Lac,  Menasha,  and 
Green  Bay ;  one  southwest,  to  Cascade,  May  ville,  &c. ;  and 
one  south,  to  Milwaukee  and  Chicago. 

'  O 

SHEBOVGAN,  Falls,  is  6  miles  above  the  mouth  of  Sheboygan  river, 
in  county  of  same  name,  at  the  crossing  of  the  F.  S.  road. 

SHEBOYGAN  FALLS,  P.  V.,  on  section  36,  town  15  X.,  of  range  22 
E.,  in  town  of  same  name,  and  county  of  Sheboygan,  6  miles 
from  the  county  seat,  115  miles  from  Madison  via  Fond  du 
Lac,  and  150  miles  from  the  same  place  via  Milwaukee.  The 
village  was  first  settled  15  years  ago,  a  sawmill  erected,  and 
one  or  two  buildings.  The  plat  was  laid  out  and  named 
Rochester.  The  real  commencement  of  creating  a  village 
was  made  seven  years  ago,  and  since,  its  growth  has  been 
constant.  The  soil  in  the  vicinity  is  wTell  adapted  to  the  growth 
of  wheat  and  other  kinds  of  grain.  It  is  located  on  both  sides 
of  the  river,  which  has  a  fall  of  30  or  40  feet  in  half  a  mile. 
A  bed  of  lime  stone  underlies  the  whole  village  a  few  feet 
below  the  surface.  Lime  made  from  it  is  of  the  finest  quality. 
Large  quantities  of  pine  and  oak  timber  are  cut  along  the 
banks  of  the  river  during  winter.  The  Sheboygan  and  May- 
ville  plank  road  will  pass  through  the  village,  and  the  She 
boygan  and  Fond  du  Lac  plank  road  passes  through  the  north 
part  of  it.  Population  800,  with  200  dwellings,  12  stores,  4 
hotels,  2  grist  mills,  1  foundry,  2  turning  lathes,  2  cabinet 
shops,  1  printing  office,  and  3  churches. 

SIIKBOYGAN  FALLS,  Town,  in  county  of  Sheboygan,  being  towns 
14  and  15  K,  of  range  22  E.     It  has  9  school  districts. 


206  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

SHEBOYGAN,  JRwer,  rises  in  Fond  du  Lac  county,  near  the  southern 
extremity  of  Lake  "Winnebago,  and  runs  southeasterly,  emp 
tying  into  Lake  Michigan  at  the  village  of  Sheboygan.  It 
drains  about  400  square  miles  of  surface. 

SHEBOYGAN,  Lake,  a  small  lake  in  town  of  Rhine,  Sheboygan 
county. 

SHELL,  Lake,  see  Pewaukee  lake. 
SHELL,  Rwer^  see  Kayesikang  river. 

SHIELDS,  Town,  in  county  of  Marquette,  being  town  16  1ST.,  of 
range  16  E. 

SHIELDS,  Town,  in  county  of  Dodge,  being  town  9  N".,  of  range 
14  E. ;  centrally  located,  14  miles  southwest  from  Juneau. 
Population  in  1850  was  590.  It  has  6  school  districts. 

SHOPIEKE,  P.  J7!,  in  county  of  Rock,  in  town  of  Turtle,  being  on 
section  3,  town  1  !N".,  of  range  13  E.  It  is  9  miles  southeast 
from  Janesville,  and  54  from  Madison,  on  the  Turtle  creek, 
which  gives  a  water  power  here  of  9  feet  head  and  fall,  and 
is  a  very  reliable  stream  for  supply  of  water.  The  flouring 
mill  is  of  stone,  4  stones  high,  running  three  pairs  of  burrs, 
and  is  completely  finished  throughout.  From  the  north  side 
of  the  Turtle  stretches  Rock  Prairie ;  on  the  south  side  com 
mences  a  timbered  tract,  extending  some  7"  miles.  Abundance 
of  excellent  lime  stone  for  building  purposes  is  found  in  the 
vicinity,  which  suggested  the  name — a  corruption  of  the 
French  Chaux  (Sho)  Pierre.  Turtleville  flouring  mill  is  one 
mile  below,  on  the  same  stream.  Population  200,  with  38 
dwellings,  3  stores,  1  hotel,  2  mills,  1  plough  manufactory, 
1  congregational  church. 

SHULLSBUKG,  P.  V.,  and  county  seat  of  Lafayette  county,  in  town 
1  N".,  of  range  2  E.,  head  waters  of  an  eastern  branch  of 
Fevre  river.  It  is  16  miles  from  Galena,  and  75  southwest 
from  Madison.  The  business  and  trade  of  a  large  portion  of 
country  is  concentrated  at  this  place,  where  an  excellent  and 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  207 

ready  market  is  found  for  mineral  and  all  of  the  products  of 
industry,  which  is  paid  for  in  gold  and  silver  coin — bank  bills 
and  coppers  having  long  since  been  repudiated  in  the  lead 
mines.  It  contains  2,500  inhabitants,  with  5  hotels,  12  dry 
good  and  grocery,  1  drug,  1  jewelry,  and  1  tin  and  iron  stores; 
2  waggon,  5  smiths,  2  cabinet,  4  tailors,  4  shoe,  2  saddle  and 
harness,  6  carpenter,  and  1  gunsmith  shops ;  4  mineral  ware 
houses,  4  church  edifices — 1  Primitive  Methodist,  1  P.  E.  Me 
thodist,  1  Catholic  and  1  Congregational — the  latter  of  which 
is  built  of  stone.  The  court  house  is  built  of  brick,  44  by  60 
feet,  with  offices  for  county  purposes,  and  the  jail  of  stone. 

SHULLSBURG,  Town,  in  the  county  of  Lafayette,  being  a  part  of 
town  1,  of  ranges  2  and  3  E.,  in  which  is  located  the  seat 
of  justice  of  the  county.  There  are  2  furnaces  for  smelting 
lead  ore  in  this  town.  Shullsburg  is  noted  for  its  inexhaust 
ible  mines  of  lead  ore  which  have  been  worked  for  many 
years,  and  are  the  most  productive  in  the  mineral  district. 
The  Southern  Wisconsin  rail  road  is  located  through  the  en 
tire  length  of  the  town  from  east  to  west.  The  population  of 
the  town  is  3,500. 

SHUNAKEE,  Lake,  see  North  Lake,  Waukesha  county. 

SILVER,  Creek,  has  its  source  in  English  Lake,  in  Manitowoc  county, 

and  running  easterly,  enters  Lake  Michigan  about  10  miles 

south  of  Manitowoc. 

SILVER,  Greek,  rises  in  town  of  Metomon,  Fond  du  Lac  county, 
and  runs  northwest  into  Green  Lake,  Marquette  county. 

SILVER,  Lake,  in  town  of  Salem,  Kenosha  county,  discharges  its 
waters  through  a  small  stream  into  Fox  river,  near  Salem 
P.  0.  It  is  about  a  mile  in  diameter. 

SILVER,  Lake,  is  nearly  in  the  centre  of  town  of  Summit,  Wauk 
esha  county.  It  is  a  mile  in  length. 

SILVER,  Lake,  a  small  lake  in  eastern  part  of  town  of  Sugar  Creek. 
SINSINAWA,  Creek,  rises  in  Smeltzer,  Grant  county,  and  runs  south 
erly,  discharging  its  waters  into  La  Fevre  river,  in  Illinois. 


208  WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER. 

SINSINAWA,  Mound,  is  a  conical  elevation,  one  mile  south  of  the 
village  of  Fair  Play,  Grant  county. 

Sioux  PORTAGE,  Creek,  in  Portage  county,  is  the  inlet  of  Yellow 
Lake. 

SISCOE,  River,  rises  in  town  of  Clayton,  Winnebago  county,  and 
runs  southwest  into  "Wolf  River,  at  the  head  of  Lake  Pau- 
waicun. 

SKETCH,  Lake,  the  largest  of  the  lakes  forming  one  of  the  sources 
of  Red  Cedar  river. 

SKILLET.  Greek,  a  tributary  from  the  south  of  Baraboo  river,  which 
it  enters  about  3  miles  above  Baraboo  village. 

SKINNER'S  Creek,  in  Green  county,  a  branch  of  the  Peckatonnica, 
which  it  enters  in  the  town  of  Cadiz. 

SLAWSON'S  Prairie,  in  Dodge  county,  east  of  Beaver  Dam. 

SLEEPING  BEAR,  River,  (Nibegomowin),  a  tributary  from  the  west 
of  Burnt  Wood  river. 

SMELTZER'S  GROVE,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  Smeltzer,  being  town  2  E"., 
of  range  T  "W.,  in  Grant  county. 

SMELTZER,  Town,  in  county  of  Grant,  being  town  2  IS".,  of  range 
1 ;  centrally  located,  18  miles  southeast  from  Lancaster.  It 
has  5  school  districts. 

SNAIL,  Lcike,  or  Shell  Lake,  see  Pewaukee  Lake. 

SOMERS,  Town,  (formerly  Pike),  in  county  of  Kenosha,  being  town 
2  1ST.,  of  range  22  E. ;  centrally  located,  5  miles  southwest 
from  Kenosha  city.  Population  in  1850  was  680.  It  has  7 
school  districts. 

SOOCHERA,  River,  see  Fond  du  Lac  river. 
SOUTH  BRISTOL,  P.  0.,  in  Racine  county. 

SOUTH  GENESEE,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  Genesee,  "Waukesha  county, 
being  town  6  K,  of  range  18  E. 

SOUTH  GROVE,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  Walworth,  Walworth  county,  being 
town  IN.,  of  range  16  E. 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER.  209 

SOUTH  Fork  of  Black  river,  from  the  east,  entering  the  same  in 
town  23  K,  of  range  3  W. 

SOUTH  Fork,  a  tributary  of  Baraboo  river,  in  Bad  Ax  county. 

SOUTHPOET,  Town,)  in  county  of  Kenosha,  being  fractional  towns 
1  and  2  N.,  of  range  23  E.,  on  Lake  Michigan.  Population  in 
1850  was  363.  It  has  7  school  districts. 

SPAFFOED'S  Creek,  a  small  tributary  of  the  Peckatonnica. 

SPENCEE,  River,  a  small  stream  in  La  Pointe  county,  entering 
Lake  Superior. 

SPRING-,  Creek,  a  branch  of  Ockee  creek  in  Lodi,  Columbia  county. 

SPRINGDALE,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Dane  county,  being 
town  Q'N.y  of  range  7  E. 

SPRINGDALE,  Town,  in  county  of  Dane,  being  town  6  E".,  of  range 

7  E.  ;  centrally  located,  14  miles  southwest  from  Madison. 

SPRINGFIELD,  Town,  in  county  of  Dane,  being  town  8  IS".,  of  range 

8  E. ;  centrally  located,  10  miles  northwest  from  Madison.   It 
has  6  school  districts. 

SPRING  GROVE,  P.O.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Green  county,  being 
town  IN.,  of  range  9  E. 

SPRING  GREEN,  Town,  in  county  of  Sauk,  being  all  of  the  ranges 
of  town  8  in  said  county  ;  centrally  located,  southwest  from 
Baraboo.  It  has  14  school  districts. 

SPRING  GROVE,  Town,  in  county  of  Greene,  being  town  1  !&., 
of  range  9.  Population  in  1850  wTas  703.  It  has  7  school 
districts. 

SPRING,  Lake,  is  a  small  lake  in  town  of  Marion,  Waushara  county, 
tributary  to  the  Neenah. 

SPRING,  Lake,  in  town  of  Green  Lake,  Marquette  county,  with  its 
outlet,  forms  one  of  the  inlets  of  Green  Lake. 

SPRING,  Lake,  is  a  small  lake  in  the  north  part  of  Mukworiago, 
Waukesha  county. 


210  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

SPRING,  Prairie,  town  in  county  of  Wai  worth,  being  town  3  IT.,  of 
range  18  E. ;  centrally  located,  6  miles  from  Elkhorn.  Pop 
ulation  in  1850  was  1,344.  It  has  8  school  districts. 

SPRING  PRAIRIE,  P.  F.,  in  town  of  same  name,  on  section  30, 
Walworth  county,  7£  miles  east  from  Elkhorn,  70  miles  south 
east  from  Madison.  Population  200;  with  20  dwellings,  3 
stores,  1  hotel,  and  one  Baptist  church. 

SPRINGY  ALE,  P.  0.,  in  Fond  du  Lac  county. 

SPRINGY  ALE,  Town,  in  county  of  Columbia,  being  town  12  N"., 
of  range  11  E. ;  centrally  located,  12  miles  southeast  from 
Portage  city.  Population  in  1850  was  471.  It  has  4  school 
districts. 

SPRINGVALE,  Town,  in  county  of  Fond  du  Lac,  being  town  15  ~N.,  of 
range  15  E.  ;  centrally  located,  12  miles  southwest  from  Fond 
du  Lac.  Population  in  1850  was  588.  It  has  8  school  dis 
tricts. 

SPRING  VALLEY,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Rock  county,  town 
2  K,  of  range  10  E. 

SPRING  VALLEY,  Town,  in  county  of  Rock,  being  town  2  ~N.,  of 
range  10  E.  ;  centrally  located,  15  miles  southwest  from 
Janesville.  Population  in  1850  was  766.  It  has  7  school 
districts. 

SPRING YILLE,  P.O.,  in  Bad  Ax  county,  on  section  23,  town  13  N., 
of  range  5  W. 

SQUAW  PORTAGE,  River,  in  La  Pointe  county,  running  nearly 
parallel  to  ISTamekagon  river,  entering  the  same  a  few  miles 
above  the  junction  with  the  St.  Croix. 

SQUIRREL,  jKiver,  a  tributary  from  the  west  of  the  Little  Wis 
consin. 

STATE  LINE,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  Sharon  Walworth  county,  being  in 
town  1  N.,  of  range  15  E. 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER.  211 

ST.  CROIX,  County,  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  La  Pointe,  on  the 
east  and  south  by  Chippewa,  on  the  southwest  and  west  by 
the  boundary  between  the  State  and  Minnesota.     The  county 
seat  is  at  Hudson,  formerly  Willow  river,  at  the  mouth  of  a 
stream  of  the  same  name,  emptying  into  Lake  St.  Croix.     It 
was  set  off  from  Crawford,  and  organized  January  29,  1850  ; 
was  attached  to  Crawford  for  judicial  purposes  April  10,  1843, 
and  again  fully  organized  February  26,1848.  The  boundaries 
were  somewhat  changed  March  16,  1849.     It  is  attached  to 
the  third  congressional  district,  to  the  sixth  judicial  circuit, 
and  to  the  nineteenth  senate  district,  and,  with  La  Pointe, 
sends  one  member  to  the  assembly.     It  is  one  of  the  largest 
counties  in  the  State,  being  130  miles  in  length,  and  50  in 
widtli ;  presents  to  the  agriculturist,  in  fertility  of  soil,  well 
watered  and  well  wooded  farms,  in  the  means  of  access  to 
market  through  Lake  St.  Croix  and  the  Mississippi,  and  in 
the  perfect  healthiness  and  salubrity  of  climate,  advantages 
which  are  to  be  found  combined  in  but  few  places  in  the 
West.    The  surface  is  generally  undulating  north  of  the  Falls 
of  St.  Croix.     It  is  mostly  timbered  with  maple  and  other 
hard  woods,  while   south  of  the  Falls  is  a  due  proportion  of 
prairie  and  openings.     But  little  attention  has  yet  been  paid 
to  the  pursuits  of  agriculture,  and  the  manufactories  are  con 
fined  for  the  present  to  pine  lumber.     It  is  well  watered  with 
fine  streams  and  beautiful  lakes.     The  principal  streams  are 
Willow,  Kinnickinnic,  Vermillion,  Isabelle,  and  Rush  river. 
Population  in  1846  was  1,419  ;  in  1847,  1,671;  in  1850,  624; 
with  181  dwellings,  4  farms,  and  2  manufactories.     In  1846 
the  census  returns  included   all  of  the  present  Territory  of 
Minnesota,    east    of  the  Wisconsin   river,  also   the   present 
county  of  La  Pointe.     In  1847  it  included  the  same,  except 
ing  the  county  of  La  Pointe.     This  is  the  reason  why  there 
appears  to  be  a  decrease  in  the  population  from  1847  to  1850. 
County  Officers  :  Judge,  S.  S.  K  Fuller;  Sheriff,  A.  S.Youle; 
Clerk  of  Court,  Joseph  Bowman ;  District  Attorney,  Benja- 


212  WISCONSIN   GAZETTEEK. 

min  Allen  ;  Register,  William  R.  Anderson  ;  Clerk  of  Board 
of  Supervisors,  Charles  R.  Knight ;  Treasurer,  James  M. 
Bailey ;  Surveyor,  William  R.  Anderson ;  Coroner,  Jonathan 
Bailey.  (See  Peirce  and  Polk  Counties.) 

ST.  CROIX,  Lake,  is  an  expansion  of  the  river  of  same  name,  com 
mencing  12-J-  miles  above  its  mouth,  and  extending  to  within 
a  few  rods  of  the  Mississippi,  and  is  about  a  mile  broad. 

ST.  CROIX,  Pinery.  The  amount  of  sawed  pine  lumer  manufac 
tured  at  mills  on  the  Wisconsin  side  of  St.  Croix  river,  annu 
ally,  is  about  20,000,000  feet,  besides  shingles,  logs,  hewed 
timber  and  lath,  to  wit. :  Prescott  Mills,  3,500,000  ;  Kinnikin- 
nick,  1,500,000;  Rush  River,  2,000,000  ;  Hudson,  2,000,000; 
Willow  River,  4,000,000 ;  Osceola,  3,000,000  ;  Falls  of  St. 
Croix,  4,000,000.  Total,  20,000,000. 

ST.  CROIX,  River,  rises  in  upper  St.  Croix  Lake,  within  two  miles 
of  the  B-jis  Brule  river  of  Lake  Superior,  and  enters  the  Mis 
sissippi  river  a  few  miles  above  Lake  Pepin,  having  a  descent 
of  about  230  feet.  At  the  different  mills  on  this  river  are 
manufactured  26,000,000  feet  of  lumber.  It  is  about  300  feet 
wide,  and  is  navigable  to  the  Falls. 

STEPHENS'  Point,  town  in  county  of  Portage,  being  towns  24  and 
25  N.,  of  ranges  5,  6,  7,  and  8. 

STEVENS'  POINT,  P.  F".,  in  Portage  county,  on  section  32,  town  24 
N.,  of  range  8  E.,  5£  miles  north  of  Plover,  and  120  miles 
north  of  Madison,  on  the  Wisconsin  river.  It  is  the  principal 
depot  of  the  lumbering  trade  of  the  Upper  Wisconsin,  from 
which  most  of  the  lumbermen  make  their  outfits  both  for  the 
pine  forest  in  the  fall,  and  for  St.  Louis,  with  rafts,  in  the 
spring;  is  beautifully  situated,  is  proverbially  healthy,  and 
rapidly  being  built  up.  It  will  probably  be  the  first  point  at 
which  two  great  thoroughfares  will  meet — a  rail  road  from 
Chicago  to  Oritonagon,  of  the  Lake  Superior,  and  from  Green 
Bay  to  St.  Pauls,  of  the  Mississippi.  A  plank  road  is  about 
to  be  commenced  from  Green  Bay  to  this  place,  and  another 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  213 

is  projected  from  Berlin.  The  surrounding  country  is  fast 
sertl'n^,  and  is  adapted  to  farming  equally  as  the  up  river 
country  is  ore-eminent  for  lumbering.  The  land  office  of  the 
Stevens'  Po'nt  land  district  is  located  here.  Population  500  ; 
with  S-i  dwellings,  9  stores,  4  hotels,  3  mills  ;  1  chair,  1  bed- 
stea'l,  1  leather,  1  harness,  and  1  sash  manufactory;  2  tailors, 

2  blacksmiths,  -  shoemakers.  1  sleigh  and  waggon  maker,  and 

3  organized  religious  societies. 

ST.  Louis.  Ric-.r,  rises  in  several  small  lakes  in  latitude  48°  N., 
luTigi'.udo  10°  W.  from  Washington,  and- enters  west  end  of 
Lake  Superior. 

STOCKBEIDGE,  P.  0.,  in  Calumet  county,  at  mouth  of  a  small 
stream  entering  Lake  Winnebago. 

STOCKBIUDGE,  Town,  in  county  of  Calumet.  It  has  5  school  dis 
tricts. 

STOXEU'S  PRAIIHE,  P.O.,  on  section  17,  on  prairie  of  same  name,  in 
town  G,  of  range  9  E.,  being  town  of  Fitchburg,  Dane  county, 
8  miles  southwest  from  Madison. 

STOXEY  Creek,  is  a  small  stream  in  the  north  part  of  "Washington 
county,  in  the  towns  of  Fredonia  and  Farmington,  uniting 
with  Pigeon  Creek,  enter?  the  Milwaukee  river  in  southeast 
corner  of  the  town  of  Farmington. 

STOXEY,  Creek,  rises  in  town  of  Clayton,  Winnebago  county,  and 
runs  northeast  into  the  Little  Butte  des  Moris  Lake. 

STOXEY  Hill,  in  Marquette  county,  being  town  17  N.,  of  range  9 
E.,  between  Montello  Eiver  and  Deer  Creek. 

STOUGHTON,  P.  V.,  in  Dane  county,  on  section  8,  in  town  of  Dun- 
kirk,  In.' ing  town  5  X.,  of  range  11  E.,  16  miles  southeast  from 
Madison  ;  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  Catfish  river,  a  few 
miles  below  the  First  Lake,  and  is  on  the  route  of  the  Mil 
waukee  and  Mississippi  rail  road,  20  miles  from  Janesville, 
and  18  miles  from  Milton.  It  has  a  good  hydraulic  power, 
with  a  sufficient  supply  of  water,  having  a  head  of  9  feet.  It 

15 


214  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

is  in  one  of  the  most  productive  farming  sections  of  the  State. 
Population  150,  with  30  dwellings,  2  stores,  2  hotels,  1  grist 
and  1  saw  mill. 

STRAWBERRY  Islands,  Green  Bay,  between  Chamber's  Island  and 
Eagle  Bay. 

STRONG'S  LANDING,  Village,  see  BERLIN,  P.  V.,  (Appendix.) 

STURGEON,  Bay,  a  long  point  of  water  extending  from  Green  Bay 
across  Door  county,  into  within  2  miles  of  Lake  Michigan.  It 
is  6  miles  wide,  and  15  miles  in  length,  narrowing  towards  its 
head,  where  it  receives  a  small  stream. 

STURGEON,  Falls,  are  falls  of  the  Menomonee  river,  of  14  feet  in 
the  distance  of  1,000  feet. 

STURGEON,  Portage,  Door  county,  is  the  portage  from  Big  Stur 
geon  Bay  to  Lake  Michigan,  about  1J  miles. 

SUGAR,  Creek,  in  town  of  same  name,  Wai  worth  county,  and  run 
ning  southeast  unites  with  Geneva  Creek,  entering  Pishtaka 
river  at  Burlington. 

SUGAR,  Creek,  a  branch  of  Sugar  river,  rises  in  town  of  Sylvester, 
Green  county,  and  runs  southeast,  entering  Sugar  river  op 
posite  to  Clare ville. 

SUGAR  CREEK,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Wai  worth  county,  in 
town  3  N.,  of  range  16  E. 

SUGAR  CREEK,  Town,  in  county  of  Wai  worth,  being  town  3  'N.,  of 
range  1 6  E.;  centrally  located,  5  miles  northwest  from  Elk- 
horn.  Population  in  1850  was  1,229.  It  has  7  school  dis 
tricts. 

SUGAR,  River,  rises  in  town  of  Primrose,  Dane  county,  runs  south 
east  through  Green  and  Rock  counties,  into  the  State  of 
Illinois.  It  empties  into  the  Peckatonnica,  in  Winnebago 
county,  Illinois. 

SUGAR  HIVER,  Diggings,  a  point  of  some  considerable  importance 
as  a  mining  settlement.  It  is  in  town  4  !N".,  of  range  8,  Green 
county,  and  is  known  by  the  name  of  Exeter. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  215 

SULLIVAN,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Jefferson  county,  being 
town  6  N.,  of  range  16  E. 

SULLIVAN,  Toivn,  in  county  of  Jefferson,  being  town  6  N".,  of  range 

16  E. ;  centrally  located,  nine  miles  east  from  Jefferson.  Pop 
ulation  in  1850  was  872.     It  has  6  school  districts. 

SULPHUR,  Springs,  in  town  of  Holland,  Sheboygan  county. 

SUMMERVILLE,  P.  F,  Rock  county,  on  sections  1  and  2  of  Clinton, 
being  town  1  N.,  of  range  14  E.,  15  miles  southeast  of  Janes- 
ville,  and  60  southeast  from  Madison,  on  stage  and  mail  route 
from  Milwaukee  to  Beloit,  at  crossing  of  road  from  Johns 
town  to  Belvidere,  111.  In  a  good  farming  district  of  prairie, 
timber,  and  openings.  It  has  85  inhabitants,  with  17  dwel 
lings,  1  store,  2  hotels,  2  blacksmiths,  and  2  organized  reli 
gious  denominations. 

SUMMIT,  P.  F.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Waukesha  county,  15  miles 
northwest  from  "Waukesha. 

SUMMIT,  Town,  in  county  of  Waukesha,  being  town  17  X.,  of  range 

17  E. ;  centrally  located,  15  miles  west  from  Waukesha.   Pop 
ulation  in  1850  was  1,008.     It  has  6  school  districts. 

SUN  PRAIRIE,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Dane  county,  being 
town  8  IS".,  of  range  11  E. 

SUN  PRAIRIE,  Town,  in  county  of  Dane,  being  town  8  N.,  of  range 
11  E. ;  centrally  located,  10  miles  northeast  from  Madison.  It 
has  6  school  districts. 

SUSSEX,  P.  F.,  in  town  of  Lisbon,  Waukesha  county,  on  section 
26,  town  8  ^N".,  of  range  19  E.,  10  miles  north  from  Wauke 
sha,  and  60  miles  east  of  Madison,  1J  miles  north  of  the  Mil 
waukee  and  Lisbon  plank  road,  in  a  fine  farming  country, 
well  adapted  to  raising  the  winter  grains.  Population  100  ; 
with  15  dwellings,  1  waggon  shop,  1  shoe  shop,  2  black 
smiths,  1  saw  mill,  1  school  house,  and  an  Episcopal  church. 

SWAN,  Lake,  Columbia  county,  an  expansion  of  Fox  river  above 
the  Portage,  It  is  half  a  mile  wide,  and  3i  miles  long. 


216  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

SYLVANIA,  P.  0.,  in  Kacine  county. 

SYLVESTER,  Town,  in  county  of  Green,  being  in  town  2  K.,  of 
range  8  E. ;  centrally  located,  8  miles  east  from  Monroe. 
Population  in  1850  was  712.  It  has  12  school  districts. 

SYLVESTER,  P.  V.,  Green  county,  on  section  11,  town  2  X.,  of  range 
8  E.,  9  miles  northeast  from  Monroe,  and  35  miles  southwest 
from  Madison.  Population  300 ;  with  70  dwellings,  1  store, 
1  hotel,  and  3  religious  denominations. 

TAINTER'S,  Creek,  enters  the  Kickapoo  from  the  northwest,  in  town 
10  K,  of  range  7  W. 

TALKING  FISH,  River,  a  tributary  of  Lake  Superior,  enters  Sbag- 
wamigon  Bay.  south  of  Magdalen  Island,  in  La  Pointe  county. 

TAMARAC,  Creek,  a  tributary  near  its  mouth  of  Trampaleau  river 
from  the  east. 

TAYNAH,  Creek ^  is  a  small  tributary  of  the  Wisconsin,  in  Columbia 
county.  See  Rocky  Run. 

TAYCHF.DAH,  P.  V.,  near  Fond  du  Lac  City,  on  Lake  Winnebago, 
in  Fond  du  Lac  county. 

TAYCHEDAH,  Town,  in  county  of  Fond  du  Lac,  being  the  north  third 
of  town  15,  and  south  half  of  town  16  N.,  of  range  18  E. ; 
centrally  located,  6  miles  from  Fond  du  Lac  City.  Population 
in  1850  was  798.  It  has  5  school  districts. 

TECHORA,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  Green  Lake,  Marquette  county,  being 
on  section  33,  town  15  1ST.,  of  range  13  E. ;  14  miles  from 
Montello. 

TELUNGOWAN,  River,  see  Duck  River. 

TEOTSA,  P.  V.,  on  section  12,  town  4  N.,  of  range  13  E.,  in  Rock 
county;  10  miles  north  from  Janesville,  and  30  southeast 
from  Madison.  It  is  on  Rock  River.  Population  100  ;  with 
25  dwellings,  1  store,  1  hotel,  and  1  mill.  Denominations, 
SeYenth-day  Baptists  and  First-day  Baptists. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  2l7 

THERESA,  Town,  in  county  of  Dodge,  being  town  12  N.,  of  range 
IT  E. ;  centrally  located,  14  miles  northeast  from  Juneau.  It 

has  5  school  districts. 

Tin.EKSA,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  same  name,  on  section  10,  Dodge 
comity,  15  miles  northeast  from  Juneau,  and  f>4  miles  north 
east  from  Madison.  It  is  situated  on  the  old  Milwaukee  and 
Fond  du  Lac  road  at  the  crossing  of  Rock  river.  Population 
200 ;  with  30  dwellings,  2  stores,  2  hotels,  1  grist  and  1  saw 
mill,  1  pearl  ash  manufactory,  and  several  mechanical  shops. 

THE  SISTERS  Islands,  in  Green  Bay,  near  eastern  shore,  about  5 
miles  northeast  from  Eagle  Harbor. 

TRIED,  Lalw,  adjoining  and  east  of  Madison,  Dane  county,  is  of 
the  Four  Lakes  group,  6  miles  long  and  2  miles  broad.  It  is 
also  called  Menona. 

THOMPSON VILLE,  P.  V.,  in  county  of  Racine,  being  on  section  30, 
in  township  4  ^N".,  of  range  22  E.,  town  of  Caledonia.  It  is 
9  miles  from  Racine,  and  90  miles  southeast  from  Madison. 
It  is  located  on  the  borders  of  prairie  and  timber,  at  the  cor 
ners  of  two  public  roads,  with  a  plank  road  to  the  city  of 
Racine,  and  on  the  line  between  the  towns  of  Caledonia  and 
Raymond.  Population  40,  with  12  dwellings,  1  store,  2  hotels, 
with  mechanics  of  various  kinds.  Xame  changed  to  "Whites- 
ville. 

THORN  APPLE,  Credit,  rises  in  town  23  1ST.,  of  range  23  E.,  in  Ke- 
wauneQ  county,  runs  southerly,  discharging  its  waters  into 
Ea-t  Twin  river,  in  Manitowoc  county. 

TOKEN,  CweTc,  the  principal  inlet  of  Fourth  Lake,  mostly  in  Wind 
sor  and  Westport,  Dane  county. 

TOLAND'S  PRAIRIE,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  Erin,  Washington  county, 
being  town  9  X.,  of  range  18  E. 

TOMAHAWK,  Lake,  in  the  southeast  corner  of  La  Pointe  county, 
discharges  its  waters  into  the  Mississippi,  through  Chippewa 
river. 


218  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

TREMPELEAU,  Mountain,  see  Mount  Trempeleau. 

TREMPELEAU,  River,  a  considerable  tributary  of  the  Mississippi, 
in  La  Crosse  county,  enters  the  same  near  Mount  Trempeleau, 
about  15  miles  northwest  from  the  mouth  of  Black  river. 

TRENTON  CORNERS,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  same  name.  Dodge  county, 
being  town  13,  ~N.,  of  range  14  E. 

TRENTON,  Town,  in  county  of  Washington,  being  town  UN.,  of 
range  20  E. ;  centrally  located,  12  miles  west  from  Ozaukee. 
It  has  6  school  districts. 

TRENTON,  Town,  in  county  of  Dodge,  being  town  13  1ST.,  and  north 
half  of  town  12  N.,  of  range  14 ;  centrally  located,  14  miles 
northwest  from  Juneau.  Population  in  1850  was  997.  It 
has  11  school  districts. 

TRENTON,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  same  name,  on  section  1,  "Washington 
county,  11  miles  northwest  from  Ozaukee,  and  90  miles 
easterly  from  Madison.  Population  75  ;  with  20  dwellings, 
and  2  mills. 

TROUT,  Creek,  enters  the  Mississippi  in  town  8  !N".,  in  Crawford 
county. 

TROUT,  Creek,  Grant  county,  a  small  stream  entering  the  Wiscon 
sin,  in  town  of  Fennimore. 

TROUT,  Lcike,  is  near  the  head  of  the  Manidowish  river,  in  Mara 
thon  county.  It  is  a  beautiful  body  of  clear  water,  8  miles 
long  and  four  wide,  and  yields  a  great  quantity  of  the  fine 
fish  from  which  it  is  named. 

TROY,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Wai  worth  county. 

TROY  CENTRE,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  Troy,  Wai  worth  county,  being 
towTn  4  N.,  of  range  17  E. 

TROY  LAKES,  P.V.,  in  town  of  East  Troy,  Wai  worth  county,  being 
town  4  N".,  of  range  18  E. 

TRUMBELLE,  River,  rises  in  town  27  !N".,  of  range  18  E.,  in  St. 
Croix  county,  and  runs  south,  emptying  into  the  Mississippi, 
near  the  head  waters  of  Lake  Pepin. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  219 

TUCK-KIP-PING,  Lake,  is  about  2  miles  in  length,  situated  in  the 
northeast  corner  of  the  town  of  Merton. 

TURTLE,  Cseek,  rises  in  Turtle  Lake,  rear  the  northeast  corner  of 
Richmond,  Walworth  county,  and  runs  Southwest  into  Rock 
river,  at  Beloit. 

TURTLE,  Lake,  is  in  the  eastern  part  of  Richmond,  Wai  worth  county, 
and  falls  into  Rock  river,  at  Beloit,  through  Turtle  creek. 

TURTLE,  Town,  in  county  of  Rock,  being  town  1  E\,  of  range  13 
E. ;  centrally  located,  7  miles  east  from  Janesville.  Popula 
tion  in  1850  was  966.  It  has  7  school  districts. 

TWELVE  APOSTLES,  Inlands,  in  Lake  Superior,  La  Pointe  county, 
near  the  17°  X.  latitude,  and  14°  "W.  longitude  from  Wash 
ington.  They  embrace  in  all  an  area  of  about  400  square 
miles,  of  which  one  half  is  water.  The  soil  in  some  portions 
is  good,  but  in  the  major  part  difficult  to  clear  and  cultivate. 
The  waters  about  these  islands  afford  excellent  white  fish, 
siscorret  and  trout.  In  regard  to  health,  no  portion  of  the 
Continent  surpasses  the  Apostle  Islands.  In  the  summer 
months  they  present  to  residents  of  the  south  the  most  cool 
and  delightful  resort  that  can  be  imagined,  and  for  invalids 
especially ;  such  as  are  effected  in  the  liver  and  lungs,  the 
uniform  bracing  atmosphere  produces  the  most  surprising  and 
beneficial  results. 

TWIN,  Civdi,  a  tributary  from  the  north  of  Baraboo  river,  in  Sank 
county,  which  it  enters  in  town  13  N".,  of  range  4  W. 

TWIN,  Lakes,  see  JSTashotah  Lakes. 

TWIN,  Rivers,  (Nashotah  Rivers),  E.  and  W.,  have  their  sources, 
the  one  in  Kewaunee,  the  other  in  Brown  county,  and  run 
nearly  parallel  to  the  southeast,  uniting,  and  enter  Lake  Mich 
igan  at  the  village  of  Two  Rivers,  Manitowoc  county. 

Two  RIVERS,  P.  V.,  is  situated  on  the  shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  at 
the  mouth  of  Twin  Rivers,  on  section  1,  town  19,  of  range  24 
E.,  6  miles  northeast  from  Manitowoc.  It  is  quite  an  impor 
tant  place,  and  does  a  large  trade  in  lumber,  fish,  leather,  &c. 


220  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

ULAO,  P.  0.,  in  "Washington  county. 
UNION  GROVE,  P  0.,  in  Racine  county. 

UNION,  jP.  V.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Rock  county,  being  town 
4JS".,  of  range  1.0  E. 

UNION,  Town,  in  county  of  Rock,  bein^  town  4  X.,  of  range  10  E. ; 
centrally  located,  16  miles  northwest  from  Janesville.  Popu 
lation  in  1850  was  1,050.  It  lias  9  school  districts. 

UPPER  ST.  GROIX,   Lake,  is  on  the  St.  Croix  river,  in  La  Pointe 

county.     It  is  about  12  miles  long  and  nearly  3  wide,  and  is 

noted  for  the  depth  and  clearness  of  its  water,  and  a  small 
island  near  its  outlet. 

URSINE,  P.  0.,  in  Grant  county. 

UTTER'S  CORNERS,  P.  V.,  Walworth  county,  on  section  6,  town  3 
1ST.,  of  range  15  E.,  being  town  of  Richmond,  15  miles  north 
west  from  Elkhorn,  and  about  50  miles  southeast  from  Maui- 
son.  It  has  a  store,  hotel,  and  Methodist  church,  and  is 
surrounded  by  a  good  farming  country. 

UTICA,  Town,  in  county  of  Wirmebago,  being  town  17  IS".,  of 
range  15  E.  ;  centrally  located,  12  miles  southwest  from  Osh- 
kosh.  Population  in  1850  was  630.  It  has  6  school  districts. 

VASEAUX,  Lake,  head  of  the  northwest  branch  of  the  Xeenah. 

YERMILLION,  River,  rises  near  the  head  waters  of  the  Kinnikinnic 
river,  and  runs  southerly,  entering  the  Mississippi. 

VERNON,  P.  I7".,  is  located  on  section  9  in  town  of  same  name, 
Waukesha  county,  8  miles  smith  from  Waukesha,  and  TO 
miles  southeast  from  Madison.  It  is  situated  in  a  well  tim 
bered  and  watered  vicinity.  Population  40 ;  with  11  dwel 
lings,  1  store,  1  hotel,  1  blacksmith  and  waggon  shop,  and 
2  organized  religions  denominations. 

YERNON,  Town,  in  county  of  Waukesha,  being  town  5  "N.,  of  range 
19  E.  ;  centrally  located,  9  miles  south  from  Waukesha. 
Population  in  1850  was  889.  It  has  11  school  districts. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  221 

YERONA,  P.  0..  in  town  of  same  name,  Dane  county,  on  Badger 

prairie,  town  6  2s".,  of  range  8  E. 
YERONA,  Town,  in  county  of  Dane,  being  town  9  !N".,  of  range  9 

E.  ;  centrally  located,  nine  miles  southwest  from  Madison.  It 

has  9  school  districts. 
YIENNA,  P.  V.,  in    town    of  Spring   Prairie,    Wai  worth    county, 

being  in  town  3  X.,  of  range  18  E. 

YIENNA,  Town,)  in  county  of  Dane,  being  town  9,  of  range  9  E. ; 
centrally  located,  12  miles  north  from  Madison. 

YIEUX  DESERT,  Lake,  see  Kattakittekin. 
YINLAND,  P.O.)  in  Winnebago  county. 

YINLA-ND,  Town-)  in  county  of  Winnebago.  Population  in  1850 
was  756.  It  has  6  school  districts. 

WABANGI  ONIGOM,  Portage,  see  Plover  Portage. 

WABIXCK,  River,  rises  near  the  centre  of  Waupacca  county,  and 
runs  southeast,  entering  Wolf  river  a  mile  north  of  the  mouth 
of  the  Waupacca  river. 

WABIZIPINIKAN,  River,  see  Willow  river. 

WALDWIC,  P.  0.,  in  Iowa  county. 

WALDWIC,  Toion,  in  southeast  corner  of  Iowa  county,  intersected 
by  the  ea>t  Peckatonnica  and  Yellowstone  creek.  It  possesses 
both  prairie  and  timber,  is  sparsely  settled,  and  is  adapted 
both  to  mining  and  farming. 

WALLACE,  P.  0.,  in  Iowa  county. 
WALNUT  SPRINGS,  P.  0.,  in  Green  county. 

WALWORTH,  County,  is  bounded  north  by  Jefferson  and  Waukesha, 
east  by  Racine  and  Kenosha,  south  by  the  State  of  Illinois, 
arid  west  by  Pc<>ck.  It  was  set  off  Dec.  7,  1836,  from  Mil 
waukee,  to  which  it  was  attached  for  judicial  purposes,  and 
was  fully  organized  January  17,  1838.  The  county  seat  is  at 
Elkhorn,  the  centre  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  for  the 
most  part  undulating,  but  through  its  whole  extent  there  are 


222  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

small  bodies  of  level  prairie  or  meadow  land,  and  abrupt  and 
irregular  hills  or  knobs.  A  chain  of  these  enters  the  county, 
about  the  middle  of  the  northern  line,  and  runs  through  the 
northwestern  corner.  The  greater  portion  of  the  county  con 
sists  of  oak  openings.  There  are  some  12  or  more  prairies  of 
limited  size,  exclusive  of  low  lands  and  marshes.  There  are 
also  a  few  small  bodies  of  heavy  timber.  Of  soil,  there  are 
many  varieties.  The  prairie — high  and  low  ;  the  openings — 
of  white,  black,  and  burr  oak ;  all  have  their  peculiarities  of 
soil,  and  are  all  fitted  in  a  high  degree  to  the  different  pro 
ductions  of  the  country.  The  most  considerable  streams  are 
the  Geneva  Outlet,  Sugar  and  Honey  Creeks,  running  east 
ward  into  Fox  river  and  Turtle  and  Whitewater  creeks,  run 
ning  westward  into  Eock  river.  These  all  head  in  the  county, 
and  are  fed  by  springs.  The  population  of  the  county  consists 
mainly  of  people  from  the  Xew  England  and  other  Eastern 
States.  It  ranks  among  the  very  first  counties  of  the  State  for 
its  intelligence,  enterprize,  fertility  and  wealth.  The  principal 
villages  are  Geneva,  Delavan,  Whitewater,  Elkhorn  and  East 
Troy.  Population  in  1838,  1,019;  1810,  2,611 ;  1842,  4,618  ; 
1846,  13,439;  1847,  15,039;  1850,  17,866;  with  1,960  farms, 
3,092  dwellings,  and  82  manufactories.  It  belongs  to  the  first 
judicial  circuit,  the  first  congressional  district,  forms  the 
twelfth  senate  district,  and  sends  five  members  to  the  assem 
bly,  as  follows :  1.  Towns  of  Whitewater,  Richmond  and  La 
Grange.  2.  Towns  of  Sugar  Creek,  Lafayette  and  Troy.  3. 
Towns  of  East  Troy  and  Spring  Prairie.  4.  Elkhorn,  Geneva 
and  Hudson.  5.  Delavan,  Darien  and  Sharon.  6.  Walworth, 
Linn,  and  Bloomfield.  County  Officers:  Judge,  William  C. 
Allen;  Sheriff,  J.  C.  drum;  Clerk  of  Court,  Win.  II.  Pettit; 
Register,  John  Perry. 

WALWOKTH,  P.  V.,  near  centre  of  town  of  same  name,  on  section 
17 ;  11  miles  southwest  from  Elkhorn,  and  70  miles  southeast 
from  Madison,  in  a  good  farming  region.  Population  60,  with 
10  dwellings,  1  store,  and  a  Baptist  Church. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  223 

WAL  WORTH,  Town,  in  county  of  Wai  worth,  being  town  1  K.  of 
range  16  E. ;  centrally  located,  10  miles  southwest  from  Elk- 
horn.  Population  in  1850  was  OCT.  It  has  7"  school  districts. 

WARNER'S,  Oreek^  a  small  stream  entering  the  Wisconsin,  in  town 
6  JN".,  of  range  5  W.,  Grant  county. 

WARNER'S  LANDING,  P.  0.,  (discontinued),  in  Bad  Ax  county. 
WARREN,  P.  0.,  in  Rock  county. 

WARREN,  Town,  in  county  of  Waushara,  being  town  18  K.,  of 

range  12. 

WARREN,  Town,  Waukesha  county,  name  changed  to  Merton. 
WARWICK,  P.  0.,  in  Marqiiette  county. 

WASHINGTON,  County,  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Fond  du  Lac 
and  Sheboygan,  on  the  east  by  the  State  line  in  Lake  Michigan, 
on  the  south  by  Milwaukee  and  Waukesha,  and  on  the  west 
by  Dodge.  It  was  set  off  from  Milwaukee  December  7, 
1836,  was  organized  for  county  purposes  August  30,  1840, 
and  fully  established  February  20,  1845.  By  an  act  of  the 
legislature,  approved  in  1853,  the  portion  of  the  county 
east  of  range  20,  was  set  off  and  organized  into  a  new 
county,  by  the  name  of  Ozaukee,  and  the  county  seat  of 
the  new  county  was  fixed  at  Ozaukee,  (Port  Washington), 
and  that  of  Washington  county,  at  West  Bend,  near  the 
centre  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  rolling,  and  abounds  in 
living  springs  and  streams  of  water,  and  is  heavily  timbered 
with  oak,  beech,  maple,  ash,  &c.  A  large  majority  of  the 
farmers  are  hardy  Germans,  who  cultivate  thoroughly.  Wheat 
has  been  a  surer  crop  for  the  last  few  years  in  this  than  in  any 
other  county  in  the  State.  The  soil  is  well  adapted  to  the 
raising  of  the  grape  and  to  tillage.  The  county  is  connected 
with  the  third  judicial  circuit,  and  with  the  third  congres 
sional  district,  and  its  legislative  representation  is  as  follows : 
The  towns  of  Mequon,  Cedarburg,  Grafton,  Port  Washington, 
Saukville,  Fredonia  and  Belgium,  constitute  the  third  senate 


224  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

district.  The  towns  of  Erin,  Richfield,  Germantown,  Jack 
son,  Polk,  Hartford,  Addison,  West  Bend,  Newark,  Trenton, 
Farmington,  Kewaskum  and  Wayne,  constitute  the  fourth 
senate  district.  First  assembly  district,  towns  of  Belgium, 
Fredonia,  Saukville,  and  Port  Washington.  Second  assembly 
district,  towns  of  Cedarburg,  Graf  ton  and  Meqnon.  Third 
assembly  district,  towns  of  Erin,  Richfield,  Polk,  Jackson, 
and  Germantown.  Fourth  assembly  district,  Hartford,  Addi 
son,  Wayne,  Kewaskum,  Newark,  West  Bend,  Trenton  and 
Farmington.  The  principal  streams  are  the  Milwaukee  river 
and  Oconomowoc  creek.  Population  in  1838,  64;  1840.  343; 
1842,  965;  1846,  7,473;  1847,  15,447;  1850,  19,476.  There 
are  1,636  farms,  381  buildings,  and  7  manufactories. 

WASHINGTON,  Town,  in  county  of  Green,  being  town  3  "N.,  of 
range  7 ;  centrally  located,  8  miles  north  from  Monroe.  Pop 
ulation  in  1850  was  317.  It  has  4  school  districts. 

WASHWAGOWING,  Lake,  see  Flambeau  Lake. 

WASSAWA,  Lake,  see  Yellow  Lake. 

WASSAWA,  Hiver,  see  Yellow  River. 

WATERFORD,  P.  V.,  on  section  35,  in  town  of  Rochester,  Racine 
county  ;  23  miles  northwest  from  city  of  Racine,  and  SO  miles 
southeast  from  Madison.  It  is  situated  on  Fox  river  (Pishtaka) 
25  miles  southwest  from  Milwaukee,  and  has  a  fine  hydraulic 
power.  Population  500,  with  100  dwellings,  4  stores,  2  hotels, 

2  flouring  mills,  3  saw  mills,   several  mechanical  shops,  and 
a  woollen  factory  ;  with  4  denominations — Baptist,  Methodist, 
Presbyterian  and  Catholic — the  latter  having  a  good  church 
edifice. 

WATERLOO,  Town,  in  county  of  Jefferson,  being  town  8  N.,  of 
range  13  E.  ;  centrally  located,  12  miles  northwest  from  Jef 
ferson.  Population  in  1850  was  831.  It  has  6  school  districts. 

WATERLOO,  Town,  in  county  of  Grant,  being  fractional  town  2  and 

3  K,  of  range  4  W. ;  centrally  located,  12  miles  southwest 
from  Lancaster.     It  has  2  school  districts. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  225 

WATERLOO,  P.  F.,  on  section  8,  in  town  of  same  name,  Jefferson 
county,  being  the  most  northwest  town  in  said  county.  It  is 
16  miles  n"i'thwest  from  Jefferflon,  and  25  miles  east  from 
Madison.  The  location  is  on  a  creek  of  the  same  name,  with 
a  good  hydraulic  power  sufficient  for  three  mills  now  in  oper 
ation.  Population  200,  with  60  dwellings,  4  store*,  2  hotels, 

1  church,  1  pump  and  1  fanning  mill  manufactory,  1  cabinet, 

2  waggon,  1  plough  and  3  blacksmith  shops. 

WATERLOO,  Crteft,  rises  in  Bristol,  Dane  county,  runs  southeast 
into  Jefferson  county,  thence  northeast,  emptying  into  Craw 
fish  river  in  Portland,  Dodge  county. 

WATERTOWX,  City,  is  situated  on  both  side?  of  Rock  river,  at  the 
line  between  Dodge  and  Jefferson  county,  on  the  old  stage 
route,  halfway  (40  miles)  between  Madison  and  Milwaukee, 
and  12  miles  north  of  Jefferson.  It  is  connected  with  Mil 
waukee  by  a  plank  road,  and  is  a  point  in  the  charters  of 
several  rail  roads.  The  location  of  Watertown,  in  the  heart 
of  an  excellent  farming  country,  its  good  hydraulic  power, 
access  to  market,  and  the  energy  and  spirit  of  its  inhabitants, 
cannot  fail  to  have  it  continue,  as  it  now  is,  one  of  the  largest 
and  most  important  inland  towns  in  the  State.  The  following 
are  some  of  the  statistics  of  the  place  taken  in  May,  1^53: — 
Watertown  now  contains  4,000  inhabitants;  with  6  dry  good, 
11  grocery,  2  drug,  and  3  hardware  stores,  15  taverns,  1 
tobacconist,  2  bakeries,  3  meat  markets,  and  2  livery  stables, 
7  blacksmith,  6  waggon,  2  joiner,  2  jewelry,  4  tin,  6  cabinet, 
1  chair,  1  machine,  and  5  shoe  shops  ;  1  fork  and  hoe,  1  plough, 
1  door  and  sash,  and  1  saleratus  factory  ;  3  flouring  and  4  saw 
mills ;  1  fanning  mill  and  2  harness  maker's  shops ;  2  book 
stores,  2  barber's  shops,  1  gunsmith,  1  tannery,  1  furnace, 
1  pottery,  1  oil  mil,  1  carding  machine,  1  rake  and  cradle, 
factory,  1  woollen  and  yarn  factory,  2  printing  offices,  6  school 
houses,  2  select  schools,  Jones's  Exchange  bank,  and  several 
lawyer's  offices. 


226  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

WATER-TOWN,  Town,  in  county  of  Jefferson,  being  town  8  N.,  of 
range  15  E. ;  centrally  located,  11  miles  north  of  Jefferson. 
Population  in  1850,  including  village  of  same  name,  was  1850. 
It  has  14  school  districts. 

WATEEVILLE,  P.  V.,  in  east  corner  of  Summit,  Waukesha  county. 

WATJKAU,  P.  V.,  on  section  36,  in  town  of  Rushford,  Winnebago 
county,  12  miles  southwest  from  Oshkosh,  and  about  60  miles 
northeast  from  Madison,  2s  miles  south  of  Neenah  river,  on 
the  outlet  of  Rush  Lake,  with  30  feet  fall  of  water,  in  a  good 
and  productive  section  of  farming  land.  Population  500,  with 
150  dwellings,  7  stores,  3  hotels,  5  mills,  and  considerable 
water  power  unoccupied. 

WAUKESHA,  County,  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Dodge  and  Wash 
ington,  on  the  east  by  Milwaukee,  on  the  south  by  Walworth 
and  Racine,  on  the  west  by  Jefferson,  and  is  24  miles  square. 
It  was  set  oft'  from  Milwaukee  and  fully  organized  January 
31,  1846.  The  eastern  portion  of  the  county  is  heavily  tim 
bered,  while  the  western  is  divided  between  oak  openings, 
prairie  and  marsh.  The  soil  is  good  and  well  adapted  to  tillage 
and  grazing.  The  county  is  distinguished  for  its  numerous 
and  beautiful  lakes,  there  being  probably  more  than  30  within 
its  limits.  It  is  watered  by  the  Fox,  (Pishtaka),  Menomonee, 
Ashippin  and  Bark  rivers,  and  Oconomowoc,  Scupernong, 
Poplar,  White  and  Mukwonago  creeks.  Population  in  1846 
was  13,793;  1847,  15,866;  1850,  19,324.  It  has  2,561  dwel 
lings,  1,743  farms,  and  78  manufactories.  The  county  of 
Waukesha  is  in  the  first  congressional  district  and  the  second 
judicial  circuit,  and  its  legislative  representation  is  as  follows: 
Ninth  senate  district,  towns  of  Oconomowoc,  Morton,  Lisbon, 
Summit,  Menomonee,  Delafield,  Pewaukee,  and  Brookfield. 
Tenth  senate  district,  towns  of  Ottawa,  Genesee,  Waukesha, 
New  Berlin,  Muskego,  Yernon,  Mukwonago  and  Eagle.  The 
assembly  districts  are  as  follows  :  1st.  towns  of  Merton,  Dela 
field,  Summit  and  Oconomowoc.  2nd.  towns  of  Pewaukee, 
Lisbon,  Menomonee  and  Brookiield.  3d.  towns  of  Ottawa, 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  227 

Gonesee,  Mnkwonago  and  Eagle.  4th.  towns  of  Waukesha, 
Vernon,  Muskego  and  New  Berlin.  County  Officers  for  1853 
and  1854::  Judge,  Martin  Field;  Clerk  of  Court,  Lemuel 
White  ;  Kegister,  William  K.  Williams  ;  Sheriff,  Charles  B. 
Ellis ;  Clerk  of  Board  of  Supervisors,  Benjamin  E.  Clark ; 
District  Attorney,  John  E.  Gallagher ;  Surveyor,  John  O. 
Reedsburg. 

WAUKESIIA,  Lake,  is  a  small  lake  in  northwest  corner  of  Norway, 
Racine  county,  about  one  mile  in  diameter  and  three  quarters 
of  a  mile  west  of  Wind  Lake. 

WAUKESHA,  P.  V.  and  C.  II.,  is  located  on  section  3,  town  6,  of 
range  19  E.,  in  town  and  county  of  the  same  name,  18  miles 
west  of  Milwaukee  and  TO  east  of  Madison.  It  is  situated  on 
Fox  river,  (Pishtaka),  near  the  head  of  a  beautiful  prairie  from 
which  it  derived  its  former  name  of  Prairieville.  It  is  situ 
ated  on  the  Milwaukee  and  Mississippi  railroad.  This  place  was 
incorporated  in  1852,  and  has  about  1,500  inhabitants,  1  flour 
ing,  1  saw,  and  1  carding  mill,  1  iron  foundry,  1  machine  and 
car  shop,  3  blacksmiths,  2  coopers,  2  wheelwrights,  6  shoe 
makers,  2  cabinet  makers,  and  4  saddle  and  harness  makers, 
4  hotels,  8  dry  good,  2  drug,  3  hardware  and  7  grocery 
stores,  1  printing  office,  6  churches,  1  academy,  and  is  the 
seat  of  Carroll  College,  incorporated  in  1846.  It  has  a  stone 
courthouse  and  jail  built  of  the  celebrated  WauJcesha  lime 
stone,  and  the  several  societies  of  Masons,  S.  of  T.,  I.  O.  of 
O.  F.,  D.  of  T.,  and  B.  of  U. 

WAUKESIIA,  Town,  in  county  of  same  name,  being  town  6  N.,  of 
range  19  E. ;  centrally  located,  3  miles  south  from  village  of 
Waukesha,  the  county  seat.  Population  in  1850  was  2,314. 
It  has  10  school  districts.  It  is  a  good  township  of  mostly 
prairie,  and  well  watered,  &c. 

WAUPACCA,  P.  0.,  in  Waupacca  county. 

WAUPACCA,  Town,  in  county  and  on  river  of  same  name,  west  of 
Mukwa. 


228  WISCONSIN  GAZETTEP:R. 

WAUPACCA,  County,  is  bounded  on  the  north  and  northeast  by 
Oconto,  on  the  east  bj  Outagamie,  on  the  south  by  Winne- 
bago  and  Waushara,  and  on  the  west  by  Portage.  It  was  set 
off  from  Winnebago  and  established  February  17,  1851,  and 
attached  thereto  for  judicial  purposes.  It  is  watered  by  the 
"Wolf,  Waupacca,  Wabunk,  Embarrass  and  Little  Wolf  rivers, 
and  contains  s »me  of  the  be-t  pine  timber  in  the  State.  It 
being  new,  but  little  is  known  of  its  agricultural  capacities. 
The  county  seat  is  at  Mukwa,  on  Wolf  river.  Waupacca 
county  belongs  to  the  fourth  judicial  circuit,  to  the  second 
senate  and  third  congressional  di.-trict,  and  with  Outagamie 
and  Oconto,  sends  one  member  to  the  assembly. 

WAUPACCA,  Falls,  on  river  of  same  name,  at  which  place  is  a 
descent  of  7  feet. 

WAUPACCA,  River,  rises  near  Plover,  Portage  county,  and  runs 
southeast,  entering  Wolf  river  near  Mukwa. 

WAUPUN,  P.  V.,  in  county  of  Fond  du  Lac,  being  on  section  32, 
town  14  N.,  <  f  range  15  E.,  18  miles  southwest  from  Fond 
du  Lac  city,  and  50  miles  northeast  from  Madison.  The  vil 
lage  is  divided  by  the  county  line  between  Dodge  and  Fund 
du  Lac  counties.  Population  500,  with  100  dwellings.  9  stores, 
2  hotels,  2  mills,  and  1  distillery ;  Presbyterian  and  Baptist 
churches.  The  States  Prison  is  located  at  this  place. 

WAUPUN,  Town,  in  county  of  Fond  du  Lac,  being  town  14  X.,  of 
range  15  E.;  centrally  located,  15  miles  southwest  from  Fond 
du  Lac.  Population  in  1850  was  882.  It  has  5  school  dis 
tricts. 

WAUSAU,  P.  V.  &  C.  H.,  on  sections  25,  35,  26  and  36,  of  town 
29  N.,  of  range  7  E.,  in  Marathon  county,  at  Big  Bull  Fails, 
on  the  Wisconsin.  It  is  150  miles  north  from  Madison.  Its 
location  is  good  for  manufacturing  and  agricultural  interests — 
combining  fertility  of  soil,  unsurpassed  in  the  north — water 
power  sufficient  to  supply  the  State,  if  properly  distributed — 
and  large  quantities  of  pine  for  future  use.  The  place  is  new, 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER.  229 

having  had  a  P.  0.  but  two  years.  The  interest  lumbering 
chiefly  :  bat  recently  attention  has  been  paid  to  the  cultiva 
tion  of  some  of  the  maple  ridges,  which  are  very  numerous, 
and  found  to  repay  the  laborer  largely.  It  has  a  migratory 
population  of  about  300  ;  with  5  stores,  4  hotels,  4  mills  with 
12  run  of  stones,  and  9  saw  mills. 

WAUSHAKA,  County,  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Portage  and  Wau- 
pacca,  east  by  Winnebago,  south  by  Marquette,  and  west  by 
Adam?,  and  is  1.8  miles  north  and  south  by  36  miles  east  and 
west.  It  was  established  February  15,  1851,  from  Marquette, 
remaining  in  judicial  connection  therewith,  until  February 
16,  1852,  when  it  was  completely  organized.  The  seat  of  jus 
tice  is  at  Sacramento,  in  the  southeast  corner  of  the  county, 
on  Fox  river.  This  county  embraces  what  has  been  fami 
liarly  known  recently  as  the  "  Indian  Lands"  of  Marquette 
county.  It  belongs  to  the  third  judicial  circuit.  County 
Officers  for  1^53  and  1854:  Sheriff,  Nathaniel  Boyington  ; 
Clerk  of  Court,  Allyn  Boavdman ;  District  Attorney,  C.  M. 
Seely  ;  Register,  James  S.  Bugh  ;  Clerk  of  Board  of  Super 
visors,  Augustus  P.  IVoyes  ;  Treasurer,  Charles  N.  Shumway; 
Surveyor,  S.  "W.  Hall ;  Coroner,  George  Marshall. 

WAUSHAEA,  Town,  in  county  of  same  name,  being  town  18,  of 
range  13 ;  in  the  southeast  corner  of  which  is  Sacramento, 
the  county  seat. 

WAUSHARA,  P.  T7".,  is  situated  on  section  26,  town  13  N.,  of  range  13 
E.,  in  Dodge  county,  17  miles  northwest  from  Juneau,  and 
43  miles  northeast  from  Madison.  Population  400  ;  with  60 
dwellings,  6  stores,  3  hotels,  2  mills,  2  blacksmiths,  1  waggon 
maker  ;  and  2  churches,  with  5  denominations.  It  is  on  the 
Watertown  and  Fort  Winnebago  road,  and  the  United  States 
road  from  Fond  du  Lac  to  Fort  Winnebago. 

WAUTOMA,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Waushara  county,  on 
section  34,  town  19  N.,  of  range  10  E. 

16 


230  WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER. 

WAUTOMA,  Town,  in  county  of  Waushara,  northwest  from  Sacra 
mento. 

WAUWATOSA,  P.  F".,  in  town  of  same  name,  in  Milwaukee  county, 
5  miles  west  from  Milwaukee,  with  which  it  is  connected  by 
the  M.  &  M.  R.  R.,  and  2  plank  roads.  It  is  near  the  centre 
of  the  township,  and  has  4  stores,  2  hotels,  1  flour  mill.  1  saw 
mill,  various  mechanics,  and  2  churches,  belonging  to  the 
Congregational  and  Baptist  denominations,  costing  respec 
tively  $2,500  and  $2,000,  and  a  good  school  house. 

WAUWATOSA,  Town,  in  county  of  Milwaukee,  being  town  7  N'.,  of 
range  21  E. ;  centrally  located,  5  miles  from  Milwaukee  city. 
Population  2,500.  It  has  11  School  districts.  The  surface  of 
the  country  is  rolling,  with  a  good  soil,  presenting  fine  situa 
tions  for  residences,  many  good  ones  having  been  already 
erected.  The  social,  educational,  and  religious  advantages 
are  of  a  superior  order. 

WAYAKOMING,  Lake  and  Hiver,  form  the  head  waters  of  the  St. 
Croix  river. 

WAYNE,  Town,  in  Lafayette  county. 

WAYNE,  Town,  in  county  of  Washington,  being  town  12  N.,  of 
range  18  E. ;  centrally  located,  24  miles  northwest  from  Ozau- 
kee.  Population  in  1850  was  714.  It  has  10  school  districts. 

WEBSTER,  Island,  a  small  island  in  Fox  Lake,  Dodge  county,  in 
town  13  K,  of  range  13  E. 

WEDG-ER,  Creek*  a  small  branch  of  Black  River,  in  La  Crossc 
county,  from  the  north,  being  in  town  23  !N".,  of  range  2  W. 

WELAUNEE,  P.  0.,  in  Winnebago  county. 

WELCH  Fork,  a  branch  from  the  north  of  Grant  river,  in  Beetown, 
Grant  county. 

WESACOTA,  River  (Brule  or  Wood  River  of  Menomonee),  is  a 
branch  of  the  Menomonee,  forming  a  portion  of  the  boundary 
line  between  Wisconsin  and  Michigan.  It  rises  in  Lake 
Brule,  and  is  about  100  feet  in  width. 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER.  231 

WEST  BEND,  Tovm,  in  county  of  Washington,  being  town  12  N., 
of  range  19  E.  ;  centrally  located,  20  miles  northwest  from 
Ozaukee.  Population  in  1850  was  672.  It  has  4  school 
districts. 

WEST  BEND,  P.  V.  and  0.  H.,  on  section  14,  in  town  of  same 
name,  Washington  county.  It  is  17  miles  west  from  Ozau 
kee,  and  90  miles  northeast  from  Madison,  on  the  Milwaukee 
river,  with  an  excellent  water  power  and  good  general  advan 
tages.  The  county  seat  of  Washington  county  was  estab 
lished  at  this  place  in  1853.  Population  500,  with  200 
dwellings,  7  stores,  2  hotels,  2  mills,  10  mechanical  shops,  1 
church  and  3  denominations.  It  is  on  the  road  from  Ozaukee 
to  Fort  Winnebago,  at  its  junction  with  the  Milwaukee  and 
Fond  du  Lac  plank  road,  and  is  a  point  on  the  air  line  rail 
road  from  Milwaukee  to  Fond  du  Lac. 

WESTFIELD,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Marquette  county. 

WESTFIELD,  Town.,  in  county  of  Marquette,  being  towns  16  and 
17  N.  of  ranges  8  and  9  W. 

WEST  Fork  OF  MONTREAL  River,  a  small  tributary  from  the  south 
west,  of  Montreal  river,  in  La  Pointe  county. 

WEST  POINT,  Town,  in  the  county  of  Columbia,  being  town  10  ~N. 
of  range  7  E.  ;  centrally  located,  17  miles  southwest  from 
Portage.  Population  in  1850  was  197.  It  has  4  school  districts. 

WESTPORT,  Town,  in  county  of  Dane,  being  town  8  !N".  of  range  9 
E. ;  centrally  located,  8  miles  north  of  Madison.  It  has  3 
school  districts. 

WEST  ROSENDALE,  P.  0.,  in  Rosendale,  Fond  du  Lac  county. 
WEYAUWEGO,  P.  V.,  in  Waupacca  county. 

WEYAUWEGO,  Tovm,  in  county  of  Waupacca,  being  town  21  N". 
of  range  13  ;  situated  west  from  Mukwa. 

WHAYPAW,  River,  is  a  tributary,  from  the  west,  of  the  Wisconsin, 
in  Marathon  county. 


232  WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER. 

WHEATLAND,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Kenosha  county. 

WHEATLAND,  Town,  in  county  of  Kenosha,  being  town  1,  and  S. 
one-third  of  town  2  N".  of  range  19  E. ;  centrally  located,  22 
miles  southwest  from  Kenosha  city.  Population  in  1850  was 
1,193.  It  has  11  school  districts. 

WHITE,  Creek,  a  tributary  of  the  Wisconsin,  in  Adams  county. 

WHITE,  Creek,  a  tributary  from  the  west  of  Fox  river,  in  Wauke- 
sha  county. 

WHITE  ELK,  Lakes,  are  four  in  number,  forming  the  most  north 
eastern  head  waters  of  the  Chippewa  river  into  which  they 
run  through  the  Manodowish.  They  are  severally  called 
Lower  White  Elk  Lake,  and  Second,  Third  and  Fourth  White 
Elk  Lakes. 

WHITE  FISH,  Bay,  on  western  shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  in  Door 
county. 

WHITE  FISH,  Lakes,  emptying  into  Little  Wisconsin  river  in  45° 
46'  north  latitude,  about  half-way  between  Wisconsin  and 
Little  Wisconsin  rivers. 

WHITE,  Lake,  in  the  north  part  of  town  25  X.  of  range  17  E.,  in 
Oconto  county,  discharges  its  waters  southwesterly  into  Wolf 
river. 

WHITE,  Rapids,  are  shoals  of  Menomonee  river,  below  Penemee 
Falls. 

WHITE,  River,  rises  in  the  western  part  of  Waushara  county,  and 
runs  southeast,  entering  Fox  river,  in  town  17  north. 

WHITE  DAE:  SPRINGS,  P.  V.,  on  section  32,  town  IN".,  of  range  2 
E. ;  being  in  county  of  Lafayette,  and  distant  5  miles  from 
Shullsburg,  and  80  miles  southwest  from  Madison.  Popula 
tion  100 ;  with  26  dwellings,  4  stores,  and  1  hotel.  Its  loca 
tion  and  advantages  are  as  favorable  as  any  village  in  the 
West.  Lead  ore  abounds  in  large  quantities  in  its  vicinity,  and 
forms  no  inconsiderable  item  in  the  pursuit  of  its  inhabi 
tants. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  233 

WHITE  OAK  SPRINGS,  Town,  of  same  name  in  Lafayette  county, 
on  the  State  line. 

WHITEWATER,  6V^£,  rises  in  town  of  same  name,  Wai  worth 
county,  and  running  northwest,  enters  Bark  river,  about  5 
miles  above  Fort  Atkinson,  in  Jefferson  county. 

WHITEWATER,  P.  V.,  is  situated  on  sections  4  and  5,  in  town  of 
same  name,  in  the  northwest  corner  of  Wai  worth  county  ;  it 
derives  its  name  from  Whitewater  creek  which  passes  through 
it.  It  was  settled  about  the  year  1839.  The  village  has  a  pop 
ulation  of  about  1,000,  derived  mostly  from  New  York,  New 
England  and  Ohio.  There  are  four  well  finished  churches, 
and  the  fifth — the  Catholic — is  erected  and  partly  completed. 
The  buildings  are  generally  neat,  and  in  good  taste,  and  the 
ground?  finely  planted  with  trees  and  shrubbery,  which  con- 
tribnte  to  give  the  place  an  attractive  rural  air.  It  is  one  of 
the  pleasantest  of  our  interior  villages,  and  will  continue  to 
be  a  desirable  place  of  residence.  It  is  the  principal  point 
between  Waukesha  and  Janes ville,  on  the  Milwaukee  and 
Mississippi  rail  road,  and  is  made  the  point  of  intersection  of 
that  road  and  the  proposed  Wisconsin  Central  rail  road,  for 
which  a  company  has  been  recently  chartered,  and  just  or 
ganized.  The  construction  of  this  road,  which  is  confidently 
anticipated,  won  id  render  Whitewater  a  very  central  location, 
on  i he  junction  of  the  main  east  and  west,  and  north  and 
south  rail  road  lines  of  the  State,  and  connect  it,  by  direct 
communication  with  Chicago,  at  90  miles  distance.  It  has  now 
a  considerable  business  in  the  purchase  of  produce  and  the 
sale  of  Limber,  induced  by  the  rail  road.  It  contains  2  grist 
mills,  1  saw  mill,  1  iron  foundry,  1  manufactory  of  pottery 
ware,  and  the  usual  variety  of  stores  and  mechanic  shops,  &c. 
The  location  of  the  village  is  on  a  soil  of  sandy  loam,  which 
secures  dry  streets  and  side  walks,  and  eligible  building  sites. 

WHITEWATER,  Tt>wn,  in  county  of  Walworth,  being  town  4  N..  of 
range  15  E. ;  centrally  located,  13  miles  northwest  from  Elk- 
horn.  Population  in  1850  was  1,252. 


234  WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER. 

WHITEWATER,  Lakes,  are  2  small  lakes,  forming  the  source  of 
Creek  of  same  name,  in  south  part  of  town  of  same  name. 

WHITNEY'S  Mitts,  on  the  Wisconsin,  in  south  part  of  Portage 
county. 

WIGOBIMIS,  Lake,  is  in  the  northwest  part  of  St.  Croix  county,  dis 
charging  its  waters  through  a  river  of  same  name  into  St. 
Croix  river. 

WIGOBIMIS,  River,  is  the  outlet  of  Lake  of  same  name,  in  St.  Croix 
county. 

WILLET,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  Adams,  Green  county. 

WILLIAMSTOWN,  Town,  in  county  of  Dodge,  being  town  12  !N".,  of 
range  16  E. ;  centrally  located,  8  miles  northeast  from  Juneau. 
It  has  6  school  districts. 

WILLOW  CREEK,  P.  0.,  in  Marquette  county. 

WILLOW,  Creek,  rises  in  northeast  corner  of  Richland  county,  and 
running  southwest,  enters  Pine  river,  at  Sextonville. 

WILLOW,  Creek,  rises  in  towrn  of  Wautoma,  Waushara  county,  and 
running  east,  enters  the  west  end  of  Lake  Pauwaicun. 

WILLOW,  Prairie,  Waushara  county,  contains  about  2,000  acres  of 
land.  It  is  in  the  centre  of  town  20  N.,  of  range  8  E. 

WILLOW  EIVER,  P.  O.,  St.  Croix  county.     See  Hudson. 

WILLOW  RIVER,  Town,  (formerly  Beuna  Vista,)  being  town  29  and 
30,  and  west  half  of  town  28  IS".,  of  range  19  W.,  in  which  is 
located  the  county  seat  of  St.  Croix  county.  It  has  3  school 
districts.  Name  changed  to  Hudson  in  1852. 

WILLOW,  River,  rises  in  the  eastern  portion  of  St.  Croix  county, 
and  runs  southwest,  entering  Lake  St.  Croix,  about  18  miles 
above  the  mouth  of  St.  Croix  river,  into  the  Mississippi. 

WILLOW  SPRINGS,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Lafayette  county. 
WILLOW  SPRINGS,  Town,  Lafayette  county. 

WILMOT,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  Salem,  Kenosha  county,  being  in  town 
1  K,  of  range  20  E. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  235 

WILSON,  Twon,  in  county  of  Sheboygan,  being  towns  13  and  14  N., 
of  range  23  E.  ;  centrally  located,  6  miles  south  from  Ozau- 
kee.  It  has  5  school  districts. 

WINCHESTER,  Tmvn,  in  county  of  Winnebago,  being  town  20  N., 
of  range  15  E. ;  centrally  located,  15  miles  northwest  from 
Oshkosh.  It  has  1  school  district. 

WIND,  Lake,  is  in  the  northern  part  of  the  town  of  Norway,  Ra 
cine  county,  and  is  2  miles  long  and  1^  miles  wide. 

WINDSOR,  P.  V.,  on  section  34,  of  town  of  same  name,  Dane 
county,  in  a  good  farming  district,  on  Token  Creek,  10  miles 
northeast  from  Madison,  on  road  to  Portage  city. 

WINDSOR,  Town,  in  county  of  Dane,  being  town  9  X.,  of  range  10 
E. ;  centrally  located,  12  miles  northeast  from  Madison.  It 
has  7  school  districts. 

WINGVILLE,  Town,  in  county  of  Grant,  being  town  6  X.,  of  range 
1  W. ;  centrally  located,  15  miles  northeast  from  Lancaster. 
It  has  7  school  districts. 

WINGVILLE,    Wtlaye,  Grant  county.     See  Montfort  P.  0. 

WINNEBAGO,  County,  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Outagamie,  east 
by  Calumet,  (from  which  it  is  separated  by  Lake  Winnebago), 
on  the  south  by  Fond  du  Lac,  and  on  the  west  by  Waushara 
and  Marquette.  It  was  set  off  from  Fond  du  Lac  and  Brown 
counties,  January,  1843.  It  was  organized  for  county  pur 
poses,  (its  judicial  connection  being  with  Fond  du  Lac,)  Feb. 
20,  1842,  and  was  fully  organized  Feb.  8,  1847.  The  seat  of 
justice  has  been  established  at  Oshkosh,  near  the  entrance  of 
Fox  river  (Xeenah,)  into  Lake  Winnebago.  The  surface  of 
the  county  is  generally  level  or  slightly  undulating,  and  well 
diversified  with  openings,  prairie,  marsh,  timber,  and  springs 
of  pure  cold  water.  The  soil  produces  all  kinds  of  grain,  and 
is  well  adapted  to  grazing.  The  county  is  comparatively 
new,  and  its  agricultural  advantages  have  never  been  fully 
developed.  It  is  believed,  however,  that  it,  will  be  more  dis 


236  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

tinguished  fur  its  dairying,  the  growing  of  stock,  and  its 
manufactures,  than  for  the  raising  of  grain.  The  principal 
streams  are  the  Fox  and  Wolf  rivers.  It  is  connected  with 
the  fourth  judicial  circuit,  with  the  third  congressional  dis 
trict,  and  constitutes  the  twenty-first  senate  district,  and  is 
divided  into  two  assembly  districts,  viz:  1st.  Towns  17  and 
18,  ranges  14,  15,  1(5  and  17.  2d.  Towns  19  and  20,  ranges 
14,  15,  16  and  17.  Population  in  1840  was  135 ;  in  1842, 143 ; 
in  1846,  732;  in  1847,  2,748;  in  1850, 10,167.  County  Officers 
for  1853  and  1854 :  Judge,  Edwin  "Wheeler  ;  Clerk  of  Court, 
E.  E.  Baldwin;  Sheriff;  Alex.  F.  David;  Register,  Edwin  E. 
Rowley ;  Clerk  of  Board  of  Supervisors,  J.  H.  Osborn ;  Trea 
surer,  Jonathan  Dougherty. 

WINNEBAGO,  Island)  at  mouth  of  lake  of  same  name.  See  Doty's 
Island. 

WINNEBAGO,  Lake,  is  situated  between  the  counties  of  Calumet 
and  Winnebago,  having  its  head  in  Fond  du  Lac.  It  is  nearly 
30  miles  in  length  from  north  to  south,  and  about  12  miles 
wide  at  the  mouth  of  the  JsTeenah,  at  Oshkosli.  This  lake 
forms  a  portion  of  the  navigation  of  the  Fox  and  Wisconsin 
river  improvement,  and  is  about  160  feet  above  the  level  of 
Lake  Michigan,  and  63  feet  below  the  Wisconsin  Portage. 
It  is  navigable  its  whole  length,  for  small  steam  boats,  which 
ply  regularly  upon  it  during  the  summer  season.  It  covers 
an  area  of  about  90  square  miles. 

WINNEBAGO,  Marsh,  Dodge  county.     See  Horicon  lake. 

WINNEBAGO,  Rapids,  on  Neenah  river,  at  the  outlet  of  Lake 
Winnebago,  has  a  descent  of  7-J-  feet  in  a  distance  of  7,700 
feet. 

WINNEBAGO,  Town,  in  county  of  Winnebago.  Population  in  1850 
was  1,647.  It  has  4  school  districts. 

WINNECONNA,  P.  V.,  on  east  side  of  Wolf  river,  in  town  of  same 
name,  Winnebago  county. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEEK.  237 

WINNECONNA,  Town,  in  county  of  Winnebago,  town  19  X.  of  range 
15  E. ;  centrally  located,  10  miles  northwest  from  Oshkosh. 
Population  in  1850  was  1948.  It  has  3  school  districts. 

WJOTA,  Town,  in  county  of  Lafayette. 

WISCONSIN  River,  is  the  most  important  in  Wisconsin,  rising  in  Lake 
Yieux  Desert,  on  the  northern  boundary  and  extending  com 
pletely  across  the  State,  in  a  southwesterly  direction,  enters  the 
Mississippi,  by  its  course,  90  miles  from  the  line  of  Illinois.  Its 
head  waters  are  surrounded  by  extensive  forests  of  pine  timber, 
with  plenty  of  waterfall  for  its  economical  manufacture  into 
lumber,  and  a  good  channel  and  current  to  transport  the  same 
to  market.  It  is  navigable  for  steamboats  to  the  Portage 
of  the  Fox  river,  114  miles,  from  its  mouth,  and  even  above 
for  small  boats.  The  trade  of  this  river  in  lumber  and  mine 
ral  (lead)  is  quite  extensive,  and  gradually  increasing,  and  at 
the  completion  of  the  Fox  and  Wisconsin  Kivers  Improvement, 
the  trade  in  all  branches  of  commerce  will  be  great. — The 
following  account  of  this  river  was  made  by  Marquette  and 
Joliet,  who  descended  it  from  the  Portage  in  16T3 :  "  The  river 
upon  which  we  embarked  is  called  Mescousin  (Wisconsin) ; 
the  river  is  very  wide,  but  the  sand  bars  make  it  very  diffi 
cult  to  navigate,  which  is  increased  by  numerous  islands, 
covered  with  grape  vines.  The  country  through  which  it 
flows  is  beautiful ;  the  groves  are  so  dispersed  in  the  prairies 
that  it  makes  a  noble  prospect;  and  the  fruit  of  the  trees 
shows  a  fertile  soil.  These  groves  are  full  of  walnut,  oak,  and 
other  trees  unknown  to  us  in  Europe.  We  saw  neither  game 
nor  fish,  but  roebuck  and  buffaloes  in  great  numbers.  After 
having  navigated  30  leagues,  we  discovered  some  iron  mines; 
and  one  of  our  company,  who  had  seen  such  mines  before, 
said  these  were  very  rich  in  ore.  They  are  covered  with  about 
three  feet  of  soil,  and  situate  near  a  chain  of  rocks,  whose 
base  is  covered  with  fine  timber.  After  having  rowed  ten 
leagues  further,  making  forty  leagues  from  the  place  we  em-* 
barked,  we  came  into  the  Mississippi,  on  the  17th  June. 


238  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

WISCONSIN,  State.     See  Introduction,  page  4. 

WISSAKUDE,  Hioer,  of  Lake  Superior,  see  Bois  Brule  or  Burnt 
Wood  river. 

WISCONSIN,  Pinery,  is  all  of  that  section  of  country,  north  of  Dell 
Prairie,  tributary  to  the  Wisconsin  river,  producing  yearly 
70,000,000  feet  of  pine  lumber,  beside  shingles,  timber,  &c. 
The  following  statement  shows  the  location  of  the  several 
mills,  the  number  of  saws,  and  the  amount  of  lumber  manu 
factured  annually  by  each,  commencing  at  the  lowest  point  on 
the  river: — Dell  Creek,  2  saws,  1,000,000  feet. — Lemon wier, 
5  saws,  2,700,000  feet.— Yellow  Eiver,  7  saws,  3,700,000  feet. 
Pointe  Bausse,  3  saws,  200,000  feet. — Grand  Eapids,  15  saws, 
8,000,000  feet.— Crooked  Eift,  1  saw,  600,000  feet— Mill  Creek, 
5  saws,  2,400,000  feet.— Little  Plover  Eiver,  1  saw,  600,000  feet. 
Conant  Eapids,  3  saws,  2,000,000  feet.— Big  Plover  Eiver,  2 
saws,  1,200,000  feet.— Stevens'  Point,  5  saws,  3,000,000  feet. 
Little  Aux  Plaines,  2  saws,  2,400,000  feet.— Little  Eau  Claire, 
2  saws,  1,500,000  feet.— Big  Aux  Plaines,  2  saws,  2,000,000 
feet.— Little  Bull  Falls,  8  saws,  6,000,000  feet.— Junior  Bull 
Falls,  1  saw,  600,000  feet.— Big  Eau  Claire,  8  saws,  6,000,000 
feet.— Little  Eib,  2  saws,  1,000,000  feet.— Big  Bull  Falls,  22 
saws,  10,000,000  feet.— Trap,  2  saws,  900,000  feet.— Pine 
Eiver,  4  saws,  2,000,000  feet.— Jenny  Bull  Falls,  4  saws, 
4,000,000  feet.— Making  a  total  of  105  saws,  and  70,000,000 
feet.  This  statement  does  not  include  lumber  manufactured 
at  several  places  below  the  Dells,  the  logs  for  which  come 
from  above  that  point. 

WISCONSIN,  Natural  History  Association.  This  Society  was  organ 
ized  at  Madison,  the  capital  of  the  State  in  1852.  Its  object 
is  to  collect  and  procure  in  a  Museum,  the  Fauna  and  Flora 
of  the  State,  books,  papers,  and  documents  relating  to  the 
physical  sciences,  and  the  social,  political,  and  natural  history 
of  the  Great  West.  Soon  after  the  organization  of  the  Asso 
ciation  a  large  and  very  valuable  collection  of  specimens  in 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  239 

natural  history,  prepared  by  Samuel  Sercomb,  Esq.,  who  has 
resided  15  years  in  the  West,  collecting  the  same,  was  pur 
chased.  This,  together  with  several  valuable  donations,  has 
placed  the  Association  upon  a  substantial  basis.  It  is  now 
constantly  receiving  additions  by  contributions,  purchase,  and 
exchange,  and  the  catalogue  embraces  quadrupeds,  birds, 
reptiles,  fishes,  molusca,  Crustacea,  insects,  geological  and 
botanical  specimens,  Indian  relics,  curiosities  of  nature  and 
art,  books,  papers,  documents,  &c.  The  circular  of  the  Society 
solicits  correspondence  with  the  Secretary  in  relation  to 
any  thing  of  interest  that  can  be  obtained,  by  exchange  or 
otherwise,  in  different  parts  of  this  and  other  western  States. 
The  following  are  the  Officers :  President,  Leonard  J.  Far- 
well  ;  Secretary,  William  Dudley ;  Taxidermist,  Samuel  Ser 
comb. 

WISCONSIN,  State  Agricultural  Society.  This  Society  was  organized 
on  the  fifth  day  of  March,  A.  D.  1851,  at  a  meeting  of  some 
of  the  leading  agriculturists  of  the  State,  held  at  the  Capitol, 
in  Madison.  At  that  meeting  a  constitution  was  adopted  and 
officers  chosen,  consisting  of  a  President,  three  Vice-Presi 
dents,  (one  to  be  located  in  each  congressional  district),  a 
Recording  Secretary,  a  Corresponding  Secretary,  and  a  Trea 
surer,  who,  together  with  five  additional  members,  chosen 
from  the  Societv  at  lar^e.  constitute  an  Executive  Committee, 

i/  o     / 

which  forms  the  executive  and  administrative  power  of  the 
Society.  By  a  standing  resolution  of  the  Executive  Committee, 
the  President,  Secretaries  and  Treasurer  constitute  a  Standing 
Committee,  with  power  in  the  recess  of  the  Executive  Com 
mittee  to  transact  such  minor  business  as  may  be  necessary. 
The  Standing  Committee  meets  monthly,  on  the  first  Wednes 
day  in  each  month,  at  the  rooms  of  the  Society,  in  the  Capitol, 
at  Madison,  for  the  transaction  of  business.  The  Executive 
Committee  meets  quarterly,  or  at  the  call  of  the  Corresponding 
Secretary,  at  which  meetings  the  proceedings  of  the  Standing 
Committee  are  re-viewed,  for  confirmation  or  otherwise.  The 


240  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

Society  meets  annually,  on  the  third  Wednesday  of  January 
in  each  year.  It  possesses  ample  and  commodious  rooms  in 
the  Capitol,  which  are  elegantly  fitted  up,  and  placed  in 
charge  of  the  Corresponding  Secretary.  The  first  volume  of 
the  Society's  Transactions  was  issued  in  the  spring  of  1852, 
and  was  a  large  and  elegant  volume,  well  stored  with  valuable 
reading,  and  showing  evident  marks  of  advancement  in  agri 
cultural  science  and  scientific  investigation.  The  second  vol 
ume  is  now  in  press,  and  will  shortly  be  issued.  The  great 
and  unparalleled  success  which  has  attended  the  labors  of 
this  Society  may  be  traced  almost  entirely  to  the  intelligent 
enterprize  and  active  energy  of  the  officers  who  have  hitherto 
had  the  direction  and  management  of  its  affairs.  To  their 
judicious  management,  wise  counsels,  and  zealous  labors  so 
uniformly  and  freely  bestowed,  our  State  is,  and  must  ever  be, 
greatly  indebted  for  that  advancement  which  is  now  so  rapidly 
taking  place  in  our  agricultural  and  industrial  interests.  In 
this  respect  the  Society  has,  been  most  fortunate.  The  first 
Annual  Cattle  Show  and  Fair  of  the  Society  was  held  at  Junes- 
ville,  in  the  month  of  October,  1851,  and  was  a  most  brilliant 
exposition  of  the  condition  of  the  rural  arts  in  Wisconsin.  The 
show  of  cattle,  sheep,  horses,  and  swine,  was  such  as  to  as 
tonish  and  delight  all ;  while  the  domestic  manufactures,  and 
the  products  of  the  dairy  exhibited,  gave  ample  proof  of  the 
skill  and  industry  of  the  exhibitors — nor  were  the  treasures 
of  Ceres  and  Pomona  wanting  to  give  variety  to  the  scene— 
but  all  alike  admirably  blending,  each  in  due  proportion, 
gave  promise  of  the  future  high  rank  which  Wi-consin  must 
attain,  amid  the  peaceful  walks  of  husbandry.  The  Show  at 
Milwaukee,  in  the  fall  of  1852,  amply  sustained  the  proud 
position  of  the  Society,  and  demonstrated  the  certainty  of  its 
success.  The  Fair  for  the  present  year  is  to  be  held  at  the 
city  of  Watertown,  on  the  4th,  5th,  6th,  and  7th  days  of 
October  next.  Ample  arrangements  have  been  made  for  the 
accommodation  of  the  immense  throngs  that  will  be  in  attend- 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  241 

ance,  and  no  pains  will  be  spared  to  make  this,  tbe  most 
brilliant  and  successful  of  all  the  exhibitions  of  the  Society. 
The  Officers,  for  the  current  yei-r,  are  as  follows :  President, 
Elisha  W.  Edgerton,  Summit.  Yice  Presidents,  Bertine  Pink- 
ney,  Rosendale ;  Jeremiah  E.  Dodge,  Potosi ;  and  Nathaniel 
B.  Clapp,  Kenosha.  Recording  and  also  Corresponding  Secre 
tary,  Albert  C.  Ingham,  Madison.  Treasurer,  Simeon  Mills, 
Madison.' — Additional  Members  of  the  Executive  Committee: 
Hiram  Barber,  Juneau ;  Henry  M.  Billings,  Highland ;  Martin 
Field,  Mukwonago ;  Sam.  S.  Daggett,  Milwaukee  ;  and  Mark 
Miller,  Janesville.  All  communications  for  the  Society  should 
be  addressed  to  the  Corresponding  Secretary  at  Madison, 
Wisconsin. 

WISCONSIN  University.  The  buildings  of  this  Institution  are  situated 
01  ie  mile  west  of  the  Capitol  in  Madison,  on  a  beautiful  emi 
nence  commanding  an  extensive  view  of  the  basin  of  the  Four 
Lakes.  The  site  comprises,  within  the  enclosure,  about  50  acres ; 
on  which,  in  accordance  with  the  plan  adopted  by  the  Re 
gents,  it  is  proposed  to  erect  five  collegiate  structures,  namely  : 
the  main  edifice,  on  the  crown  of  the  hill,  at  the  head  of  a 
wide  avenue  leading  through  the  grounds  in  the  direction  of 
the  Capitol ;  and  the  four  subordinate  buildings,  on  a  line, 
several  rods  in  advance  of  the  main  edifice,  two  on  either 
side  of  the  avenue.  The  main  edifice  is  intended  to  contain 
all  the  public  rooms,  the  observatory,  and  two  dwelling 
houses.  The  other  buildings  are  to  be  divided  into  dormito- 
tories  for  the  residence  and  accommodation  of  students.  The 
first  dormitory  building,  on  the  north  side  of  the  avenue,  was 
completed  in  the  summer  of  1851;  and  the  Collegiate  De 
partment  was  opened  in  it  on  the  third  Wednesday  of  the 
same  year.  The  corresponding  building,  on  the  south  side 
of  the  avenue,  is  in  process  of  erection,  to  be  followed, 
next  in  order,  by  the  construction  of  the  main  edifice.  The 
organic  law  of  the  University  provides  for  the  establishment 
of  the  four  Faculties,  namely  :  of  "  Science,  Literature  and 


242  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

Arts ;"  of  "  Law ;"  of  «  Medicine  ;"  and  of  the  "  Theory  and 
Practice  of  Elementary  Instruction."  Of  these,  the  former 
has  been  organized  by  the  Regents,  and  the  following  chairs 
having  been  created  by  ordinance :  1.  Of  Ethics,  Civil  Po 
lity,  and  Political  Economy  ;  2.  Of  Mental  Philosophy, 
Logic,  Rhetoric,  and  English  Literature.  3.  Of  Ancient  Lan 
guages  and  Literature.  4.  Of  Modern  Languages  and  Lite 
rature.  5.  Of  Mathematics,  Natural  Philosophy  and  Astro 
nomy.  6.  Of  Chemistry  and  Natural  History.  The  Chair  of 
Ethics,  &c.,  is  occupied  by  the  Chancellor  of  the  University, 
who,  together,  with  the  other  Professors,  and  the  requisite 
number  of  Tutors,  will  constitute  the  Faculty  of  Science, 
Literature,  and  Arts.  The  University  was  originally  endowed 
by  act  of  Congress,  granting  seventy-two  sections  of  land  to 
be  selected  by  the  State  for  that  use.  Under  the  appraisal 
of  1852,  the  capital  fund  derived  from  the  sale  of  these  lands, 
amounts  to  8170,000.  They  are  now  open  to  private  entry, 
at  the  appraised  value,  in  the  office  of  the  Commissioners  of 
School  and  University  Lands  at  Madison.  They  are  selling 
off  rapidly,  and  it  is  believed  that  the  whole  will  be  converted 
into  a  productive  fund  within  a  short  period.  The  University 
of  Wisconsin,  like  the  community  whose  institution  it  is,  is 
still  young.  It  has  gone  into  operation  with  appointments 
amply  sufficient  to  answer  all  present  educational  demands, 
while  the  condition  of  its  finances  justifies  the  confidence, 
that  its  increasing  capabilities  will  keep  pace  with  the  future 
growth  of  the  State,  and  make  it  an  attractive  gathering  point 
for  the  scholars  of  the  West. 

WISSAUNA,  Lake,  see  Golden  Lake,  of  Watikesha  county. 

WISIIICONI,  Lake,  is  a  small  body  of  water,  in  Marathon  county, 
tributary  to  the  Chippewa. 

WOLF,  Creek,  a  small  tributary  of  the  Peckatonnica,  into  which  it 
empties  at  Gratiot,  Lafayette  county. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  243 

WOLF,  River,  (Pauwaicun,)  east  of  the  Wisconsin,  and  running 
southeast,  unites  with  ^N"eenah  river  just  above  Great  Butte  des 
Morts  Lake,  at  which  place  it  is  much  larger  than  the  Neenah. 
It  is  navigable,  for  over  100  miles  from  its  mouth,  for  small 
steamers,  and  furnishes  the  best  pine  lumber  in  the  State. 

WOLF  RIVER,  Pinery,  as  it  is  called,  is  the  extensive  evergreen 
district  on  Wolf  river  and  its  tributaries,  Rat,  Pine,  Little, 
Waupacca,  Little  Wolf,  Ernbarass,  and  Shawana  rivers.  Some 
of  these  are  large  streams,  and  afford  excellent  hydraulic 
power.  The  annual  manufacture  of  lumber,  besides  shingles 
and  timber,  will  be  partially  shown  by  the  following  list 
wThich  contains  nothing  but  the  estimated  amount  of  sawed 
lumber  :  Appleton,  2,000,000  ;  Menasha  and  Keenah, 
3,000,000;  Oshkosh,  5  mills,  4,000,000;  Algoma,  2  mills, 
1,000,000  ;  Butte  des  Morts,  2  mills,  1,000,000  ;  Winneconna, 
1  mill,  500,000  ;  Little  river,  1  mill,  500,000 ;  Little  Wolf, 
4  mills,  5,000,000 ;  Shawana,  2  mills,  1,000,000 ;  Red  river, 
1  mill,  500,000  ;  Clark's,  2  mills,  1,000,000  ;  Fox  river  above 
mouth  of  Wolf,  6,000,000.  Making  a  total  of  25,500,000. 

WORTH,  P.  0.,  in  Sheboygan  county. 

WRIGHTSTOWN,  Town,  in  Brown  county. 

WYALUSING,  P.  V.,  on  section  1,  town  5  jST.,  of  range  7  W.,  Grant 
county,  25  miles  northwest  from  Lancaster,  and  about  100 
miles  west  from  Madison.  It  is  beautifully  situated  on  the 
Mississippi  river,  and  has  an  excellent  steam  boat  landing. 
The  vicinity  is  well  supplied  with  timber  and  water,  and  good 
hydraulic  powers,  and  is  well  adapted  to  all  the  pursuits  of 
agriculture.  Population  30  ;  with  2  stores  and  1  hotel. 

WYOCENA,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Columbia  county,  being 
on  sections  21  and  22,  town  12  N.,  of  range  10  E. 

WYOMING,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Iowa  county. 

WYOMING,  Town,  in  county  of  Iowa,  being  part  of  towns  7  and  8 
N.,  of  ranges  3  and  4.  It  has  4  school  districts, 


244  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

YELLOW,  Lake,  is  the  source  of  a  river  of  the  same  name,  a  small 
tributary  of  the  St.  Croix,  in  La  Pointe  county,  from  the  south. 

YELLOW,  River,  rises  in  the  south  part  of  Portage  county,  and 
runs  southerly,  emptying  into  the  Wisconsin  river,  in  south 
east  corner  of  town  IT  1ST. ,  of  range  4  E.,  Adams  county. 

YELLOW,  River  and  Lake,  in  La  Pointe  county.  See  Massawa 
River  and  Lake. 

YELLOW,  River,  Chippewa  county,  rises  in  Marathon  county,  and 
runs  southwesterly  into  the  Chippewa  river,  about  5  miles 
above  the  falls. 

YELLOW  STONE,  Creek,  is  a  tributary  from  the  northwest  of  Dodge's 
branch  or  east  branch  of  the  Peckatonnica  river,  into  which  it 
empties,  in  the  town  of  Argyle,  Lafayette  county. 

YORK,  P.  0.,  Dane  county,  on  section  21,  of  town  of  same  name. 
It  has  1  store,  3  hotels,  and  is  22  miles  northeast  from  Madison. 

YOEK,  Town,  in  county  of  Dane,  being  town  9,  of  range  12  E. ; 
centrally  located,  19  miles  northeast  from  Madison.  It  has  0 
school  districts. 

YORK,  Town,  in  county  of  Greene,  being  town  4  N.,  of  range  6; 
centrally  located,  16  miles  northwest  from  Monroe.  Popula 
tion  in  1850  was  191.  It  has  2  school  districts. 

YORKVILLE,  P.  0.,  town  of  York,  Racine  county,  being  in  town  3 
K,  of  range  21  E. 

YORKVILLE,  Town,  in  county  of  Racine,  being  town  3  N".,  of  range 
2 1  E. ;  centrally  located,  10  miles  west  of  Racine.  Popula 
tion  in  1850  was  997.  It  has  10  school  districts. 

YOUNG  HICKORY,  P.  V.,  in  town  of  Jackson,  Washington  county, 
being  in  town  10  IS".,  of  range  20  E. 


APPENDIX, 


ALMOND,  Town,  in  county  of  Portage. 
ANCIENT,  P.  0.,  in  Dane  county. 
A.RGYLE,  P.  0.,  in  Lafayette  county. 
ARGYLE,  Town,  in  Lafayette  county. 
ASHTON,  P.  0.,  in  Dane  county. 
BADGER,  P.  O.,  in  Fond  du  Lac  county. 

BEAULIEUX,  Rapids,  are  in  the  Wisconsin  river,  seven  miles  above 
the  mouth  of  Pine  river.  See  Jenny  Bull  Falls. 

BKLMONT,  Town,  in  Lafayette  county. 
BENTON,  P.  0.,  in  Lafayette  county. 

BERLIN,  P.  F.,  is  situated  on  sections  3  and  4,  on  the  east  side  of 
Fox  river,  in  town  17  X.,  of  range  13  E.  It  was  laid  out  in 
1849  by  N.  H.  Strong,  Esq.,  from  whom  it  derived  the  name 
of  Strong's  Landing,  by  which  it  is  sometimes  called.  It  is  a 
place  of  considerable  business,  has  a  good  river  trade,  and  is 
in  the  centre  of  a  large  agricultural  district.  It  has  two 
newspapers,  and  various  mercantile  and  mechanical  establish 
ments. 

BENTON,  Town,  in  Lafayette  county. 

BIG  FOOT  PRAIRIE,  P.  O.,  in  town  of  Wai  worth,  Wai  worth  county, 
17 


24:6  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

BRISTOL,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  same  name,  in  the  county  of  Kenosha. 

BYRON,  P.  0.,  in  Fond  du  Lac  county. 

CENTREVILLE,  Town,  in  Manitowoc  county. 

CENTRE,  Town,  in  Lafayette  county. 

COLLINS,  P.  0.,  in  Manitowoc  county. 

COON  PRAIRIE,  P.  0.,  in  Crawford  county. 

COPPER  ROCK,  Rwer,  is  a  tributary  from  the  west  of  Wisconsin 
river,  which  it  enters,  at  Rock  Island,  10  miles  below  Grand 
Father  Bull  Falls. 

COTTAGE  INN,  P.  0.,  in  Lafayette  county,  on  stage  route  from 
Madison  to  Galena,  60  miles  southwest  from  Madison. 

DEPERE,  Town,  in  Brown  county. 

DUNKIRK,  P.  0.,  in  Dane  county. 

EDSON,  Town,  in  Manitowoc  county. 

ELK  GROVE,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  same  name,  Lafayette  county. 

ELK  GROVE,  Town,  in  Lafayette  county. 

EOLIA,  P.  0.,  in  Dane  county. 

FAYETTE,  Town,  in  Lafayette  county. 

FLORENCE,  P.O.,  in  town  of  Portage  Prairie,  Columbia  county,  on 
section  6,  town  12  X.,  of  range  12  E.,  at  head  of  Duck  Creek. 

FOND  DU  LAC,  City.  This  place  was  one  of  the  earliest  located 
towns  in  Wisconsin,  a  paper  city,  laid  out  and  platted  several 
years  in  advance  of  the  progress  of  civilization.  But  the  past 
ten  years  has  wrought  a  change  which  few  Western  towns 
can  rival.  The  city  is  located  at  the  head  of  Lake  Winnebago, 
on  section  10,  town  15,  of  range  IT  E.  The  principal  busi 
ness  portion  is  situated  about  three-quarters  of  a  mile  from 
the  lake,  on  the  Fond  du  Lac  river,  whose  mouth  forms 
a  convenient  port  of  entry  for  the  steam  boats  and  other 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  247 

water  crafts  which  run  between  this  place,  Oshkosh,  Wolf 
river,  and  Upper  and  Lower  Fox  rivers.  The  river,  at  the 
upper  part  of  the  city  and  a  short  distance  above,  furnishes 
several  very  fair  mill  powers  for  the  manufacture  of  lumber, 
flour,  &c.,  and  on  which  an  oil  mill  is  also  being  erected.  The 
principal  part  of  the  city  is  built  upon  a  level  prairie  on  the 
east  side  of  the  river.  On  the  west  side  was  formerly  a  beau 
tiful  sugar  maple  grove,  which  affords  one  of  the  most 
inviting  and  pleasant  retreats  that  could  well  be  desired,  and 
in  which  are  erected  a  large  number  of  private  residences, 
which  are  destined  to  be  the  most  desirable  in  the  city.  The 
place  is  backed  up  and  sustained  by  one  of  the  richest  and 
most  productive  farming  counties  in  the  State.  One  of  the 
most  inviting  features  of  this  place,  is  the  pure  water  with 
which  it  is  supplied,  from  the  large  number  of  never-failing 
fountains,  or  artesian  wells,  which  brings  the  water  to  the 
surface  of  the  earth,  and  yields  a  most  bountiful  supply  of 
as  pure  water  as  can  be  found  in  the  State,  and  to  which 
may  be  attributed,  in  a  great  degree,  the  extensive  healthful- 
ness  of  the  place.  The  streets  are  wide,  the  lots  of  conve 
nient  size,  and  laid  out  with  much  uniformity  and  taste — 
with  several  public  squares,  which,  when  properly  improved, 
will  add  much  to  the  beauty  of  the  place.  About  3  miles  of 
double  plank  road  has  been  constructed  within  the  limits  of 
of  the  city.  A  large  amount  of  money  has  also  been  ex 
pended  in  building  side-walks  throughout  the  entire  city, 
which  are  mostly  of  plank,  and  of  very  convenient  width. 
The  present  population  of  the  city  is  estimated  at  about 
4,000,  and  is  rapidly  increasing  by  the  influx  of  business 
men  and  capitalists  from  the  East.  It  was  first  incorporated 
as  a  village  in  1847,  and  a  city  charter  granted  in  the  winter 
of  1852.  There  are  in  the  city  9  hotels,  2  exchange  or  banking 
houses,  12  dry  goods,  15  grocery  and  provision,  4  clothing, 
4  wine  and  liquor,  S  boot  and  shoe,  2  hat  and  cap,  4  harness 
and  leather,  3  stove  and  tin  ware,  and  1  iron  and  hardware 


24:8  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

stores;  2  jeweller,  5  cabinet,  5  blacksmith,  3  paint,  2  gun, 
3  waggon,  and  3  milliner  shops ;  4  warehouses,  4  lumber 
yards,  5  saloons,  3  livery  stables,  6  bakeries,  1  foundry, 
3  sash  and  blind  factories,  4  meat  markets  ;  1  cigar,  1  car, 
and  1  cradle  manufactory ;  1  book  bindery,  2  planing  mills, 
3  nursery  establishments,  1  auction  store,  2  daguerrean  gal 
leries,  3  printing  offices,  16  law  offices,  9  physicians  and 
surgeons,  3  barber's  shops.  In  addition  to  these,  there  are  a 
large  number  of  small  establishments,  where  various  kinds  of 
business  are  carried  on  with  great  success.  There  are  7  reli 
gious  denominations. 

FRANCIS  CREEK,  P.  0.,  in  Manitowoc  county. 
FREEDOM,  P.  0.,  in  Sauk  county. 
GEORGETOWN,  P.  0.,  in  Lafayette  county. 

GRAND  FATHER  BULL,  Falls,  are  the  largest  rapids  on  the  Wis 
consin  river.  The  river  at  this  place  is  divided  into  three 
chutes  by  two  chains  of  rocks  rising  fifteen  feet  above  the 
water. 

GREEN  BAY,  Town,  in  Brown  county. 

HAMPDEN,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  same  name,  in  Columbia  county. 

HARTFORD,  P.  V.,  in  Washington  county. 

HELENA,  P.  T7".,  see  Helena  Village. 

HOWARD,  Town,  in  Brown  county. 

HORTONVILLE,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  Hortonia,  on  Wolf  river,  in  Outa- 
gamie  county. 

JACKSON,  County,  was  set  off  from  La  Crosse  at  the  January 
session  of  the  legislature  in  1853,  and  includes  all  of  said 
county  of  La  Crosse,  north  of  town  18.  The  seat  of  justice  is 
at  the  village  of  Black  Biver  Falls,  on  Black  river.  In  this 
county  about  15,000,000  feet  of  pine  lumber  is  sawed  annually. 
For  further  particulars,  see  La  Crosse  county. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  249 

JANESVILLE,  City,  is  located  on  section  1,  of  town  of  same  name, 
in  Rock  county.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  on  both  sides  of 
Rock  river,  14  miles  north  of  tLe  State  line,  and  about  mid 
way  between  Lake  Michigan  and  the  Mississippi  river ;  40 
miles  southeast  of  Madison,  and  90  from  Chicago,  111.  It  was 
organized  into  a  city  government  in  April,  1853.  It  is  the 
county  seat  of  Rock  county,  has  two  extensive  water  powers 
which  are  but  partially  developed,  and  is  surrounded  by  a 
fertile  and  farming  dairy  country,  with  which  it  has  an  exten 
sive  trade.  Its  steady  and  rapid  increase  in  population  and 
wealth  will  appear  from  the  following  statistics :  The  first 
families  settled  upon  the  spot  where  the  city  now  stands  in 
the  year  1836.  A  village  was  laid  out  in  1839.  In  1843,  the 
population  was  333;  in  1845,  857;  in  1847,  1,458;  in  1849, 
1,812  ;  in  1850,  3,100  ;  in  1853,  about  5,000.  Rail  roads  from 
Milwaukee,  Racine,  Kenosha,  Chicago,  Beloit,  Dubuque, 
Madison,  and  Fond  du  Lac,  are  projected  to  this  city ;  the 
first  already  completed,  and  the  others  are  under  contract  to 
be  finished  in  one  or  two  years.  There  are  4  flouring  mills, 
within  the  limits  of  the  corporation,  having  10  run  of  stones  ; 
3  saw  mills,  1  woollen  factory,  1  mill  for  manufacturing  water 
lime,  and  grinding  coarse  feed  for  cattle,  swine,  &c.,  to  which 
is  to  be  added  an  oil  mill,  two  foundries,  a  mill  for  sawing 
stone  and  turning  wood,  with  a  large  number  of  mechanic 
shops  of  all  descriptions ;  12  dry  good,  17  grocery,  2  hard 
ware,  2  book,  3  drug,  several  clothing,  shoe  and  variety  stores; 
2  banks,  (Badger  State,  and  Central  Wisconsin);  5  hotels,  and 
a  sixth  being  erected,  of  very  large  dimensions,  on  the  ruins 
of  one  recently  burnt  down ;  4  printing  presses,  3  weekly 
and  1  monthly  newspaper,  and  1  book  bindery.  The  State  In 
stitution  for  the  Blind  is  located  at  Janesville,  a  portion  of  the 
buildings  are  completed  in  which  several  children  are  receiv 
ing  instruction.  Besides  the  public  schools,  Janesville  has  an 
academy  and  a  female  seminary,  both  excellent  institutions  ; 
also  6  large  churches  erected,  built  of  brick  or  stone. 


250  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

JENNY  BULL,  Falls,  (Beaulieux  Rapids),  on  the  Wisconsin  river, 
are  in  town  31,  of  range  6.  At  this  place  are  4  mills,  cutting 
about  3,000,000  feet  of  lumber  per  year. 

KEWASKTJM,  P.  0.,  in  Washington  county. 

KOSSUTH,  Town,  in  Manitowoc  county. 

LAWRENCE,  Town,  in  Brown  county. 

LEROY,  P.  0.,  in  Fond  du  Lac  county. 

LISBON,  P.  0.,  in  Waukesha  county. 

LITTLE  CHUTE,  P.  0.,  on  Fox  river,  in  Outagamie  county. 

MANITOWOC  RAPIDS,  P.  V.,  is  situated  at  the  Rapids  of  Manitowoc 
river,  in  Manitowoc  county,  4  miles  west  from  Lake  Michigan. 
The  river  at  this  place  furnishes  a  good  hydraulic  power, 
which  is  improved,  and  used  for  several  manufacturing  pur 
poses. 

MANITOWOC  RAPIDS,  Town,  in  Manitowoc  county. 

MANITOWOC,  P.  V.,  is  beautifully  situated  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Manitowoc  river,  on  Lake  Michigan,  90  miles  below  Mil 
waukee.  Its  present  population  is  about  2,000,  and  is  rapidly 
increasing.  Its  harbor,  the  best  natural  one  on  the  lake  west, 
is  being  improved  through  an  appropriation  by  Congress. 
The  county  seat  of  the  county  has  been  'lately  located  here, 
and  an  appropriation  made  for  the  erection  of  county  build 
ings.  It  has  1  pier,  4  warehouses,  J  2  stores,  2  steam  saw 
mills,  6  blacksmith  and  waggon,  3  shoe,  arid  3  tailor's  shops; 
2  ship  yards,  at  which  ship  building  is  carried  on  to  consider 
able  extent;  4  hotels,  and  2  school  houses;  it  has  Episcopa 
lian,  Presbyterian,  Methodist,  and  Catholic  congregations — 
the  first  has  built  a  fine  church,  and  the  others  have  arranged 
for  suitable  sites,  and  will  soon  erect  churches.  Large  quan 
tities  of  lumber,  manufactured  on  the  river  above,  are  sold 
and  shipped  here  every  year,  from  which  considerable  revenue 
is  derived  yearly.  As  soon  as  the  plank  road,  which  is  being 


WISCONSIN   GAZETTEER.  251 

built  between  this  place  and  Menasha,  is  finished,  Manitowoc 
will  become  the  depot  of  considerable  trade  of  the  Fox  River 
Valley,  and  a  place  of  importance  as  a  commercial  point.  The 
rail  roads  projected  from  this  place  north  and  west,  connect 
ing  with  roads  in  the  interior,  will  undoubtedly  be  built. 

MANITOWOC,  Town,  in  Manitowoc  county. 
MAPLE  GKOVE,  Town,  in  Manitowoc  county. 
MAKCY,  P.  0.,  in  Waukesha  county. 

MENASHA,  E '.  "F".,  is  situated  at  the  outlet  of  Lake  Winnebago,  on 
the  north  side  of  the  northern  channel.  It  is  now  a  place  of 
some  ten  or  twelve  hundred  inhabitants,  and  possesses  all  the 
advantages  for  a  large  town.  Its  hydraulic  power  is  very 
great,  and  has  been  improved  with  great  rapidity.  There  are 
now  in  operation  upon  it,  2  grist  mills,  5  saw  mills,  1  large 
tub  and  pail  factory,  which  occupies  a  building  40  by  60  feet, 
and  3  stories  high,  2  cabinet  and  chair  manufactories,  2  sash 
and  blind  establishments,  1  large  iron  foundry,  1  brewery, 
and  there  is  also  an  extensive  pottery  which  turns  out  large 
quantities  of  the  best  kind  of  ware,  pronounced,  by  those 
who  are  conversant  with  such  matters,  equal  to  the  best  Ohio 
stone  ware — and  the  clay  of  which  it  is  made  is  found  in  the 
immediate  vicinity  in  inexhaustible  quantities.  The  place  con 
tains  -i  taverns,  and  the  usual  number  of  shops  and  stores; 
Hon.  Curtis  Reed  commenced  the  settlement  of  the  place  in 
July,  1849,  and  has  since  been  the  leading  spirit  of  the  place. 
A  plank  road  connects  this  place  with  Appleton  and  Grand 
Kaukauna  ;  and  one  is  also  in  progress  of  construction  to  Ma 
nitowoc,  on  Lake  Michigan,  and  will  be  completed  during 
the  present  season.  The  State  Improvement  and  IT.  S.  Land 
Offices  are  located  here ;  and  an  appropriation  of  $5,000  has 
been  made  by  Congress  for  the  construction  of  a  light  house. 
A  daily  line  of  steam  boats  connect  with  Fond  du  Lac,  and 
the  Fox  and  Wolf  rivers. 


252  WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 

MEEME,   Town,  in  Manitowoc  county. 
MENOMONEE  FALLS,  P.  0.,  in  Waukesha  county. 
MENTOR,  P.  0.,  in  Sheboygan  county. 
MENTOR,  P.  0.,  in  Waukesha  county. 
MISHCOTT,  P.  0.,  in  Manitowoc  county. 
MONTICELLO,  Town,  in  Lafayette  county. 

MUSCLE,  Lake  and  River,  are  on  the  western  head  waters  of  the 
Wisconsin,  in  Marathon  county. 

MUSKEGO  CENTRE,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  Muskego,  Waukesha  county. 
MUKWA,  P.  V.  &  C.  H.,  on  Wolf  river,  in  Waupacca  county. 

NEENAH,  P.  V,,  is  situated  at  the  outlet  of  Lake  Winnebago,  op 
posite  Menasha,  on  the  south  side  of  the  south  channel.  The 
property  was  first  purchased  from  the  Government  by  Har 
rison  Eeed  in  1846.  There  are  now  3  large  flouring  mills,  2 
saw  mills,  1  sash  and  blind  manufactory,  1  cabinet  shop,  1 
planing  mill,  and  an  immense  hydraulic  power  yet  unoccu 
pied.  Some  think  that  time  will  ultimately  connect  the  two 
villages  of  Menasha  and  Neenah,  including  the  large  island 
between,  in  one  large  city,  possessing  advantages  of  location 
and  water  power  rarely  equalled. 

NEW  DIGGINGS,  Town,  in  Lafayette  county. 

NEW  HOLSTEIN,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  same  name,  in  Calumet  county. 

NEWTON,  Town,  in  Manitowoc  county. 

NORTH  JANESVILLE,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  Janesville,  Rock  county, 
town  3  N.,  of  range  12  E. 

OAKLAND,  P.  0.,  in  town  of  same  name,  in  Jefferson  county. 
ONEONTA,  P.  0.,  in  Sauk  county. 
ORIN,  P.  0.,  in  Richland  county. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER.  258 

ONION  KIVER,  P.  0.,  in  Sheboygan  county. 
OWASCUS,  P.  0.,  in  Fond  clu  Lac  county. 
PITTSFIELD,  Town,  in  Brown  county. 
SPRING VILLE,  P.  0.,  in  Fond  du  Lac  county. 

TURKEY  GROVE,  P.  0.,  on  section  31,  town  5,  of  range  6,   28 
miles  from  Madison,  Dane  county. 


WISCONSIN  EMIGRANT  AGENCY.  For  the  purpose  of  promoting 
emigration  to  the  State,  an  Emigration  Agency  has  been 
established,  the  officers  of  which  are  paid  by  the  State,  and 
are  interested  only  to  point  out  the  various  industrial  re 
sources  of  Wisconsin,  its  adaption  to  mercantile  and  mechani 
cal  pursuits — the  best  location  where  either  wild,  government, 
or  improved  lands  can  be  procured — and  such  other  general 
and  useful  information  as  is  needed  by  the  emigrant.  The 
office  of  the  Agency  is  at  89,  GREENWICH  STREET,  E"EW  YORK. 
The  following  named  gentlemen  are  connected  with  this 
Agency,  either  of  whom  will  give,  free  of  cost  or  charge,  im 
partial  and  reliable  informntion,  both  verbal  and  documen 
tary,  to  all  wishing  to  inquire  in  regard  to  the  State : 

HERMAN  HAERTEL,  Commissioner. 

JOHN  H.  BYRNE,  Assistant  Commissioner. 

THOMAS  J.  TOWNSEND,  Travelling  Agent. 


1> 


254: 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 


NEWSPAPERS   IN  WISCONSIN. 


Place. 

County. 

Appleton, 

Outagamie, 

Bamboo, 

Sank, 

Beaver  Dain, 

Dodge, 

Beloit, 

Rock, 

Berlin, 

Marquette, 

Columbus, 

Columbia, 

Elkhorn, 

Walworth, 

Delavan, 

Walworth, 

Fond  du  Lac, 

Fond  du  Lac, 

Fond  du  Lac, 

Fond  du  Lac, 

Fond  du  Lac, 

Fond  du  Lac, 

Green  Bay, 

Brown, 

Inmansville, 

Rock, 

Janesville, 

Rock, 

Janesville, 

Rock, 

Janesville, 

Rock, 

Janesville, 

Rock, 

Jefferson, 

Jefferson, 

Juneau, 

Dodge, 

Kenosha, 

Kenosha, 

Kenosha, 

Kenosha, 

Kenosha, 

Kenosha, 

La  Crosse, 

La  Crosse, 

Lancaster, 

Grant, 

Madison, 

Dane, 

Madison, 

Dane, 

Manitowoc, 

Manitowoc, 

Monroe, 

Green, 

Milwaukee, 

Milwaukee, 

Milwaukee, 

Milwaukee, 

Milwaukee, 

Milwaukee, 

Milwaukee. 

Milwaukee, 

Milwaukee, 

Milwaukee, 

Milwaukee, 

Milwaukee, 

Milwaukee, 

Milwaukee, 

Name  of  Paper. 

Appleton  Crescent, 
Sauk  County  Standard, 
Beaver  Dam  Republican, 
Beloit  Journal, 
Marquette  Mercury, 
Columbus  Reporter, 
Walworth  County  Reporter, 
Walworth  County  Journal, 
Fond  du  Lac  Journal, 
Fountain  City  Herald, 
National  Democrat, 

Green  Bay  Advocate, 
Emigranten,  [Norwegian] 
Democratic  Standard, 
Janesville  Free  Press, 

Janesville  Gazette, 

Wisconsin  &  Iowa  Farmer, 

Jeffersonian, 

Dodge  County  Gazette, 

Kenosha  Democrat, 
Kenosha  Telegraph, 
Kenosha  Tribune, 

La  Crosse  Democrat, 

Grant  County  Herald, 

Wisconsin  Argus  &  Democrat, 

Wisconsin  State  Journal, 

Manitowoc  County  Herald, 

Monroe  Sentinel, 

Milwaukee  Free  Democrat, 

Milwaukee  Sentinel, 

Wisconsin, 

Morning  News, 

Wisconsin  Banner,  [German] 

Volksfreund,  [German] 

SeeBote,  [German] 


Publishers. 

Samuel  Ryan,  jr. 
C.  H.  McLaughlin. 
Edgar  C.  Hull. 
Briggs  &  Foster. 
J.  H.  Wells. 
Huntington. 
Utter  &  Co. 
Bunner  &  Co. 
E.  Heeson. 
R.  Buck 
Amos  Reed. 

Robinson  &  Brother. 

C.  L.  Claussen. 
Daniel  C.  Brown. 
Joseph  Baker. 

Alden  &  Holt, 

Mark  Miller. 

W.  M.  Watt. 

R.  B.  Wentworth. 

G.  H.  Paul. 

C.  L.  Sholes. 

Butts  &  West. 

Stevens  <fe  Rogers. 

Cover  &  Goldsmith. 

Beriah  Brown. 

David  Atwood. 

C.  W.  Fitch. 

J.  Walworth. 

S.  M.  Booth. 

R.  King  <fc  Co. 

W.  E.  Cramer. 

Shaw  <fc  Hyer. 

Shoeffler  &  Wendt. 

Fratney  &  Hertzberg. 

A.  St.  Vincent. 


WISCONSIN    GAZETTEER. 


255 


Place.  County.  Name  of  Paper. 

Mineral  Point,  Iowa,  Mineral  Point  Democrat, 

Mineral  Point,  Iowa,  Wisconsin  Tribune, 

Platteville,  Grant,  Independent  American, 

Potosi,  Grant,  Potosi  Republican, 

Prairie  du  Chien,  Crawford,  Crawford  County  Courier, 

Portage  City,  Columbia,  River  Times, 

Portage  City,  Columbia,  Northern  Republic, 

Osbkosh,  Winnebago,  ]S"oerdlicher  Anzeiger  [German 

Oshkosh,  Winnebago,  Oshkosh  Courier, 

Oshkosh,  Winnebago,  Oshkosh  Democrat, 

Ozaukee,  Ozaukee,  Washington  County  Blade, 

Racine,  Racine,  Racine  Advocate, 

Racine,  Racine,  Racine  Democrat, 

Sheboygan,  Sheboygan,  Sheboygan  Journal, 

Sheboygan,  Sheboygan,  Democratic  Secretary, 

Sheboygan,  Sheboygan,  Sheboygan  Chronicle, 

Sheboygan,  Sheboygan,  Nieuw.->bode,  [Dutch] 

Sheboygan,  Sheboygan,  Phoenix  ausNorwesten  [Germ 

Shebovgan,  Sheboygan,  [German] 

Sheboygan  Falls,  Sheboygan,  Sheboygan  Falls  Free  Press, 

Shullsburg,  Lafayette,  Pick  <fe  Gad, 

Stevens'  Point,  Portage,  Wisconsin  Pinery, 

Watertown,  Jefferson,  Democratic  State  Register, 

Watertown,  Jefferson,  Watertown  Chronicle, 

Waukesha,  Waukesha,  Waukesha  Chronotype, 


Publishers. 

0.  J.  Wright. 

Bliss  A  Chaney. 
J.  L.  Marsh. 

Seaton  &  Paul. 

Hutchinson  &  Hurd. 

John  Delaney. 

W.  W.  Noyes. 
]  Coleman  &  Co. 

J.  Crowley. 

Burnside  &  Co. 

R.  A.  Bird. 

C.  Clement. 

Hewlett  &  Carey. 

F.  J.  Mills. 

J.  Quintus. 

Lyman  &  Eastman. 

J.  Quintus. 
]  Reinholt. 

A.  Marschner. 

J.  A.  S  i.ith. 

Samuel  G.  Bugh. 

Chandler  &  Co. 

E.  B.  Quiner. 

J.  A.  Hadley. 

H.  D.  Barron. 


All  of  the  foregoing,  except  the  Wisconsin  and  Iowa  Farmer  at  Janesville  (monthly) 
are  published  weekly ;  and  daily  editions  are  also  published  by  all  in  Madison,  Mil 
waukee,  and  Racine  ;  and  tri-weekly  by  most  of  those  in  Milwaukee. 


ERRATA. 

Pago    7,  line    2,  for  "county"  read  "country." 

„    10,  line  15,  for  "features"  read  "feature"  ;  line  22,  for  "are"  read  "is." 
„    16,  line  15,  read  "200,000,000." 

„    20,  read  "Green  Bay,  28,000,000;  Wisconsin,  70,000000;  Total,  211,000,000;" 
and  for  "nearly  400,000,000,"  read  "over  200,000,000." 

„    59,  line  16,  read  "  Cadwell  Prairie,  P.  0." 
„    60,  line  24,  read  "  Calumet  Village,  P.  V." 
„    95,  line    5,  for  "Town"  read  "P.O." 
„    98,  line  24,  for  "river"  read  "line." 
„  130,  line    7,  for  "W."  read  "E." 
,,249,  line    1,  for  "1,"  read  "36." 


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